성숙단계에 있는 작가 레지던시 프로그램의 확산마케팅에 관한 연구

한지원(Han, Ji-won),전인수(Jeon, In-soo) 한국문화산업학회 2016 문화산업연구 Vol.16 No.2

작가 복지제도의 하나로 탄생한 ARP(artist residency program)가 국내에 도입된 지도 30년이 지나 이젠 성년이다. 성년이면 꽃을 피워야 함에도 오히려 쇠락의 조짐을 보이고 있다. ARP의 역사가 100년이 넘는 미국은 꾸준히 증가추세를 보이고 있어 대조를 이룬다. 연구자들은 이점에 착안하여 ARP를 확산하는 마케팅을 연구하기로 한 것이다. 도입 후 30년이 지났기 때문에 기존의 확산이론에 근거한 모델은 한계가 있다고 보아 단절이론과 태도이론으로 보완한 ARP마케팅모델을 만들어 잠재작가인 미술대학 대학원학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 모델을 검증하였다. 검증결과 두 가지 흥미로운 점을 발견하였다. 시장도입 초기가 아닌 30년이 지난 현 시점에서도 잠재작가를 대상으로 할 때는 Rogers가 혁신의 속성으로 제안한 5가지 중 4가지가 여전히 유의미함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 사회제도 확산마케팅에서는 초기뿐만 아니라 성숙단계에 접어들었더라도 유의미하다고 할 수 있었다. 다만 30년이 지났기 때문에 Rogers의 원래 모델과는 달리 단절이론과 태도이론으로 보완될 때 확산이론에 근거한 마케팅모델은 더 유의미함을 연구결과는 말하고 있다. Artist residency programs(ARP) as an artist welfare policy has been in Korea for nearly 30 years. According to the product life cycle, aged 30s usually set in mature stages, but the number of ARP in Korea has recently been decreasing. On the contrast, the number of ARP in USA has steadily been increasing since its first adoption. This different phenomenon brought our attention and intrigued us to study ARP diffusion marketing. In this study, we presented the ARP marketing model based on three theories: Rogers" diffusion theory, Moore"s chasm theory, and Fishbein"s attitude theory. We also conducted a survey on graduate school students majoring in Fine Arts. Consequently, the result showed that among the five kinds of perceived innovation attributes of ARP, relative advantage, compatibility, observability, and complexity(-) significantly influenced on positive behavioral intention. This suggests that social programs" diffusion marketing models can be effectively designed even in mature stages, not merely in early stages. Moreover, this influence was significantly mediated by attitude and perceived gain. This indicates that in mature stages, social programs" diffusion marketing models can be modified pertaining to the chasm theory and the attitude theory. 작가 복지제도의 하나로 탄생한 ARP(artist residency program)가 국내에 도입된 지도 30년이 지나 이젠 성년이다. 성년이면 꽃을 피워야 함에도 오히려 쇠락의 조짐을 보이고 있다. ARP의 역사가 100년이 넘는 미국은 꾸준히 증가추세를 보이고 있어 대조를 이룬다. 연구자들은 이점에 착안하여 ARP를 확산하는 마케팅을 연구하기로 한 것이다. 도입 후 30년이 지났기 때문에 기존의 확산이론에 근거한 모델은 한계가 있다고 보아 단절이론과 태도이론으로 보완한 ARP마케팅모델을 만들어 잠재작가인 미술대학 대학원학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 모델을 검증하였다. 검증결과 두 가지 흥미로운 점을 발견하였다. 시장도입 초기가 아닌 30년이 지난 현 시점에서도 잠재작가를 대상으로 할 때는 Rogers가 혁신의 속성으로 제안한 5가지 중 4가지가 여전히 유의미함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 사회제도 확산마케팅에서는 초기뿐만 아니라 성숙단계에 접어들었더라도 유의미하다고 할 수 있었다. 다만 30년이 지났기 때문에 Rogers의 원래 모델과는 달리 단절이론과 태도이론으로 보완될 때 확산이론에 근거한 마케팅모델은 더 유의미함을 연구결과는 말하고 있다. Artist residency programs(ARP) as an artist welfare policy has been in Korea for nearly 30 years. According to the product life cycle, aged 30s usually set in mature stages, but the number of ARP in Korea has recently been decreasing. On the contrast, the number of ARP in USA has steadily been increasing since its first adoption. This different phenomenon brought our attention and intrigued us to study ARP diffusion marketing. In this study, we presented the ARP marketing model based on three theories: Rogers" diffusion theory, Moore"s chasm theory, and Fishbein"s attitude theory. We also conducted a survey on graduate school students majoring in Fine Arts. Consequently, the result showed that among the five kinds of perceived innovation attributes of ARP, relative advantage, compatibility, observability, and complexity(-) significantly influenced on positive behavioral intention. This suggests that social programs" diffusion marketing models can be effectively designed even in mature stages, not merely in early stages. Moreover, this influence was significantly mediated by attitude and perceived gain. This indicates that in mature stages, social programs" diffusion marketing models can be modified pertaining to the chasm theory and the attitude theory.

