Policy Coordination in South Korea

임현정 서울대학교행정대학원 2019 The Korean Journal of Policy Studies Vol.34 No.1

Coordination has been one of the major problems in the field of public administration (Pressman & Wildavsky, 1984; Peters 1998; Bouckaert, Peters, & Verhoest, 2010). However, as the complexity of policy problems increases and the policy environment changes, coordination is becoming more of a serious challenge to administration than ever before (Peters, 2018; Roberts, 2011). The failure of policy coordination can greatly undermine administrative capacity, so a serious approach to coordination is necessary not only theoretically but also practically. This study reviewed policy coordination theories and analyzed prior studies on current Korean policy coordination. In particular, I focused on the concepts, dimensions, mechanisms, and performance of policy coordination. What I found is that the number and variety of coordination studies in Korea is low. Most prior studies on coordination have focused on coordination between central ministries, and their methodology has primary taken the form of a literature review. Empirical studies on coordination performance have been few and far between. Based on these findings, I suggest several implications.

An Innovative Fast Relay Coordination Method to Bypass the Time Consumption of Optimization Algorithms in Relay Protection Coordination

Mostafa Kheshti,Xiaoning Kang,Zaibin Jiao 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.2

Relay coordination in power system is a complex problem and so far, meta-heuristic algorithms and other methods as an alternative approach may not properly deal with large scale relay coordination due to their huge time consuming computation. In some cases the relay coordination could be unachievable. As the urgency for a proper approach is essential, in this paper an innovative and simple relay coordination method is introduced that is able to be applied on optimization algorithms for relay protection coordination. The objective function equation of operating time of relays are divided into two separate functions with less constraints. As the analytical results show here, this equivalent method has a remarkable speed with high accuracy to coordinate directional relays. Two distribution systems including directional overcurrent relays are studied in DigSILENT software and the collected data are examined in MATLAB. The relay settings of this method are compared with particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. The analytical results show the correctness of this mathematical and practical approach. This fast coordination method has a proper velocity of convergence with low iteration that can be used in large scale systems in practice and also to provide a feasible solution for protection coordination in smart grids as online or offline protection coordination.

정책조정수단에 관한 탐색적 연구

이송호,정원영 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2014 行政論叢 Vol.52 No.4

Policy coordination instruments have not been actively studied up to now. This paper tried to make a tentative exploration into policy coordination tools. It developed four categories of 13 tools by using a few strategies and a meaning analysis, and then traced their applicability to targets and institutional contexts as well as their effects on coordination objectives. The tentative conclusions regarding applicability and effects are as follows. First, a majority of tools are fully applicable to interdepartmental coordination and on a limited basis to department-ruling party coordination. However, a few instruments, such as combination, condition, convergence and budgeting, can be applied to inter-party coordination. Second, a majority of tools are applicable to both integration and parallel coordination, but co-planning, budgeting and linked-indicators were difficult to apply to integrated coordination. Third, co-planning and combination can contribute to all four objectives, while the others vary in the number of objectives to which they can make contributions. Finally, personnel and indicator instruments can make contributions to both preventive and resolution coordination, but exchange instruments can only apply to resolution coordination. Institutional instruments are split between the two. Co-planning can contribute to both types, whereas budgeting and bilateral impact assessment only to the latter. 현재까지 정책조정수단들에 대한 논의와 연구가 본격화되지 않고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 이글은 정책조정수단들에 대한 초보적 탐색을 시도해 보았다. 몇 가지 탐색전략과 의미분석 등을 통해 통합기획, 예산편성, 쌍방영향평가, 표준지침, 연계지표, 수렴, 교대, 조건, 조합, 순환보직, 상호파견, 보직겸임, 팀웍인사 등 13개 조정수단들을 발굴・개발하고 4개 범주로 유형화했으며 이들이 어떤 제도적 맥락(context)에서 어떤 정책관계(target)에 어떤 목적(effect)의 조정에 기여할 수 있는지를 추론해 보았다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 잠정결론을 도출했다. 첫째, 접점 측면에서, 대다수 정책조정수단들을 부처간 조정에 적용할 수 있고 당정 간에는 제한적으로 적용할 수 있으나, 여야 정당 간에 조정에는 조합, 조건, 수렴, 예산편성제도 등만이 적용할 수 있다. 둘째, 관계 측면에서, 대다수 조정수단들이 통합조정과 병행조정 모두에 적합하나, 통합기획, 예산제도, 연계지표 등은 통합조정에 적용하기 어렵다. 셋째, 세부목적 차원에서, 통합기획과 조합은 중복제거, 우선순위 설정, 상충해소, 시너지 창출 등 모든 목적에 기여할 수 있으나, 나머지 조정수단들이 기여할 수 있는 세부 목적들은 서로 다르다. 넷째, 시점 차원에서, 인사적 수단과 지표적 수단, 그리고 통합기획은 정책갈등의 사전예방과 사후해소 모두에 기여할 수 있으나, 교환적 수단 및 예산제도와 쌍방영향평가는 사후해소에만 기여할 수 있다.

