위험운전치사상죄의 구성요건요소 범위 확대에 관한 연구

이동임,김태계 서울시립대학교 서울시립대학교 법학연구소 2018 서울법학 Vol.26 No.3

The fatal driving style crime in Korea is supposed to apply when a person drives a car under the influence of alcohol or drugs and kills or inflict injuries on a pedestrian. It means that the fatal driving style crime is applicable only when a driver is under the influence of alcohol or drugs. But compared to the cases in Korea, this crime is widely applicable in Japan, including the cases such as ① driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, ② driving with uncontrollable high speed, ③ driving a car having no braking function, ④ Interfere with driving, ⑤ driving ignoring the blue signal, ⑥ driving on a prohibited road. The fatal driving style is highly likely to lead to high fatality, thus causing fatal damages to happen not only to the driver himself but also to the victims. Accordingly, it is necessary to expand the scope of applicability for this crime in Korea for stricter enforcement against the crime caused by the fatal driving style crime. If stricter application is made against this crime, drivers will give up their fatal driving style and potential drivers will also get warned. In the future, the scope of the applicability of the fatal driving style crime should be expanded to include ① speeding, ② driving ignoring the traffic signal, ③ Interfere with driving, ④ driving under sleepiness due to overwork, ⑤ unlicensed driving. 우리나라의 위험운전치사상죄는 음주 또는 약물의 영향으로 정상적인 운전이 곤란한 상태에서 자동차를 운전하다가 사고를 내 사람을 다치게 하거나 사망에 이르게 한 경우 성립한다. 따라서 위험운전치사상죄가 성립하기 위한 구성요건요소가 음주나 약물에 국한하고 있다. 이에 비해 일본은 ① 음주나 약물, ② 진행을 억제하기 곤란한 높은 속도, ③ 진행을 억제하는 기능이 없이 자동차 주행, ④ 방해운전, ⑤ 적색신호 무시한 운전, ⑥ 통행금지도로 운행 등 다양하다. 위험운전은 대형사고 발생 가능성이 높고, 사고 발생 시 자신뿐만 아니라, 상대방에 대해 치명적인 피해가 유발될 수 있다. 따라서 우리나라도 위험운전의 범위를 넓혀 위험운전으로 사고발생 시 엄벌화를 해야 한다. 이렇게 해야만 운전자는 위험운전을 하지 않을 것이고, 잠재적 운전자에게도 경각심을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위해서는 위험운전치사상죄의 구성요건요소를 현재 음주나 약물복용 운전 외에 ① 과속운전, ② 신호위반 운전, ③ 중대한 방해운전, ④ 과로로 졸음운전, ⑤ 무면허 운전 등으로 넓혀야 할 것이다.