Diffusion kinetics governing the diffusivity and diffusion anisotropy of alloying anodes in Na-ion batteries

Park, Jun-Hyoung,Choi, Yong-Seok,Byeon, Young-Woon,Ahn, Jae-Pyoung,Lee, Jae-Chul unknown 2019 Nano energy Vol.65 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Diffusion in alloying anode materials was previously viewed as solute diffusion in conventional alloys. However, solute diffusion, neglecting the presence of a thin intermediate reaction layer between the unreacted anode material and inflowing carrier ions, is insufficient to account for the diffusion kinetics in alloying anodes and their influence on the electrochemical properties of batteries. Here, by performing a comparative study on Na-Sb and Na-Sn battery systems displaying differing diffusion kinetics, we establish the relationship between diffusion kinetics and electrochemical properties for batteries. <I>In situ</I> microelectrochemical experiments show that sodiation in Na-Sb and Na-Sn systems is governed by an interface-controlled reaction (ICR) and a diffusion-controlled reaction (DCR), respectively, causing them to display significantly different diffusion rates, diffusion anisotropy, and possibly self-limiting diffusion of carrier ions. Density functional theory calculations are performed to elucidate the structural origin of the observed diffusion behaviors. It is found that the different degrees of structural stability evaluated for the propagating interfaces of the two systems are responsible for the differing diffusion kinetics, which in turn determine the respective diffusion rates and diffusion anisotropy of the anode materials. The present study provides crude yet quantitative guidelines for selecting battery materials and can be used to develop fast-charging batteries with high stability and improved cycle life.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Relationship between diffusion kinetics and electrochemical properties of alloying anodes is established. </LI> <LI> Diffusion behaviors and associated diffusion kinetics of Sb and Sn anodes are explored using <I>in situ</I> sodiation experiments. </LI> <LI> First-principles calculations are conducted to elucidate the structural origins of the observed diffusion behaviors. </LI> <LI> Systems obeying diffusion-controlled reaction generally display faster diffusion rates and isotropic diffusion. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

THE EFFECT OF POP CULTURE INVOLVEMENT ON DESTINATION IMAGE FORMATION AND ITS PERCEPTION : FOCUSED ON GLOBAL DIFFUSION PROCESS OF KOREAN WAVE

Haesung Whang,Ting Zhang,Sung Hwa Yong,Eunju Ko 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