리조트 호텔과 비즈니스 호텔의 텍스타일 코디네이션 경향연구 -해외 사례를 중심으로-

박혜신 ( Park Hye Shin ) 한국기초조형학회 2017 기초조형학연구 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 해외의 리조트 호텔과 비즈니스 호텔의 텍스타일 코디네이션 경향을 분석해 호텔의 유형에 적합한 코디네이션 가이드라인에 대한 기반을 마련하는 것이다. 연구대상은 `월드 트래블 어워드(World Travel Award)에서 2016년 리조트 호텔 분야, 비즈니스 호텔 분야에서 노미네이트 된 호텔으로 하였다. 그 결과 총 14개의 리조트 호텔에서 77개, 11개의 비즈니스 호텔에서 42개의 이미지가 수집되었다. 연구 내용은 앞서 수집한 두 유형의 호텔 객실 텍스타일 코디네이션 특성을 파악하는 것으로, 텍스타일의 색상과 문양 코디네이션 특성을 중심으로 연구했다. 연구 방법은 선행연구 고찰을 통해 사례분석의 방법적 토대를 마련하고, 이를 활용해 수집한 사례를 분석함으로써 결론을 도출했다. 구체적 방법은 다음과 같다. 색상 분석방법은 pccs컬러시스템을 근거로 한 하마마 시게요시 분석 기준을 따랐으며, 문양분석방법은 선행연구자와 연구자의 기준을 보완해 분석체계를 수립했다. 분석 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 1)리조트호텔의 배색 코디네이션 특성은 동일, 인접, 유사, 중차, 대조 색상 코디네이션이 대부분 유사한 비율을 차지했으나 바이컬러 코디네이션은 단 2건으로 거의 나타나지 않았다. 반면, 비즈니스 호텔 배색 코디네이션은 동일, 유사, 바이컬러 코디네이션이 유사한 비율을 차지했으나 대조색상 배색은 단 1건에 불과했다. 2)리조트 호텔의 문양 코디네이션은 대조문양 코디네이션이 가장 많은 비중을 차지했으나 비즈니스 호텔의 경우 유사문양이 더 많은 비중을 차지했다. 코디네이션 경향 분석을 통해 파악할 수 있는 결론은 다음과 같다. 1)리조트호텔의 경우 여가를 주목적으로 하는 방문객들이 주로 이용하는 호텔이므로 화려하고 다양한 색상과 문양을 사용해 지역적인 특색을 반영한 텍스타일 연출을 하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 2)비즈니스 호텔은 업무를 목적으로 하는 방문객들이 주로 이용하는 호텔이므로 화려하고 다채로운 연출보다는 안정적이고 모던한 분위기를 연출하는데 중점을 두고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 통해 해외 호텔의 경우 호텔의 목적과 유형에 맞는 텍스타일 코디네이션 시도가 이루어지고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 추후 국내의 리조트 호텔, 비즈니스 호텔의 코디네이션의 방향의 가이드라인으로 삼을 수 있기를 기대한다. The purpose of this research is to analyze the trend of textile coordination of resort hotels and business hotels in overseas and to provide a basis for coordination guidelines that are appropriate for each type of hotel. The hotels nominated as the resort hotels and business hotels in `World Travel Award` in 2016 were selected for this research. As a result, 77 images were chosen from 14 resort hotels and 42 images were collected from 11 business hotels. The research focused on the characteristics of the textile colors and patterns of the two types of hotel rooms that collected. The study concluded the conclusion of the case study by examining the methodological foundations of a case study and analyzing the collected cases. Specific methods are as follows. The color analysis method followed the Hamasima Sigeyisi method based on PCCS color system, and the pattern analysis method was established by complementing the criteria of the previous researchers and this researcher oneself. The analysis results can be summarized as follows. 1)The color coordination characteristics of the resort hotels were the identical, adjacent, similar, moderate, and contrast color coordination in most cases at similar rates but there were only two cases of bicolor coordination. On the other hand, the color coordination of the business hotels was made up with identical, similar, and bicolor coordination at similar rates with only one case of contrast coordination used. The pattern coordination of the resort hotel was dominated by contrast pattern coordination, in the case of business hotels, however, similar patterns took up a larger proportion. The following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of coordination trends. 1)The resort hotel is mainly used by leisure visitors, so the hotels seem to use brilliant colors and various patterns which reflect the unique local characteristics. 2)The business hotel is mainly used for business purpose visitors, so it is emphasized to focus on creating a stable and modern atmosphere rather than brilliant and colorful one. Through the findings of this study, it can be seen that a textile coordination attempt is made according to the purpose and type of hotel in the case of overseas hotels, we hope to be able to guide the direction of textile coordination of resort hotels and business hotels in the future.

