Development of a CO₂ emission benchmark for achieving the national CO₂ emission reduction target by 2030

Jeong, Kwangbok,Hong, Taehoon,Kim, Jimin Elsevier 2018 Energy and buildings Vol.158 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To achieve the national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission reduction target (CERT) in the building sector established together with the launching of POST-2020, various countries are introducing the emission trading scheme (ETS), which is considered to have a considerable effect on CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission reduction. Towards this end, it is important to establish a reasonable CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission benchmark for the effective allocation of CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission allowances. As the previous CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission benchmark, however, was focused on the industry sector (e.g., power generation sector, manufacturing sector, etc.), it is difficult to apply to the building sector. To solve this problem, this study aimed to develop a CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission benchmark for allocating CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission allowances in multi-family housing complexes (MFHCs). This study was conducted in three steps: (i) establishment of the database; (ii) formation of clusters using a decision tree (DT); and (iii) development of the CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission benchmark for MFHCs. The nine CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission benchmarks (i.e., 0.03116-0.06667 tCO<SUB>2</SUB>/m<SUP>2</SUP> year) for MFHCs were developed using a DT based on the heating type and the elapsed years, and were validated using the Kruskal-Wallis test and <I>t</I>-test. It was shown that using the developed CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission benchmark for MFHCs to calculate the national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission reduction in MFHCs satisfied the national CERT (18.1%). On the other hand, when the CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission benchmarks for MFHCs calculated based on the South Korean ETS and the EU ETS, which were applied to the industry sector, were used, the national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission reduction was −5.29 and 45.55%, respectively. The proposed CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission benchmark for MFHCs may be useful for policymaking for determining the allocation of CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission allowances for achieving the national CERT.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A reasonable classification process was proposed using the decision tree method. </LI> <LI> Benchmark was developed to meet the national CO2 emissions reduction target by 2030. </LI> <LI> The data mining and statistical methodologies were used in this study. </LI> <LI> The CO2 emission allowance by cluster was estimated based on CO2 emission benchmark. </LI> <LI> It can help policy-makers in determining the allocation of CO2 emission allowance. </LI> </UL> </P>

CO₂ emission reduction effects of an innovative composite precast concrete structure applied to heavy loaded and long span buildings

Lee, Donghoon,Lim, Chaeyeon,Kim, Sunkuk Elsevier 2016 Energy and buildings Vol.126 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A structural frame built using innovative composite precast concrete (CPC) developed using a new concept called the SMART frame was demonstrated to require less steel materials, concrete, and forms than reinforced concrete (RC) due to its higher structural efficiency. This not only resulted in a reduction of costs, but also less CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions. In this study, we analyzed the CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission reduction effect of an innovative composite precast concrete structure applied to heavy loaded buildings with more than a 10m long span. A case study was conducted with CPC and RC members designed under the same conditions. The carbon dioxide emissions of the RC-structured building and SMART frame building were 435.5kg-CO<SUB>2</SUB>/m<SUP>2</SUP> and 414.1kg-CO<SUB>2</SUB>/m<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively. Thus, a CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission reduction of 21.4kg-CO<SUB>2</SUB>/m<SUP>2</SUP> was achieved. This corresponds to a 5.5% CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction effect when the SMART frame was applied instead of RC, as the CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions based on the input of resources was analyzed, which is equivalent to around 3.7% of the total CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions of the case building. In addition, the total CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions were estimated by also considering the oil and electricity power use. A CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction effect of around 4.9% was achieved.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission reduction effect of an innovative composite precast concrete structure applied to heavy loaded buildings is verified. </LI> <LI> The CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission of the RC-structured building was 435.5kg-CO<SUB>2</SUB>/m<SUP>2</SUP>, and that of the SMART frame building was 414.1kg-CO<SUB>2</SUB>/m<SUP>2</SUP>. </LI> <LI> There was 5.5% CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction effect when SMART Frame was applied instead of RC. </LI> </UL> </P>