All aspects of individual consumer as well as situational affecting on decisions are influenced by the social and cultural structure in which the consumer is embedded. Recently, there has been a growing worldwide phenomenon whereby tourists visit an attraction or destination as a result of that place being portrayed or represented in the popular cultural forms of the media that are not directly related with tourism promotion or marketing. A number of studies have suggested that such portrayals and features of mass media can act as powerful forces that stimulate tourism demand (Beeton, 2001). Representations and images of tourist destinations constructed by popular cultural forms of media such as films, television and literature play a significant role in influencing people’s holiday decision-making process (Iwashita, 2006). Where trade in images, expectations, dreams, and fantasies are made in tourism (Selwyn, 1996), those media representations and images of tourist destinations play a significant role in influencing people’s decision-making process. The tourism industry also is increasing appliance of images that are drawn from popular culture associated with places to promote tourist destinations and to distinguish themselves from each other. While these researches contribute to the understanding of the influence of pop culture on tourism phenomena, only few studies have investigated on the actual linkage between the pop culture and tourism perceptions/behaviors. The reason why pop culture involvement can be related to the actual intention to visit is due to the fandom created relating to the pop culture. The notion of fandom has been put forward in order to understand the link in between the pop culture and the mass audience in diverse realms (Couldry, 2007). Fandom in recent years have been understood to dismiss the negative view of pathological and the stem for alienating qualities of modern society, and accepted as a phenomena widely spread in post-industrial societies (Jenson, 1992). It is then when transitional moment takes place, in the head and heart of the fan or tourist, that the fascination begins which provides the motivation to visit the locations (Reijnders, 2011). With such cultural industries in modern society constantly produce countless contents that can be utilized as objects of fandom, resulting in actual visit to a place associated with a specific destination serving as an effective strategy for building popular cultural capital in modern society. It was therefore decided to investigate this phenomenon in more depth through empirical research to investigate how and to what extent popular cultural forms of the media (those not directly associated with tourism and destination marketing) have an effect on international tourism, and future, to identify what roles they play in influencing tourists from emerging market in terms of their travel destination image and their perception about places to visit within the chosen destination. The phenomenon in this study focuses on the Korean wave, so called Hallyu, as it is one of the pop culture phenomenon that has gained much recognition across not only within Asian countries but also recently in Western countries via pop songs, soap operas, movies, and other forms of mass media entertainment. In this study, diffusion model suggested by Rogers (1995) was used. The diffusion of Rogers’s innovation framework is proving flexible enough to conceptualize many kinds of social change, including change through processes of public dialogue and civic participation, change within organizations, as well as change through public agenda setting and media effects. Many studies have incorporated diffusion theory to explain such cultural phenomenon to gain more enrich result, however, no other studies have looked into the degree of diffusion stage in a macro level according to the regions. However, to obtain the overall view of the diffusion of such pop culture, it is needed to see the diffusion process proceeding globally as even the same fandom may differ in characteristics based on not only the diffusion stage but also its distinctive characteristics of social system. As a result, according to the diffusion stage of Hallyu, it is expected to differ in formation and perception on destination image. Previous studies identify destination image into cognition and affect which are two conceptually different, yet highly correlated components (Lee, 2008). The cognitive component leading to some internally accepted attributes, a more or less derived from factual information. On the other hand, the affective component relates to a diffusive feeling, which can become important when a decision to travel is actually considered (Russel, 1980). Such image constructed by tourists contains an individual or group perception of a particular place (Fakeye and Crompton 1991). It is expected that the image construction will vary according to the stage of the diffusion. This study incorporates diffusion theory to develop a better understanding of the diffusion process and the current situation of the Korean Wave globally to see whether such diffusion process varies according to region. Then, the effect of such difference in diffusion stages on the intention to visit the destination country was investigated. Thus, preliminary research was conducted first to see the