Evaluating the Efficiency Analysis of Supervision Organization Coordination in Engineering Management

Dan Chang,Yunfang Ma 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.8

The effective application of the supervision organization coordination is one of the important guarantees to improve the project management efficiency. Through the analysis of domestic and foreign research status, the contents of the coordination of the supervision organization can be determined as internal and external organization coordination. At the same time, on the basis of the analysis of the factors affecting the efficiency of the project management in the supervision organization, the mathematical model for the coordination of supervision organization is constructed by using the method of AHP and F-AHP. And with the actual case, the comprehensive evaluation model of the coordination of the supervision organization is constructed by the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The coordination efficiency of the case is poor, so the research method based on AHP and F-AHP is feasible. And the improvement of the coordination efficiency of the supervision organization in the project management is of positive significance.

패션연출 방법에 관한 조사 연구 : 직장여성을 중심으로

허갑섬,이병화 한국의류학회 1999 한국의류학회지 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the tendency of the fashion coordination of working women, to explain ifs trend according to occupation, and to present the fundamental data for the new fashion coordination. This study selected as objects 500 working women who are working around Seoul and Kyenggi Province, and collected statistics of 471 pieces of data by questionnaire examination method. The data are analysed by the factor analysis, the method of quantification, the x^2 analysis, the correspondence analysis in SAS system, and the cronbach's-α are produced for measuring confidence. The result is following as; 1) According to the factor analysis, the factors in the fashion coordination is classified into by 4 kinds, this is, the self-confidence coordination, the accessary coordination, the trend coordination and the individuality coordination. The fashion coordination is affected by occupation and marriage. By occupation, saleswomen show high interests in the fashion coordination, By marriage, Single women have more interest in the fashion coordination than the married ones. 2) According to the correspondence analysis, nurses and selling women purchase clothing by pieces for the piece coordination, while saleswomen, teachers, and office women purchase clothing with accessaries. Specially teachers and saleswomen choose accessaries of similar color to clothing for coordination considering their occupation (job). 3) There were singnificant effects color, accessory coordination by their cocupation. 4) Most have interests in the fashion coordination but have low confidence in their own.

