국내선 항공기 연료소모량 분석을 통한 연료절감 방안연구 - B737 항공기 연료소모량을 중심으로 -

최지헌,이경한,김용옥,김웅이 한국항공운항학회 2022 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.30 No.2

This study analyzed and derived a plan to reduce fuel consumption of domestic aircraft. Specifically, this study tested fuel consumption in the short-distance flights of B737. Fuel consumption was calculated by substituting the simulation variable values into Matlab. The strength of this study is that the actual operating environment was reflected by collecting the B737 flight data. As a result of the study, the domestic fuel consumption rate in the computed flight plan was less than the current fuel consumption rate. Existing limitations of this study is that it was difficult to reflect the various variables constituting the flight environment, and thus there can be errors in the measurement of the fuel consumption. There are two major expected applications from this study. First, applying the plans from this study will lead to a reduction in the amount of fuel and thus provide positive economic effects for commercial airlines. Second, the plan from this study will provide a basis for pilots to predict fuel consumption more accurately. In conclusion, this study proposes a fuel saving plan with useful applications for pilots and airlines.

GPS 데이터를 이용한 차량의 연료소모량 연산법 연구

고광호,Ko, Kwang-Ho 한국산업융합학회 2020 한국산업융합학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.6

It's important to measure fuel consumption of vehicles. It's possible to monitor green house gas from vehicles for various traffic conditions with the measured data. It's effective to eco-drive for drivers with fuel consumption data also. There's a display of fuel consumption in the modern vehicles, but it's not useful to get the data from the display. An estimating method for fuel consumption of a vehicle is suggested in the study. It's a simple but an effective method using GPS data. The GPS data(speed, acceleration, road slope) and vehicle data(weight, frontal area, model year, certified fuel economy) is necessary to estimate the fuel consumption for the method. It calculates driving resistance force to estimate engine power. Then it estimates the necessary fuel consumption to maintain the engine power with fuel-power conversion factor. The conversion factor is corrected with certified fuel economy, model year and rated power. The precision of the methods is checked with road test data. The test driving data was measured with GPS and OBD. The error of the estimated fuel consumption for the measured one is about 1.8%. But the error is large for the 1000 and 100 data number from the total data number of about 10,000. The error is from the larger change range of the GPS data than the one of the measured fuel consumption data. But the proposed estimating method is useful to percept the fuel consumption change for better fuel economy with simple gadget like smart phone or other GPS instruments.

A Study on the Verification Method of Ships’ Fuel Oil Consumption by using AIS

Jinyoung Yang 해양환경안전학회 2019 海洋環境安全學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

Since 2020, according to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) amended in 2016, each Administration shall transfer the annual fuel consumption of its registered ships of 5,000 gross tonnage and above to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) after verifying them. The Administration needs stacks of materials, which must not be manipulated by ship companies, including the Engine log book and also bears an administrative burden to verify them by May every year. This study considers using the Automatic Identification System (AIS), mandatory navigational equipment, as an objective and efficient tool among several verification methods. Calculating fuel consumption using a ship’s speed in AIS information based on the theory of a relationship between ship speed and fuel consumption was reported in several examples of relevant literature. After pre-filtering by excluding AIS records which had speed errors from the raw data of five domestic cargo vessels, fuel consumptions calculated using Excel software were compared to actual bunker consumptions presented by ship companies. The former consumptions ranged from 96 to 123 percent of the actual bunker consumptions. The difference between two consumptions could be narrowed to within 20 percent if the fuel consumptions for boilers were deducted from the actual bunker consumption. Although further study should be carried out for more accurate calculation methods depending on the burning efficiency of the engine, the propulsion efficiency of the ship, displacement and sea conditions, this method of calculating annual fuel consumption according to the difference between two consumptions is considered to be one of the most useful tools to verify bunker consumption.

REAL-ROAD DRIVING AND FUEL CONSUMPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC BUSES IN SOUTHERN CHINA

Hanzhengnan Yu,Yu Liu,Jingyuan Li,Hai Liu,Kunqi Ma 한국자동차공학회 2020 International journal of automotive technology Vol.21 No.1

In this paper, the annual data of 40 public buses fueled with diesel in four cities in southern China have been analyzed for investigating the driving and fuel consumption characteristics. Results showed that the best traffic condition and smoothest driving style were obtained in Fuzhou, which was exact opposite to the results in Wuhan. And the driving characteristics of each city was weakly affected by the season’s variation. The fuel consumption characteristics of the public buses in different cities were studied by the method based on VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) model, and the fuel consumption factors in different cities and seasons have been given. The main factors influenced the fuel consumption characteristics could be summarized by the variations of driving characteristics and air conditioning using. The high fuel consumption was concentrated in region with low vehicle velocity range of 0 ~ 10 km/h, and the proportion of this vehicle range directly affected the average fuel consumption level. The effect of the air conditioning using on fuel consumption was especially obvious in summer and winter, and the using of air conditioning would increase about 10 % of the total vehicle fuel consumption.