일본 위험운전치사상죄의 개정현황과 그 시사점

김연주 ( Kim Yeon-joo ) 단국대학교 법학연구소 2017 법학논총 Vol.41 No.3

현대 산업기술의 발달과 더불어 경제발전에 견인차 역할을 한 교통의 발달은 우리 생활의 편의성을 높여 주었지만, 교통범죄의 피해자가 될 위험, 나아가 사고에 있어서 가해자가 될 가능성에도 적지 않게 노출 되도록 하였다. 이러한 교통범죄 중 특히 중요하며 대표적인 것은 바로 음주 또는 약물운전과 관련된 것이다. 이는 음주 또는 약물의 영향에 따라 그 인지능력 저하 등의 영향이 증가하여 결과발생에 있어서 더욱 심각한 피해 발생 우려가 다분하여 그 위험성이 상당히 높다. 이에 따라 한국은 음주운전으로 인한 피해에 엄중한 대처를 위하여 2007년 특정범죄가중처벌 등에 관한 법률 제5조11 위험운전치사상죄를 신설하였다. 한국보다 앞서 일본은 이미 2001년 형법 제208조의 2에 위험운전치사상죄에 대한 규정을 신설하였고, 이후 2013년 11월 27일 자동차운전사상행위처벌법이 공포되어 2014년 5월 20일에 시행되었다. 한국은 일본의 위험운전치사상죄에 상당한 영향을 받아 신설되어 일본과 마찬가지로 “위험운전”이라는 표현을 쓰면서도 그 내용적으로는 음주 및 약물운전에 대한 것만을 규정하고 있다. 이는 “위험”이라는 표현과 더불어 보다 다양한 유형으로 존재하는 일본의 위험운전치사상죄에 비하여 그 내용적 빈약성이 엿보이는 부분이다. 일본의 위험운전치사상죄는 신설 당시 비난 여론에 힘입어 성급히 추진되어 안정적인 것을 추구하며 변화에 신중한 태도를 보이는 일본스러운 침착함을 조금 잃고 그 부적응 및 부작용으로 비교적 빈번한 개정이 이어지는 것이 아닐까 싶기도 하다. 따라서 이는 일본의 위험운전치사상죄에 영향을 받은 한국의 위험운전치사상죄가 고려하여야 할 시사점이 될 것이다. 다시말해, 현재 한국의 위험운전치사상죄는 실효성 및 적용에 대한 논의가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 일단 “위험”이라는 표현이 들어가 있음에도 불구하고 위험운전치사상죄에는 음주와 약물의 영향으로 인한 부분만 있다. 뿐만 아니라 위험운전치사상죄와 음주운전과 같은 도로교통법상의 범죄는 나름의 상이성이 있음에도 불구하고 현재 일본의 위험운전치사상죄 상에서 나타나는 유형이 도로교통법 상에서 신설되는 양상을 보이고 있다. 이것은 위험운전치사상죄의 의미를 퇴색시키고 그 실효성을 저해하는 요인으로도 작용될 수 있다. 따라서 위험한 운전으로 인한 사상사고에 대한 효과적이고 합리적인 대처를 위해서는 위험운전치사상죄에 대하여 보다 더 근본적이고 충분한 검토와 심도 깊은 논의를 바탕으로 하는 것이 적절할 것으로 판단된다. The development of transportation, which served as a driving force for economic development along with the development of modern industrial technology, improved the convenience of our lives but exposed us to the danger of becoming victims or perpetrators in traffic accidents. Among the traffic crimes, the most prevalent is related to driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. The influence of drinking and drugs lowers the cognitive ability, leading to more serious results in accidents. Accordingly, to strictly handle the accidents resulting from drunk driving, the Korean government established the crime of fatal driving style, Article 5 Section 11 of Additional Punishment Law on Specific Crimes in 2007. Prior to Korea, Japan had already established a provision for the crime of fatal driving in Article 208 Section 2 of the criminal code in 2001, and the Act on the Punishment of Fatal Driving was established in November 2013 and was enacted on May 20, 2014. With the influence of Japan’s crime of fatal driving, Korea uses the term ‘fatal driving’ as Japan but regulates only driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs. With the use of the term ‘fatal’, the Korean act is incomprehensive compared to Japanese law, which includes various types of crimes. Rather than taking the typical Japanese way of pursuing stability and being careful in making changes, the law was pushed forward hurriedly by public opinion so there is a concern that it may lead to frequent revisions due to maladjustment and side effects. Therefore, this would be something that should be considered in applying the Korean act on the crime of fatal driving style. In other words, it seems necessary to discuss the effectiveness and application of Korea’s crime of fatal driving style. Despite the word ‘fatal’, the crime of fatal driving style only includes the influence of alcohol and drugs. In addition, crimes related to traffic laws such as the crime of fatal driving style and drunken driving are different from each other but the newly made provisions are from the laws that are seen in Japan’s crime of fatal driving style. This can also serve as a factor to fade the meaning of the crime of fatal driving style and impair its effectiveness. Therefore, in order to effectively and rationally cope with accidents caused by risky driving, it would be appropriate to have a more fundamental and thorough examination and in-depth discussion of the crime of fatal driving style.

Driver’s Preference to Driving Styles of Automated Vehicles

Seong Yong Bae(배성용),Gui Young Kim(김귀영),Cherin Lim(임채린),Seul Chan Lee(이슬찬) 대한인간공학회 2021 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

Objective: This study aims to investigate the preference of drivers towards driving styles of automated vehicles (AVs). Background: It is expected that AVs will change the future driving journey. In the context of AV, the primary focus changes from driving to user experience in the vehicle. As the automated driving system will take the role of driving tasks, how they control the vehicle is important to build user experience in a driving journey. Method: Subjective preferences to a different type of AV’s driving styles (aggressive and defensive) were investigated through an online survey. The participants were asked to answer their preference for different driving styles of AVs in nineteen driving situations. Results: The results showed that people prefer defensive driving styles of AVs regardless of their own driving styles. Conclusion: In this study, the participants showed conservative attitudes towards AV’s driving. This result may come from the perception of the current level of automated driving systems. It should be investigated further considering various driving situations. Application: The findings of the present study will contribute to the design of driving styles of AVs.