An Innovative Fast Relay Coordination Method to Bypass the Time Consumption of Optimization Algorithms in Relay Protection Coordination

Kheshti, Mostafa,Kang, Xiaoning,Jiao, Zaibin The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.2

Relay coordination in power system is a complex problem and so far, meta-heuristic algorithms and other methods as an alternative approach may not properly deal with large scale relay coordination due to their huge time consuming computation. In some cases the relay coordination could be unachievable. As the urgency for a proper approach is essential, in this paper an innovative and simple relay coordination method is introduced that is able to be applied on optimization algorithms for relay protection coordination. The objective function equation of operating time of relays are divided into two separate functions with less constraints. As the analytical results show here, this equivalent method has a remarkable speed with high accuracy to coordinate directional relays. Two distribution systems including directional overcurrent relays are studied in DigSILENT software and the collected data are examined in MATLAB. The relay settings of this method are compared with particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. The analytical results show the correctness of this mathematical and practical approach. This fast coordination method has a proper velocity of convergence with low iteration that can be used in large scale systems in practice and also to provide a feasible solution for protection coordination in smart grids as online or offline protection coordination.

민주화 이후 역대 정부의 정책조정 비교분석: 조직 전문화, 정책조정 메커니즘, 조정역량의 변동패턴을 중심으로

남궁근,우하린 한국행정연구원 2023 韓國行政硏究 Vol.32 No.1

This study investigates the level of autonomy and specialization of government organizations, the characteristics of the use of policy coordination mechanisms, and the policy coordination capacity of previous administrations after the 1987 democratic transition in Korea. According to the results of the Delphi survey of experts, the autonomy and specialization of government organizations have gradually improved since the democratic transition, compared to the 1980s before democratization. In addition to the hierarchical tools, market-type and network-type tools have been utilized for policy coordination. However, organizational specialization and coordination performance showed a zigzag pattern(↝) that fluctuated considerably by administration. This is a different pattern from the U type(↺) in the UK, the horizontal type(→) in France, and the vertical type(￪) in the United States. To enhance government organizations’ expertise and strengthen future policy coordination capabilities, policy implications such as the design and operation of policy coordination mechanisms from a long-term perspective and the succession of policy coordination systems through learning were suggested. It is also worth recalling that the administrations, which have improved their policy coordination capabilities and the level of specialization of ministries, were interested in institutional design and monitoring their operation by the center of the government, including the president. 본 연구에서는 민주화 이후 역대 정부별로 부처조직의 자율성 및 전문화 수준, 정책조정 메커니즘 활용의 특징, 그리고 정책조정역량을 분석하고자 하였다. 전문가 대상의 델파이 조사(Delphi) 결과, 민주화 이전인 1980년대와 비교하여 민주화 이후 부처조직의 전문성은 점차 제고되어왔으며, 정책조정 메커니즘은 계층형 위주에서 시장형과 네트워크형 도구들이 추가되어 왔음이 확인되었다. 그러나 조직 전문화와 조정역량은 정부별로 변동이 상당히 큰 지그재그(↝) 패턴으로 나타났다. 이는 영국의 유턴형(↺), 프랑스의 수평이동형(→), 미국의 수직이동형(￪)과는 다른 패턴이다. 향후 정부 조직의 전문성을 제고하고 정책조정역량을 강화하기 위하여 장기적인 관점에서의 정책조정 메커니즘 설계와 운영, 학습을 통한 정책조정 시스템 승계와 같은 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다. 또한 정책조정역량과 부처 전문화의 수준이 향상된 정부의 공통점은 대통령을 포함한 정부 핵심부가 제도설계에 관심을 가지고 제도가 제대로 작동하는지 직・간접으로 점검했다는 점을 상기할 필요가 있다.