화력발전소의 CO₂ 배출량 및 배출비용 함수산정과 5모선 전력계통 적용사례

이상중,Lee, Sang-Joong 한국조명전기설비학회 2008 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.22 No.4

The global warming due to greenhouse gases is now the hottest issue all over the world. The world has been under $CO_2$ war since the Kyoto Protocol was opened for signature on December 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan. The Kyoto Protocol now covers more than 164 countries globally as of July 2006. Countries that ratify this protocol commit to reduce their $CO_2$ emissions, or engage in emissions trading. Korea is also expected to obey the Protocol starting in 2013, which will give a serious shock especially to the electric power industry. The power plants burning the fossil fuel produce more than 20 percent of national total $CO_2$ emission. This paper resents the calculation of the amount and cost of $CO_2$ emission w.r.t. generator MW output and its application to power system operation. The $CO_2$ emission function is derived using the input-output coefficients of the thermal power plants. The optimal power system operation considering $CO_2$ emission and its cost is demonstrated on a five-bus sample power system. 1997년 교토 기후협약이 체결되었고, 세계는 지금 지구온난화 문제로 $CO_2$ 전쟁을 치르고 있다. 우리나라도 2013년부터 기후협약 규제가 거의 확실시 되고 있다. 화석연료의 연소로 대부분의 전력을 생산하는 발전산업은 우리나라 $CO_2$ 대기배출량의 20[%] 이상을 차지하고 있다. 발전소의 화석연료의 소모와 이에 따른 $CO_2$ 대기배출 규제는 갈수록 엄격해 질 전망이며 전력생산단가에 크게 영향을 끼칠 것이다. 본 논문은 화력발전소의 입출력 특성계수를 이용하여 발전출력에 대한 $CO_2$ 대기배출비용 함수를 유도하는 방법과 이를 전력계통의 운용에 반영하는 방안을 제시한다. 모형계통의 시뮬레이션을 통하여 $CO_2$ 배출량과 $CO_2$ 대기배출비용을 감안한 전력 계통 최적운전 연산 사례를 도시하였다.

고추재배에서 토성별 토양수분, 토양온도, 무기태질소 변화에 따른 CO₂ 배출량 평가

김건엽,송범헌,홍석영,고병구,노기안,심교문,장용선,Kim, Gun-Yeob,Song, Beom-Heon,Hong, Suk-Young,Ko, Byong-Gu,Roh, Kee-An,Shim, Kyo-Moon,Zhang, Yong-Seon 한국토양비료학회 2008 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.41 No.6