Korean Wave phenomenon globally. In order to analyze the diffusion stage thoroughly, three regions of Asia, America, and Europe were selected. According to the diffusion degree of the Korean wave, seven representative countries were elected regarded to the regions. Along with literatures, in-depth interviews were conducted. The semi-structured form with an interview guide method was presented with reflexive interviewing techniques in order to ensure comprehensiveness (Athos & Gabarro, 1978). Then, a survey was conducted to examine the effect of pop culture involvement on formation and perception of destination image in China and Russia. Choice of countries is not only resulting from recognition as the potential future powerhouse in industry, but because it is the two countries take place as one of the highest increase in the number of tourists visiting Korea recently (KCTI, 2013). In addition, most importantly, China represents to be in the highest stage of diffusion of Korean pop culture, and Russia as one of the lowest. Additionally, the moderating effect of travel intention and travel behavior was preceded. From this, it aims to provide deeper understanding implications for targeting tourists. The hypotheses were tested with a data set developed from field survey using only online survey. Of the 265 samples collected, 8 were returned incomplete. An additional 18 samples were deleted for further analysis, as the answers were unusable. In total 239 samples – 120 and 119 samples from China and Russia respectively – were subjected for final analysis. The result in Study 1 revealed some commonalities and differences among regions. Overall, uniqueness was what made people first be interested. It was mostly pursued by young women yet those who are sometimes extremist. Thus, being open-minded to other cultures was found to be important when accepting other cultures. Moreover, it revealed that it impacts on national image to be more positive as it replaces the negative image related to war and North Korea. However, despite some commonalities, distinctive differences were disclosed among regions, especially between Asian countries and Western countries. In terms of Asia, it was found that cultural similarities have influenced the early acceptance of Korean pop culture. It has been spread since 1997, through television mostly with sensuous contents that were unique in other countries. The contents were mostly appealing to women as the characters shown in soap opera were different to others. This is very different to Europe of America where the diffusion starting in the mid 2000 through the Internet. Uniqueness captured consumers, yet in a different way from Asian countries. The easy going and entertaining aspect was the appealing factor, with word of mouth and human power was what influenced in introduction of Korean pop culture. In addition, those who were into Japanese culture were easily approached to Korean pop culture. The diffusion stage was considered to be less than 10%, with very young women interested with comparison with Asia where it was about 70%. Moreover, it was found that Asian consumers are interested in Korean brand products, such as cosmetics and clothing, and Western consumers are more interested in culture and food. Then, on the survey proceeded where China and Russia was chosen based on the preliminary qualitative research as a two different stage of diffusion according regions/countries, t-test provided evidence to support the claim that depending the diffusion stage of pop culture, the effect on formation and perception of destination image differs. A significant differences were obtained in pop culture involvement, destination image (cognitive and affective), and on visit intention. Based on the t-test statistics for Korean pop culture involvement (t = 8.491, p < .000), the cognitive image (t = -3.341, p < .001), the affective image (t = 2.050, p < .05), and visit intention (t = 2.072, p < .05) were significant. Thus, when highly involved in Korean pop culture, rather than cognitive image, consumers are more likely to be involved with affective image which relates to the actual visit intention. The results corroborated several hypothesized relationships, popular culture involvement in accordance to nation affect the destination image and perception. When more highly involved, more positively it relates to affective image and the visitation intention. The findings reported in this study have managerial implications. One is that as the relation differs according to the diffusion stage, spreading pop culture may not yield visible output instantly, yet as it relates to the actual visitation intention, international pop culture activities should be supported. Second, as shown from the diffusion process globally, distinctive characteristics of each culture should be considered more when spreading such sub-culture. Lastly, therefore, it can be suggested, that according to the countries, different approach should be made in order to induce tourist from other countries. However, this study focuses more on the macro level of the phenomenon. Therefore, future research is needed to provide more evidence on the micro level and more in-depth research. In addition, this study precedes empirical study only in China and Russia. Therefore, more diverse countries should be explored and compared.