X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of Cu(II) coordination in the interlayer of montmorillonite

Hyun, S.P.,Hayes, K.F. Elsevier 2015 Applied clay science Vol.107 No.-

Cu(II) coordination in the interlayer of an expandable clay mineral montmorillonite is studied using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) along with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Ab initio calculations are performed using FEFF code to reproduce the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) portion of the experimentally measured XAS spectra. Cu(II) coordination changes depending on the Cu(II) loading and hydration state of the interlayer. XRD shows that the Cu-saturated montmorillonite has d<SUB>001</SUB>-spacing values corresponding to the interlayer thickness of four and one water layer(s) for the hydrated and dehydrated interlayers, respectively. EPR shows that Cu(II) in the fully hydrated, unsaturated interlayer behaves similarly to free Cu(II) ion in a bulk aqueous solution, while Cu(II) forms a square planar complex in the dehydrated interlayer. Cu(II) in the fully hydrated, Cu-saturated montmorillonite has a characteristic singlet 1st derivative XANES spectrum. FEFF calculations show that this singlet feature originates from a quasi-regular octahedral coordination of water molecules around the interlayer Cu(II) atom. All other samples and model compounds including the dry Cu-saturated montmorillonite, wet and dry unsaturated montmorillonite, aqueous Cu(II), cupric nitrate salt (Cu(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>.4.5H<SUB>2</SUB>O), and Cu(II) hydroxide precipitates have doublet 1st derivative XANES spectra. FEFF calculations suggest that the doublet features arise from an axially elongated octahedral coordination under the Jahn-Teller effect or square planar coordination. FEFF calculations of the EXAFS spectra as a function of the axial oxygen bond length demonstrate that a destructive interference between backscattering from equatorial oxygen (O<SUB>eq</SUB>) and that from axial oxygen (O<SUB>ax</SUB>) atoms leads to an apparent coordination number (CN) less than six expected for the tetragonal coordination, with the farther, loosely bound axial oxygen atoms making a minor, yet negative contribution to the CN determined by the EXAFS analysis. This study shows that Cu(II) has interchangeable octahedral, tetragonal, and square planar coordinations in the interlayer of montmorillonite, depending on Cu(II) loading and degree of hydration. The quasi-regular octahedral coordination of the interlayer Cu(II) in montmorillonite is a new finding of this study.

한국어 유사 병렬 구성 연구

주지연(Ju Ji youn) 형태론 2016 형태론 Vol.18 No.1

유사 병렬 구성은 병렬 표지나 나열의 형식을 취한다는 점에서 병렬 구성과 유사하지만 전형적인 병렬 구성이 가지는 구성상, 구조상, 의미·화용상의 조건을 온전히 갖추지 못한 구성이다. 본고에서는 복수의 병렬항을 갖추지 못한 구성상 유사 병렬구성, 병렬항 간의 구조적 등위성을 결여한 구조상 유사 병렬 구성, 병렬항 간의 의미·화용적 등위성을 결여한 의미·화용상 유사 병렬 구성을 한국어 유사 병렬 구성의 예로 제시하였다. 병렬 구성은 복수의 대상이나 사태를 등위적으로 나열하는 기능을 하지만, 유사 병렬 구성은 특정 대상이나 사태에 대한 화자의 평가와 태도를 표시하는 기능을 한다. This paper is focused on three exemplary cases of pseudo coordination construction in Korean: constructional pseudo coordination construction without plural coordinate; structural pseudo coordination construction without structural equipotentiality among coordinates; semanticalㆍpragmatic pseudo coordination construction without semanticalㆍpragmatic equipotentiality among coordinates. Although pseudo coordination construction lacks compositional , structural, semantical, and pragmatic conditions, it can be categorized into a specific type of construction with coordination markers and coordination forms. While the function of coordination construction is for arranging plural objects and event with equivalent values, pseudo coordination construction is for expressing speaker’s attitude toward specific objects and events.