Several researchers have proposed models or equations to predict soil $CO_2$ flux from more readily available biotic and abiotic measurement. Tree commonly used abiotic variables were N mineral and soil temperature and soil water content. This study was conducted to determine $CO_2$ emission to mineral N, soil water content and soil temperature with clay loam and sandy loam in pepper cultivation in 2004~2005. $CO_2$ flux in the upland with different levels of soil water potential was measured at least once in two weeks during the cropping period in the pepper cultivation plots. Soil water potential in the clay loam and sandy loam soils was established at -30kPa and -50kPa by measuring the soil gravimetric water content with two replications. $CO_2$ emission rate from the differently managed plots was highly correlation coefficient to between the mineral N ($R=0.830^{**}$, $0.876^{**}$) and soil temperature ($r^2=0.793^{**}$, $0.804^{**}$) in the clay loam and sandy loam, respectively. However, the relationships between $CO_2$ emission and soil water content were non-significant. $CO_2$ emissions at sandy loam soils was lower to 21~37% than at clay loam soils for both soil water conditions without differences in yield. At difference levels of soil water conditions, $CO_2$ emission at -50kPa decreased to 37.5% in comparison with that at -30kPa. From the path analysis as to contribution factors of GHGs, it appeared that contribution rate was in the order of soil temperature (54.9%), mineral N (32.7%), and soil moisture content (12.4%). 시험포장은 수원시에 위치한 국립농업과학원의 기후변화생태과 시험포장에서 고추를 재배하여 식양토와 사양토의 2개 토성을 대상으로 각 관수시점을 -30kPa와 -50kPa에서 온실가스배출에 관여하는 요인인 토양수분, 토양온도, 토양 중 무기태질소를 측정하여, $CO_2$배출 간의 관계와 배출 특성을 구명하고자 하였다. 본 시험의 연구 결과, 토양의 $CO_2$배출량과 무기태질소 그리고 토양온도에서 높은 상관관계가 있었으나, 토양수분과는 상관을 보이지 않았다. 그리고 $CO_2$ 배출량과 토양수분함량과는 상관관계가 없었다. $CO_2$ 배출량과 토양온도 및 무기태질소의 상관계수는 식양토에서 $0.830^{**}$, $0.876^{**}$, 사양토에서 $0.793^{**}$, $0.804^{**}$로 상관은 고도로 유의하였다. 고추 재배기간 143일간 $CO_2$의 작기종합 배출량을 토양 토성에 따라 수분장력별로 처리하여 비교한 결과, 수분장력이 식양토에서 -30kPa에 비해 -50kPa에서 37.5%, 사양토는 50.0% 저감되었으며, 식양토에 비해 사양토에서 21.2~36.9% (-30kPa~-50kPa) 저감되었다. 고추밭에서 온실가스배출에 관여하는 무기태질소, 토양수분함량, 토양온도 등의 요인들 중 온실가스배출에 어느 정도 영향을 주는가를 정량적으로 분석하기위하여, $CO_2$배출에 대한 기여도를 평가하였다. $CO_2$배출에 대한 각 요인들 간의 기여도는 토양온도 (식양토; 46.6, 사양토; 69.7%), 무기태질소 (39.3, 26.2%), 토양수분함량 (14.1, 4.1%) 순으로 나타나, $CO_2$배출에 관여하는 요인 중 가장 영향을 미치는 요인은 토양온도로 나타났다.

다지역투입산출모형을 이용한 지역별 산업별 이산화탄소 배출 분석

안동환,손민수,Hong Sok(Brian) Kim 한국지역학회 2012 지역연구 Vol.28 No.3

This study analyses CO2 emission by region and by industry with a multi-regional input-output model. Our results shows that industries inducing high CO2 emission includes electricity, steam and hot water supply sectors mainly due to direct emission from the use of large amount of primary energy sources. Mining, tobacco, machinery, and communication and finance related service industries induces high indirect CO2 emission from the usage of intermediate inputs though their overall CO2 emission level is low. Total CO2 emission in 2009 is estimated as 475 million ton, and Incheon is the top CO2 emission region consisting of 15.2% of national total emission followed by Gyeongbuk, Jeonnam, and Chungnam. This study also shows that there exist significant regional differences in the induced coefficients and the share of CO2 emission by industry, which implies that the regional measures are needed to manage the CO2 emissions effectively. 본 연구는 다지역투입산출모형을 적용하여 지역별 산업별 이산화탄소 배출 구조를 분석하였다. 분석결과 대부분의 지역에서 1차 에너지를 많이 이용하는 전력, 증기 및 온수공급 등의 산업부문의 경우 이산화탄소 유발계수가 높지만 중간재에 의한 간접배출은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 광업, 담배 및 기계 등의 제조업, 통신 및 금융 관련 서비스업 등의 경우 유발계수는 높지 않지만 중간재 투입에 따른 간접적인 이산화탄소 배출의 비중이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 최종수요를 생산하기 위한 이산화탄소 총배출량은 2009년 기준 약 4억 7,551만 톤이며, 지역별로는 인천이 전체의 15.2%로 가장 많고 다음으로 경북, 전남, 충남 등의 순으로 많은 이산화탄소 배출량을 보였다. 또한 지역별로 산업별 이산화탄소 유발계수 및 배출량의 비중이 큰 차이를 가지는 것으로 추정되어, 효과적인 온실가스 감축을 위해서는 지역별 이산화탄소 배출 관리가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

OBD-II 인터페이스를 이용한 자동차 CO2 배출량 추정

정경권(Kyung-Kwon Jung),최우승(Woo-Seung Choi) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2011 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.16 No.12