THE EFFECT OF POP CULTURE INVOLVEMENT ON DESTINATION IMAGE FORMATION AND ITS PERCEPTION : FOCUSED ON GLOBAL DIFFUSION PROCESS OF KOREAN WAVE

Haesung Whang,Ting Zhang,Sung Hwa Yong,Eunju Ko 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.2

All aspects of individual consumer as well as situational affecting on decisions are influenced by the social and cultural structure in which the consumer is embedded. Recently, there has been a growing worldwide phenomenon whereby tourists visit an attraction or destination as a result of that place being portrayed or represented in the popular cultural forms of the media that are not directly related with tourism promotion or marketing. A number of studies have suggested that such portrayals and features of mass media can act as powerful forces that stimulate tourism demand (Beeton, 2001). Representations and images of tourist destinations constructed by popular cultural forms of media such as films, television and literature play a significant role in influencing people’s holiday decision-making process (Iwashita, 2006). Where trade in images, expectations, dreams, and fantasies are made in tourism (Selwyn, 1996), those media representations and images of tourist destinations play a significant role in influencing people’s decision-making process. The tourism industry also is increasing appliance of images that are drawn from popular culture associated with places to promote tourist destinations and to distinguish themselves from each other. While these researches contribute to the understanding of the influence of pop culture on tourism phenomena, only few studies have investigated on the actual linkage between the pop culture and tourism perceptions/behaviors. The reason why pop culture involvement can be related to the actual intention to visit is due to the fandom created relating to the pop culture. The notion of fandom has been put forward in order to understand the link in between the pop culture and the mass audience in diverse realms (Couldry, 2007). Fandom in recent years have been understood to dismiss the negative view of pathological and the stem for alienating qualities of modern society, and accepted as a phenomena widely spread in post-industrial societies (Jenson, 1992). It is then when transitional moment takes place, in the head and heart of the fan or tourist, that the fascination begins which provides the motivation to visit the locations (Reijnders, 2011). With such cultural industries in modern society constantly produce countless contents that can be utilized as objects of fandom, resulting in actual visit to a place associated with a specific destination serving as an effective strategy for building popular cultural capital in modern society. It was therefore decided to investigate this phenomenon in more depth through empirical research to investigate how and to what extent popular cultural forms of the media (those not directly associated with tourism and destination marketing) have an effect on international tourism, and future, to identify what roles they play in influencing tourists from emerging market in terms of their travel destination image and their perception about places to visit within the chosen destination. The phenomenon in this study focuses on the Korean wave, so called Hallyu, as it is one of the pop culture phenomenon that has gained much recognition across not only within Asian countries but also recently in Western countries via pop songs, soap operas, movies, and other forms of mass media entertainment. In this study, diffusion model suggested by Rogers (1995) was used. The diffusion of Rogers’s innovation framework is proving flexible enough to conceptualize many kinds of social change, including change through processes of public dialogue and civic participation, change within organizations, as well as change through public agenda setting and media effects. Many studies have incorporated diffusion theory to explain such cultural phenomenon to gain more enrich result, however, no other studies have looked into the degree of diffusion stage in a macro level according to the regions. However, to obtain the overall view of the diffusion of such pop culture, it is needed to see the diffusion process proceeding globally as even the same fandom may differ in characteristics based on not only the diffusion stage but also its distinctive characteristics of social system. As a result, according to the diffusion stage of Hallyu, it is expected to differ in formation and perception on destination image. Previous studies identify destination image into cognition and affect which are two conceptually different, yet highly correlated components (Lee, 2008). The cognitive component leading to some internally accepted attributes, a more or less derived from factual information. On the other hand, the affective component relates to a diffusive feeling, which can become important when a decision to travel is actually considered (Russel, 1980). Such image constructed by tourists contains an individual or group perception of a particular place (Fakeye and Crompton 1991). It is expected that the image construction will vary according to the stage of the diffusion. This study incorporates diffusion theory to develop a better understanding of the diffusion process and the current situation of the Korean Wave globally to see whether such diffusion process varies according to region. Then, the effect of such difference in diffusion stages on the intention to visit the destination country was investigated. Thus, preliminary research was conducted first to see the Korean Wave phenomenon globally. In order to analyze the diffusion stage thoroughly, three regions of Asia, America, and Europe were selected. According to the diffusion degree of the Korean wave, seven representative countries were elected regarded to the regions. Along with literatures, in-depth interviews were conducted. The semi-structured form with an interview guide method was presented with reflexive interviewing techniques in order to ensure comprehensiveness (Athos & Gabarro, 1978). Then, a survey was conducted to examine the effect of pop culture involvement on formation and perception