항공사의 연료관리과제 운영에 따른 비용 절감 효과 분석 -인천-두바이 단축항로 운영을 기준으로-

장효석 ( Hyo-seok Chang ),유광의 ( Kwang-eui Yoo ) 한국항공경영학회 2017 한국항공경영학회지 Vol.15 No.2

전 세계 항공사의 항공운송 매출액 대비 연료비가 차지하는 비중은 2002년 이후 유가 상승 추세와 맞물려 꾸준하게 상승하고 있다. 국가별, 항공사별로 차이는 있지만 최근 10년 동안 유가가 최고에 달했던 2008년에는 국내 항공사의 경우 점유율이 39% 수준까지 확대되었다. 항공사들은 항공기 운영을 위해 사용하는 항공유를 대체할 수 있는 연료의 제한으로 유가가 상승하더라도 다른 연료를 사용할 수 없다. 그러므로 항공사들은 연료 효율성이 좋은 항공기를 도입하거나 불필요한 연료를 소모하는 무게를 줄이는 방법을 통해 연료를 절감하고 있다. 이러한 일련의 업무를 연료관리라고 하는데 국제항공 운송협회에서는 항공기가 운항 단계에서 소비되는 연료를 점검하고 연료소모효율을 높이기 위해 수행되는 개선 활동으로 정의하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 항공사의 연료관리과제 운영이 시간당 연료소모량에 미치는 영향을 탑승률, 유상탑재량, 항공기의 연비 지수와 함께 더미 변수를 이용한 다중회귀분석을 통하여 분석하였다. 연료소모량 감소를 통해 항공사가 절감할 수 있는 연료비용 산출을 위하여 단위 중량 변화 비용 요소(cost of weight factor)를 추정하였다. 분석 결과 인천공항에서 아랍에미리트의 두바이 국제공항까지의 단축항로 운영으로 시간당 연료소모량이 11.4% 감소하여 2017년 1월 30일 싱가포르 항공유 가격 및 원/달러 환율 기준인 배럴당 64.37달러, 환율 1,162원을 기준으로 연간 46,814,000원의 연료비용을 절감할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. For global major airlines, fuel cost has steadily increased in their operating costs since 2002 because fuel price was starting to rise. As the price of fuel increases, in 2008, which had the highest oil prices over the past decade, fuel cost was escalated by 39 percent of total airline operating cost. Just because jet fuel price is high, airlines cannot easily decide which different kind of energy source is suitable for aircraft operations. Therefore, airlines are saving fuel by purchasing fuel efficient aircraft or by reducing the weight that consumes unnecessary fuel. This series of tasks is called fuel conservation program, and the International Air Transport Association defines it as an improvement activity performed to check the fuel consumed at the stage of operation of the aircraft and to increase the fuel consumption efficiency. In this study, the effect of airline`s fuel conservation programs on fuel consumption per hour was analyzed by multiple regression analysis using dummy variables together with load factor, payload, and aircraft performance data. We also estimated the cost of weight factor to reduce the fuel consumption of the airline. As a result of the analysis, it was found that fuel consumption per hour decreased by 11.4% from Incheon Airport to Dubai International Airport in the United Arab Emirates, so it is possible to save fuel cost of KRW 46,814,000(Jet fuel price of Singapore on January 30, 2017 is USD 64.37/bbl and exchange rate is KRW 1,162/USD).

수소 연료 소모량 최소화를 위한 차량용 연료전지 시스템 운전 조건

윤종선(Jongsun Yoon),민승재(Seungjae Min) 한국자동차공학회 2022 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2022 No.11

In a fuel cell electric vehicle(FCEV), a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack and balance of plant (BOP) are widely used for its propulsion system. The efficiency of the fuel cell system is dominated by the operating conditions adjusted by BOP. The purpose of this study aims at developing a fuel cell system operating conditions optimization methodology to reduce hydrogen fuel consumption. A fuel cell system model, with electrochemical fuel cell stack modeling, was employed to analyze the system efficiency. The hydrogen consumption is estimated by the vehicle level simulation with fuel cell and battery power split control algorithm. The design variables are oxygen stoichiometric ratio, stack temperature, anode pressure and maximum efficiency power value. The results verify that optimal operating conditions can reduce 12% the hydrogen fuel consumption of FCEV comparing basic operating conditions.