본 논문에서는 차량의 CO2 배출량을 추정하기 위한 방법들을 설명하였다. 전 세계적으로 에너지와 환경의 중요성이 부각되고 있으며 자동차 부문의 기술개발에서도 이 점이 크게 강조되고 있다. 특히 CO2는 지구 온난화에 영향을 미치는 온실가스로 배출 규제 대상이 되고 있다. 차량의 주행 거리에 따른 CO2 배출량 추정 방법, 기후 변화 위원회(IPCC))에서 제시한 CO2 배출량 추정 방법, MAF(Mass Air Flow)와 옥탄의 화학반응식을 이용한 CO2 배출량 추정 방법 등에 대해서 설명하고 각각의 방법들의 성능을 비교하였다. 각각의 CO2 추정 방법들에 대한 성능을 확인하기 위해 실차를 이용하여 약 5km의 도로를 주행하면서 OBD-II 포트로 차량의 진단 정보를 획득하고, 주행 거리, 연료 소모량을 구하였다. 정속 주행에서는 비슷한 CO2 배출량 결과를 얻었고, 급가속 주행에서는 IPCC 방식과 화학반응식 방식이 보다 현실적인 배출량 결과를 보임을 확인하였다. This paper described the estimation methods of CO2 emission of vehicles. The important of energy and environment has emerged in the world, and the field of vehicle's development as well. CO2 was particularly the object of emission-regulation that caused of global warming. There are performance comparison methods by driving mileage, International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and chemical equation for the combustion of Octane. We took the measurement by getting data through OBD-II port from vehicle covered 5 km on road. We got the diagnosis information, specific mileage and fuel consumption in this experiment. We are able to expect similar CO2 emission by the methods in the normal speed driving. Also, we can make more realistic approach of CO2 emission by the method of estimation by IPCC and chemical equation for the combustion of Octane in rapid acceleration driving.

농촌형 녹색마을에 신재생에너지 보급을 위한 시설재배 및 농업기계의 CO2 배출량 분석

김종구(J.G. Kim),유영선(Y.S. Ryou),강연구(Y.K. Kang),김영화(Y.H. Kim),장재경(J.K. Jang),김현태(H.T. Kim),서광욱(K.W. Seo),이승기(S.K. Lee),조희제(H.J. Cho),강지원(J.W. Kang) 유기성자원학회 2011 유기물자원화 Vol.19 No.1

화석에너지 의존도를 줄이면서 CO2 배출량을 낮추기 위하여 정부에서는 녹색마을을 선정하고 에너지자급률을 40% 수준으로 높이려는 계획을 추진 중이다. 본 연구는 각 농업 분야 중에서 농기계의 사용과 재배 시설에 있어서의 에너지 사용량을 파악하고 이를 바이오디젤로 대체하였을 때의 CO2 저감수준을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여, 농업 각 분야별 에너지 소비수준의 분석, 그리고 실천 가능한 신재생 에너지원의 선정이 요구된다. 경종재배의 전체 연간온실가스 배출량은 5,667,258 t-CO2이고, 그 중 시설 부문은 4,932,607 t-CO2인 것으로 분석되었으며, 농업시설 부문 중 에너지원별로 보면 경유가 3,105,707t-CO2, 중유가 1,370,578 t-CO2를 배출하는 것으로 분석되었다. 우리나라 시설작물의 단위 면적당 온실가스 평균배출량은 29,418 t-CO2/ha인 것으로 나타났다. 농기계별 2007년 총에너지소비량을 살펴보면 트랙터가 284,763 kL로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 동력 경운기221,314 kL, 곡물건조기 145,524 kL, 콤바인 72,537 kL 등의 순이었다. 전라북도 G시를 대상으로 이용 중인 시설재배와 농업기계의 이산화탄소 배출량을 비교분석한 결과,바이오디젤로 전환하면 약 7% 정도의 CO2 감소효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. In order to reduce dependence on the fossil fuels and CO2 gas emission in farming activities, the government has pushed ahead with making the self-sufficiency of farming energy up 40% level in green villages. The objectives of this study are to survey the energy consumption of horticultural facilities or agricultural machineries, and to analyze the reduced CO2 gas emission level from fossil fuel to bio-diesel fuel. For the implement of this study, it is necessary to analyze the energy consumption level in the various sector of farming activities, and available renewable energy sources should be selected. Annual total CO2 gas emission in the tillage farming sector was analyzed as 5,667,258 t-CO2 and that in the horticultural facilities occupied 4,932,607 t-CO2, while the CO2 gas emission level of diesel fuel was 3,105,707 t-CO2, and that of the heavy oil showed 1,370,578 t-CO2. The average CO2 gas emission level of horticultural facilities in the country was analyzed as 29,418 t-CO2/ha. Among the total energy consumption of agricultural machineries, tractor used 284,763kL, power tiller spent 221,314 kL, grain drier consumed 145,524kL and combine tractor expend 72,537kL. From the comparison of CO2 gas emission level between fossil fuel and bio-diesel fuel for the horticultural facilities or agricultural machinery in G-City, Jeonbuk Province, the CO2 gas emission level can be reduced by 7% through replacing the fuel from fossil to biodiesel.