민속예술 비교연구의 준거와 비교모형 설정

임재해(Lim Jae-Hae) 비교민속학회 2008 비교민속학 Vol.0 No.36

A comparative study on folk are is classified into six according to purpose, target and relation. For the purpose, there is a comparative study on A)diffusion theory and B)corresponding theory, for the target there is a comparative study on C)culture theory and D)work theory, and according to the researcher and relation there is a comparative study on E)ethnocentrism and F)cultural relativism. An advisable comparative study should be proceeded from A) to B), and E) to F), but a comparative study on C) and D) must be done together. A work theory cannot be excluded in the comparative study on folk art. Meanwhile diffusion theory of comparative study did not meet reference and theoretical principle of a diffusion theory, and it even did not consider cultural and ecological difference by burying in tradition theory. In order to overcome this limit, a new comparativism establishes a comparison model that can coherently study from comprehensive comparison to microscopic comparison. This study established a ‘comparison model for nomadic and agricultural culture’ based on experience of the precedent study. Same and different characteristics between the northern culture and our culture can be grasped and the reasons can be explained. Therefore there is a limitation in propagating influence theory or tradition theory with partial homogeneity without considering ecological reference and cultural context. The bigger problem is not comparing the work itself well propagating tradition theory of the folk art. In art, the work itself is as important as cultural context. However for the case of a masque dance, the northern culture tradition theory is propagated as if came from Mongol without comparing. Masks of Mongol are mostly related with animals like deer, yak, and bird, but in comparison Korean masks are mainly about men. It’s very much comparative animal masks and masque dance of Ongod religion which is based on richness of pasturage is in contrast with human masks and masque dance of religions related with agricultural Gods which is based on richness of agriculture. A ‘nomadic and agricultural comparison model’ has a persuasive point. A diffusion theory is on the assumption of order and superiority of culture, but it is hard to apply this theoretical premise to the Mongolian masque dance and the Korean masque dance. Because there is no evidence that the Mongolian masque dance is superior or precedent than the Korean masque dance. Since a ‘nomadic and agricultural comparison model’ is based on cultural and ecological reference, the two cultures should be examined equally and analyzed with cultural relativism. Therefore, the purpose of a comparative study can be attained by setting a comparison model in a new comparative point of view and comparing the two cultures equally.

확산이론(Theory of diffusion)에 근거한 혁신학교 확산 의미 탐색: 경기도 S시 혁신학교 질적 사례 연구

권순정,유주영,유성상,유성상 한국교육정치학회 2016 敎育政治學硏究 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 혁신학교 확산의 의미를 탐색하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구를 위해 연구자들은 질적 사례연구에 기초하여 경기도 S시에서 6개월에 걸쳐 진행한 현장연구 자료를 기술·분석하였다. 수집된 자료를 해석하는 도구로 Rogers의 확산이론을 개념적 틀로 설정하였다. 본 연구에서는 혁신학교 개혁을 정책적 차원, 학교운영 차원, 수업교수 차원으로 구분하여 주제를 생성하였다. 생성된 주제분석을 통해 혁신학교 경험자들이 느끼는 상당히 강한 상대적 이점에도 불구하고 정책적으로나 학교운영 및 수업교수 차원에서 개혁의 적합성보다는 복잡성이 가중되고 있는 점과 기존관행과 입시체제에 따라 발생된 낮은 시험가능성과 관찰가능성에 대해 논의하였다. 이를 통해, 혁신학교 확산의 의미는 전체적인 학교문화가 변화하는 점진적인 과정으로 공교육 개혁으로서의 적합성을 찾아가는 과정임을 알 수 있었으며, 이에 따라 혁신학교 확산의 시점에 대한 제고의 필요성을 다시금 주장하였다. This study aims to explore the meaning of diffusion of innovative schools. In doing so, six-month fieldwork was conducted in S city, Gyeonggi province and the data collected were described and analyzed based on qualitative case study. The theory of diffusion by Rogers was used as a conceptual framework in this study. Using the theory as a tool to interpret the data, we generated themes based on three categories – policy, school management and pedagogy. Through data analysis, we discussed the increased level of complexity despite the strong sense of relative advantage. And also we pointed out the low level of triability and obeservability of innovation due to traditional practices and test-oriented education system. From these findings, we were able to learn that the meaning of diffusion of innovative schools is a gradual process of transforming the school culture, thus it is a way to search for compatibility as innovation in public education. Finally, we urged the needs of reconsideration on the juncture of diffusion of innovative schools.