Effects of driving style and bedding in pigs transported to slaughterhouse in different temperatures

송동철,Ji Hwan Lee,Kangheung Kim,Min Ho Song,오한진,Se Yeon Chang,Jae Woo An,Sehyun Park,Kyeongho Jeon,김현범,조진호 한국축산학회 2023 한국축산학회지 Vol.65 No.4

Animal welfare during transport became an largely issue because of increasing demand for improved animal welfare standards. Most studies on the animal welfare during transportation have concentrated on the atmosphere and the temperature of the truck compartments. Thus, the objective of study was to collect and quantify three axis acceleration and determine the effect of bedding for transporting pigs from farm to slaughterhouse. A total of 2,840 crossbred fattening pigs with a live weight of approximately 115 kg were used. They were raised in the same commercial farms and transported to the same commercial slaughterhouse. A 3×2×2 completely randomized factorial design was used to investigate effects of rubber type bedding (bedding or non-bedding) and two levels of driving style (aggressive or normal) in three different time periods with different outside temperatures. Air temperature treatments were as follow: high temperature ([HT] higher than 24℃); low temperature ([LT] lower than 10℃); normal temperature ([NT] 10℃ to 24℃). In our experiment, pigs transported under aggressive driving style showed lower (p < 0.05) pH and water holding capacity (WHC) than those transported under normal driving style. Pigs transported under normal driving style showed a lower percentage of drip loss (DL) (p < 0.05) than those transported with an aggressive driving style. Also, transported with bedding showed higher (p < 0.05) lying behavior but lower (p < 0.05) sitting behavior than those transported without bedding. Pigs transported under normal driving style showed lower (p < 0.05) cortisol level than those transported under aggressive driving style. In conclusion, aggressive driving style cause acute stress in pigs, while bedding helps alleviate acute stress in pigs during transportation in LT.

Questionnaire measures of attitudes and driving behaviour

S.M. Skippon,N. Reed,T. Luke,R. Robbins,M. Chattington 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.2008 No.9

Self-report questionnaire measures of driving behaviour and attitudes are used to study aspects of driving, driver stress and coping strategies, in order, for example, to identify possible predictors of accident risk and driving style. Participants typically complete such questionnaires by reflecting on their recent driving history. In this study the relationship between questionnaire measures and driving style was investigated by comparing questionnaire scores with actual driving in a driving simulator. Participants completed four experimental drives on simulated U.K. rural roads, in both relaxed and time-pressured situations. A wide range of aspects of their driving behaviour were recorded, including mean and maximum speeds, mean RPM, maximum brake position, standard deviation of lateral position and time spent out of lane. Participants also completed the Driver Stress Index (DSI), Driver Coping Questionnaire (DCQ), Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ), and the Positive Driver Behavior Scale (PDBS). Correlations were found between several measures associated with a faster driving style in the simulator, and the Aggression and Thrill Seeking dimensions of the DSI, the Confrontive Coping dimension of the DCQ, and the Violations dimension of the DBQ. The results suggest that self-report questionnaire measures of driving behaviour and attitudes may be useful predictors of actual driving style, and they contribute to the external validity of driving simulation.

자율주행차량의 설명 효과에 의한 사용자의 주관적 반응 탐구: 운전 성향과 위험도를 중심으로

서동학(Donghak Seo),김상연(Sangyeon Kim),이상원(Sangwon Lee) 대한인간공학회 2019 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

Objective: This study aims to examine explanation effects on users" subjective responses focusing on a driving style and risk severity in autonomous driving. Background: An autonomous vehicle can distract users" attention to the hazardous situation. Previous researchers have emphasized a feedback system to support situation awareness. However, the negative effects on user experience can be induced from an explanation without both environmental context and users" driving style. Method: The experiment was conducted to explore the effects on users" subjective responses among three factors: explanation type, risk severity, driving style. First, we classified driving styles into aggressive and defensive styles via clustering method. Second, we tested the statistical significance of the three factors. Results: First, aggressive users showed more positive responses when they received only "why" information. Defensive users showed more positive responses when they received both "why" and "how.’ Second, users in the high-risk situation preferred the explanation about ‘why.’ users in the low-risk situation preferred the explanation about both ‘why" and "how.’ Conclusion: According to the results, we conclude an explanation considering users’ driving style and risk severity can increase user experience on the autonomous vehicle. Application: Therefore, this study has an implication to suggest a guideline for a personalized interface on autonomous vehicles.