OPTIMAL FUEL-CUT DRIVING METHOD FOR BETTER FUEL ECONOMY

최성철,K. H. KO,정인석 한국자동차공학회 2013 International journal of automotive technology Vol.14 No.2

Eco-drive methods are being applied in modern passenger cars in the form of LCD displays showing real-time fuel consumption rates. The eco-drive is one of the most promising methods to enhance the fuel economy of vehicles. The ecodrive method can be made more effective by using the fuel-cut function. The fuel is not injected when the driver does not depress the gas pedal of a vehicle with engine speeds higher than approximately 1,500 rpm above the mid-vehicle speed range. This function is known as the fuel-cut function, and almost every modern vehicle is equipped with this function. The fuel-cut is most frequently activated on downhill sections of highway. Therefore, the CO2 exhausted from the vehicle can be zero in this downhill section. In this study, the fuel-cut function is simulated with CRUISE of AVL to find the most effective driving pattern in downhill sections. Simulations with the CRUISE software showed that the lower limit of the vehicle speed for fuelcut should be raised to improve fuel economy on steeper downhill sections. The fuel economy can be optimized when the fuelcut coasting and reacceleration is completed in the downhill part of the road. The simulation result was also compared to previous test results. Fuel consumption was reduced by approximately 4% in both the experimental and simulated results for the West Coast Highway in South Korea.

연료전지 하이브리드 자동차의 ECMS

정춘화(Chunhua Zheng),박영일(Yeong-il Park),임원식(Wonsik Lim),차석원(Suk Won Cha) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.20 No.6

Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles (FCHVs) have become a major topic of interest in the automotive industry owing to recent energy supply and environmental problems. Several types of power management strategies have been developed to improve the fuel economy of FCHVs including optimal control strategy based on optimal control theory, rule-based strategy, and equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). The ECMS is applied in this study. This strategy is based on the heuristic concept that the usage of the electric energy can be exchanged to equivalent fuel consumption. This strategy is known as one of the promising solutions for real-time control of hybrid vehicles. The ECMS for an FCHV is introduced in this paper as well as the equivalent fuel consumption parameter. The relationship between the battery final state of charge (SOC) and the fuel consumption while changing the equivalent fuel consumption parameter is obtained for three different driving cycles. The function of the equivalent fuel consumption parameter is also discussed.

수소연료전지자동차 연료소비율 측정방법에 대한 연구

임종순(Lim, Jong-Soon),최영태(Choi, Young-Tae),용기중(Yong, Gee-Joong),권해붕(Kwon, Hae-Boung),이현우(Lee, Hyun-Woo),맹정열(Maeng, Jeong-Yoel) 한국신재생에너지학회 2009 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.06

Fuel consumption measurement of Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is considerably different form internal combustion engine vehicle such as carbon balance method. A practical method of fuel Consumption measurement has been developed for Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. There are three method of hydrogen fuel consumption testing, gravimetric, PVT(Pressure, Volume and temperature), and Coriolis mass flow, all of which necessitate physical measurements of the fuel supply. The purpose of this research is to measure the fuel consumption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on chassis-dynamometer and to give information when the research is intended to develop method to measure hydrogen fuel consumption.

COMBUSTION DEVELOPMENT OF A BI-FUEL ENGINE

O. S. ABIANEH,M. MIRSALIM2,F. OMMI 한국자동차공학회 2009 International journal of automotive technology Vol.10 No.1

Environmental improvement and energy issues are increasingly becoming more important as worldwide concerns. Natural gas is a good alternative fuel that can help to improve these issues because of its large quantity and clean burning characteristics. This paper provides the experimental performance results of a Bi-Fuel engine that uses Compressed Natural Gas as its Primary fuel and gasoline as its secondary fuel. This engine is a modification of the basic 1.4-liter gasoline engine. Generally, on the unmodified base engine, torque and power for CNG fuel are considerably lower than gasoline fuel. In this paper, the influence of fuels on wall temperature, performance and emissions are investigated. Environmental improvement and energy issues are increasingly becoming more important as worldwide concerns. Natural gas is a good alternative fuel that can help to improve these issues because of its large quantity and clean burning characteristics. This paper provides the experimental performance results of a Bi-Fuel engine that uses Compressed Natural Gas as its Primary fuel and gasoline as its secondary fuel. This engine is a modification of the basic 1.4-liter gasoline engine. Generally, on the unmodified base engine, torque and power for CNG fuel are considerably lower than gasoline fuel. In this paper, the influence of fuels on wall temperature, performance and emissions are investigated.