A new approach for calculation of the neutron noise of power reactor based on Telegrapher's theory: Theoretical and comparison study between Telegrapher's and diffusion noise

Bahrami, Mona,Vosoughi, Naser Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.4

The telegrapher's theory was used to develop a new formulation for the neutron noise equation. Telegrapher's equation is supposed to demonstrate a more realistic approximation for neutron transport phenomena, especially in comparison to the diffusion theory. The physics behind such equation implies that the signal propagation speed is finite, instead of the infinite as in the case of ordinary diffusion. This paper presents the theory and results of the development of a new method for calculation of the neutron noise using the telegrapher's equation as its basis. In order to investigate the differences and strengths of the new method against the diffusion based neutron noise, a comparison was done between the behaviors of two methods. The neutron noise based on SN transport considered as a precision measuring point. The Green's function technique was used to calculate the neutron noise based on telegrapher's and diffusion methods as well as the transport. The amplitude and phase of Green's function associated with the properties of the medium and frequency of the noise source were obtained and their behavior was compared to the results of the transport. It was observed, the differences in some cases might be considerable. The effective speed of propagation for the noise perturbations were evaluated accordingly, resulting in considerable deviations in some cases.

정치적 및 상징적 효율성이 관리혁신의 확산에 미치는 영향과 이들에 대한 조절요인에 대한 연구

이경묵(Kyungmook Lee),박미혜(Mihye Park) 한국인사ㆍ조직학회 2009 인사조직연구 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구에서는 제도이론의 관점을 활용하여 관리혁신의 속성인 정치적 효율성과 상징적 효율성이 관리혁신의 확산에 미치는 영향을 논의하였다. 첫째, 정치적 효율성을 논의하면서 관리혁신의 확산을 추진하는 주체가 행사하는 영향력이 크 고 확산을 강제하는 정도가 강할수록, 그리고 혁신이 조직 내부 권력연합의 권력기반을 강화해줄수록 빠르게 확산될 것이라는 가설을 제시하였다. 둘째, 상징적 효율성을 논의하면서 사회적 지위가 높은 조직에서 고안하여 활용한 혁신, 권위있는 전문기관에서 추천하는 혁신, 사회진보와 정의구현에 도움을 주는 것으로 인정되는 혁신, 기존 제도들과의 적합성이 높은 혁신, 재발명된 혁신이 빠르게 확산될 것이라는 가설을 제시하였다. 셋째, 정치적 효율성과 상징적 효율성이 확산속도에 미치는 영향을 조절하는 요인들을 탐색하였다. 관리혁신이 정치적 효율성과 상징적 효율성이 높다고 해서 항상 빠르게 확산되지는 않는다. 다수의 조직과 조직내부의 권력 연합에게 큰 희생을 요구하는 혁신의 경우에는, 채택여부를 고민하는 의사결정자들이 혁신을 채택함으로써 얻을 수 있는 정치적 정당성의 확보와 상징적 평판의 고양을 포기할 수도 있기 때문이다. 따라서 혁신채택에 필수적으로 수반되는 비용과 희생이 작을수록 정치적 및 상징적 효율성이 확산에 미치는 영향이 강해질 것이다. 이런 조절요인으로 본 연구에서는 채택 여부의 가시성, 혁신의 독자성, 상징적 채택의 용이성을 검토하였다. 또 다른 조절요인으로 혁신의 채택이 근본적인 조직변화를 요구하는지의 여부, 핵심부 인력의 변화를 요구하는지의 여부를 검토하였다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 본 연구의 제도이론에 대한 잠재적 공헌, 연구의 한계, 그리고 미래 연구방향을 제시하였다. This paper proposes empirically testable hypotheses regarding the effects of the attributes of innovation on its diffusion. Based on the review of extant literature, this study suggests that “politically efficient,” and “symbolically efficient” innovations will have high diffusion rates. First, politically efficient innovation is defined to be one that satisfies interest of strong external stakeholders or interest of inside power coalition of an organization. We hypothesize that when the external stakeholder promoting the diffusion of an innovation shields a greater power on organizations and a strong will to coerce its adoption to those organizations, the innovation will diffuse faster. Also, we propose that an innovation strengthening the power basis of extant power coalition will diffuse faster than the innovation weakening it. Second, symbolically efficient innovation is defined to be one that enhances reputation and modern image of adopting organizations. We propose that an innovation designed and used by organizations with high social status, an innovation recommended by prestigious professional association, or an innovation contributing social progress and justice will diffuse faster. We also suggest that an innovation closely related to existing practices or an innovation that was reinvented from existing dominant practices will exhibit higher diffusion rates. Third, this study investigates additional innovation attributes that moderate the effect of political and symbolic efficiency of an innovation on its diffusion. When the adoption and implementation of an innovation incurs a great deal of cost, organizations can give up its adoption even though the innovation is politically and symbolically efficient and thus the effects of political and symbolic efficiencies on innovation diffusion will become weaker. Specifically, we discuss the moderating effect of visibility of innovation adoption, easiness of decoupling innovation adoption from its implementation, and independence of an innovation from extant practices. Moreover, we suggest that adoption of an innovation that demands radical organizational change, or affects core organizational members will be costly. Thus, we propose the moderating effects of those attributes in innovation diffusion process. As future research directions, we suggest that future research can explore generalized diffusion model that can explain diffusion of both organizational innovations and technological innovations. Empirical research that can test hypotheses proposed in this paper will be valuable. Meta-analysis on extant diffusion literature can be the first step to empirically test those hypotheses. Other option is to collect diffusion data of diverse organizational innovations that exhibit varying diffusion rates and analyze the data by using innovation itself as a unit of analysis.