위험운전치사상죄와 음주운전죄의 관계

김형준(Hyung Joon Kim) 중앙법학회 2009 中央法學 Vol.11 No.2

In the case in question, the korean supreme court asserts that each statute considers "drunken driving" and "the offense of dangerous driving resulting in injury or death" different from each other based on the purpose of the legislations and provisions that is alleged to have a kind of structural difference. Nonetheless, the case is not proper based on the following reasons. Following the purpose of legislation or the contents or words, "the offense of dangerous driving resulting in injury or death" has it certain that it first protects human`s body or life and secondly guards the safety of transportation because it presupposes the high danger of transportation. Therefore, the supreme court`s position that distinguishes two crimes based on the legislative purpose or legal interest for two crimes, is not proper. Second, as long as "the additional punishment act on specific crimes" excludes driving outside of a regular road for the offense of dangerous driving resulting in injury or death, it is not appropriate that the meaning of driving for the offense of the dangerous driving resulting in injury or death is more broadly interpreted than that for offense of drunken driving. Third, courts decide the cases for the meaning of "the impossible condition of normal driving" simply based on blood alcohol concentration but without consideration of specific driving capability. This understanding leads to the conclusion that hard condition for driving is equal to driving under the influence of alcohol. Nonetheless, the case contradictorily understands that normal driving is impossible under the categorical number of the blood alcohol concentration over 0.05%. In conclusion, the aggravated offense of drunken driving should be absorbed into the offense of dangerous driving resulting in injury or death and cannot stand as an independent offense, because the offense of dangerous driving resulting presuppose the offense of drunken driving as a basic offense. Most of all, if two crimes are treated as different crimes, it results in too excessive punishment in comparison with a degree of legitimacy of criminal activity and also can be a violation of double jeopardy. This kind of decision that can violate the double jeopardy clause in disfavor of double jeopardy will be in violation of the principle of legality. The offense of dangerous driving resulting in injury or death, the offense of drunken driving, the offense of occupational negligence resulting in injury or death, joinder, the traffic accident act, the road traffic act.

주취운전의 형사책임 : 원인에 있어서 자유로운 행위를 중심으로

이정훈 ( Jung Hoon Lee ) 한국경찰법학회 2009 경찰법연구 Vol.7 No.2

In this article, I have reviewed the issues about the liability of drunken driving including theories and judicial precedents. According to legislator and case, traffic accidents by drunken driving should be regarded as the case which is not remissive for criminal responsibility. For exemple, when it can be applied to the crime of fugitive from drunken driving or the crime of fatal driving style, it is not accepted by the clause ‘actio libera in causa’ in Criminal Act. Futhermore, even if someone is notdrunken, he does not consent to test of alcohol, he will be punished as the crime of refusal balloon test. 102) In general Driving While Intoxicated is regarded as the behavior of prohibition. Somany strong legislation is made to prevent drunken driving. But it may lead to the revival of the Volstead Act if drivers are punished of drinking though he can drive without abnormal mental state. I think that strengthening the criminal responsibility of Driving While Intoxicated is only one of themeasure, it will not be used for shrinking the sound drinking culture and leading to limited interpretation that mentally or physically incompetence is not applied to Drunken driving.

적응순항제어시스템의 운전자 행동적응

이운성(Woon-Sung Lee),김영석(Young-Suk Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.14 No.6

The study investigated how an adaptive cruise control system induced behavioral adaptation in drivers using a full-scale driving simulator. Forty drivers with different driving styles participated in the study to compare headway-time, vehicle lateral position variation, and head and eye movement when driving with and without the adaptive cruise control system. Results showed that system induced positive behavioral adaptation by drawing consistency in driving speed and headway-time regardless of the driving styles. However, the results also showed that the drivers' reliance on the system induced negative adaptation including reduced lane keeping ability and reduced attention during driving. As a strategy to prevent negative adaptation, the study proposed information service to drivers with the adaptive cruise control system status and driving environment, and investigated effectiveness of the service. Twelve drivers participated in the experiment to compare headway-time, vehicle lateral position variation and subjective ratings when driving with and without the information service. Results showed that the information service assisted the drivers to maintain safer and more comfortable headway-time without impairing drivers' steering ability.

자율주행 운전 방식의 인지된 개인화가 신뢰도와 이용의도에 미치는 영향

김택수,최준호 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2019 한국디지털콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.20 No.3

이 연구는 자율주행차의 운전방식에 대한 인지된 개인화가 신뢰도와 사용성에 영향을 주는지 확인하고자 하였다. 실험 참가자는 시뮬레이터를 사용해 먼저 수동주행을 한 후 각각 개인화 메시지가 주어진 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우의 자율주행 체험을 하도록 했다. 실험결과 자동화 신뢰도와 이용의도, 만족도 차원에서 자율 주행 운전 방식 개인화의 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 운전자의 운전 방식 성향과 신뢰도 및 사용성 간의 상관관계는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 이 연구를 통해 운전 방식 개인화가 자율주행차의 수용에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 자율주행차의 개인화된 서비스의 필요성을 시사하는 점에서 실무적 의의가 있다. This study is to investigate the effect on user trust and usability of perceived personalization of autonomous vehicle driving style. In experiment, the participant used the simulator to perform the manual driving first, and then experienced autonomous driving with personalized message was given or not, respectively. Experimental results show that perceived personalization of driving style of autonomous vehicle has positive effects on trust in automation, intention to use, and satisfaction. However, there was little correlation between driver 's propensity to drive and user trust and usability of autonomous vehicle. The results show that personalization of driving style affects the acceptance of autonomous vehicle positively and suggests the necessity of personalized service of autonomous vehicle.