확산이론 관점에서 로지스틱 모형과 Bass 모형의 비교

홍정식(Jungsik Hong),구훈영(Hoonyoung Koo) 한국경영과학회 2012 韓國經營科學會誌 Vol.37 No.2

The logistic model and the Bass model have diverse names and formulae in diffusion theory. This diversity makes users or readers confused while it also contributes to the flexibility of modeling. The method of handling the integration constant, which is generated in process of deriving the closed form solution of the differential equation for a diffusion model, results in two different "actual" models. We rename the actual four models and propose the usage of the models with respect to the purpose of model applications. The application purpose would be the explanation of historical diffusion pattern or the forecasting of future demand. Empirical validation with 86 historical diffusion data shows that misuse of the models can draw improper conclusions for the explanation of historical diffusion pattern.

5ㆍ4 전후 새로운 과학 담론 공동체의 형성과 세계관의 전환 ― 1920년대 중국의 상대성이론 수용과 그 이념적 배경을 중심으로

이보고 한국중국현대문학학회 2015 中國現代文學 Vol.0 No.74

This paper has focused on how scientific discourse and ideology in Chinese society were related and discussed in society. Compared to how modern world in western countries had science and humanities areas clearly separated, science has a significant meaning for enlightenment in the transition period of modern period in China. In addition, a role of scientific discourse community created in the course of transition was analyzed in the case of dispersion of “the theory of relativity” in the 1920s. This paper has reorganized the recognition and a view of the world on the time and space as to how “the theory of relativity” that was actively introduced in the [The Eastern Miscellany] before and after the 5.4 period in 1919 replaced the central theory in the past, “the theory of social evolution.” on the same context, “the theory of relativity” was regarded to be of a newly concluded issue for rationalization of modernity. Therefore, this paper regarded the dispersion of “the theory of relativity” in the 1920s not as a representation of diffusion of new scientific knowledge in the knowledge-based society in China but as a symbol of situation when a view of the world related to the previous main ideology of competition-oriented evolution in the transition of values and a view of the world. Hereupon, a view of the world related to relativity started being diffused instead of blind modernism in the political discourse and cultural theory. Therefore, many of the political and cultural theories emerged based on them. Evolution with revitalization, anarchism and nihilism receiving attention from intellectual discourse in China in the 1920s were based on the perspective of relativity forming the flow of anti-national, anti-central, and anti-modern knowledge.