조적벽의 CO2 배출비용을 포함한 건설원가 비교에 관한 연구

이병윤,김보라,김광희 한국건축시공학회 2010 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.10 No.3

The carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions that result from construction are one of the main factors causing a global warming problem. It is therefore necessary to make efforts to reduce CO2 emissions in the construction industry. Some researchers have studied CO2 emissions in the industry ; however, there has been a lack of study on CO2emissions cost. Therefore, in this study, the construction costs, including the CO2 emission cost, of masonry wall type, which is a common brick wall, concrete brick wall, and fired brick wall, were examined. The purpose of this study is to compare the construction costs of masonry wall types, including CO2 emission costs. The study found that the CO2 emission costs were highest for the fired brick wall, followed by the concrete brick wall. This research could provide basic information that can be used in other engineering methods to convert CO2 emissions to CO2 emission cost. 건설산업에서 발생하는 CO2배출량은 지구 온난화를 유발하는 주요 원인 중 하나이다. 이에 따라 건설산업에서는 CO2배출량을 줄이기 위해 노력하고 있다. 최근 건축물의 CO2배출량에 관한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있지만 CO2배출비용에 관한 연구는아직 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 벽체별(시멘트벽돌벽, 블록벽돌벽, 점토벽돌벽)로 기존 공사비에 CO2배출비용을 포함하여비교해 보았다. 그 결과 CO2배출비용은 점토벽돌벽, 시멘트벽돌벽, 블록벽 순으로 높았다. 본 연구는 CO2배출량을 비용으로 환산하는 방법을 제시함으로써 향후 CO2배출량을 비용측면으로 비교해 볼 수 있는 기초적 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

An optimized gene expression programming model for forecasting the national CO₂ emissions in 2030 using the metaheuristic algorithms

Hong, Taehoon,Jeong, Kwangbok,Koo, Choongwan Elsevier 2018 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.228 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To cope with the approaching POST-2020 scenario, the national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission in the building sector, which accounts for 25.5% of the total CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions, should be managed effectively and efficiently. To do this, it is essential to forecast the national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions in the building sector by region. As the South Korean government does not currently do this by region, regional characteristics are rarely taken into consideration when managing the national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions in the building sector. Towards this end, this study developed an optimized gene expression programming model for forecasting the national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions in 2030 using the metaheuristic algorithms. Compared to the forecasting performance of the gene expression programming model, the forecasting performance of the optimized gene expression programming – harmony search optimization model has improved by 7.11, 2.05, and 2.06% in terms of the mean absolute error, root mean square error, and mean absolute percentage error, respectively. Various national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions scenarios in the building sector were established in order to better analyze the variation range of the national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions in the building sector. Compared to the national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions in 2016 (i.e., scenario 1: 41,337 ktCO<SUB>2</SUB>; scenario 2: 45,373 ktCO<SUB>2</SUB>; scenario 3: 46,024 ktCO<SUB>2</SUB>) in multi-family housing complexes, the national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions in 2030 (i.e., scenario 1: 37,579 ktCO<SUB>2</SUB>; scenario 2: 37,736 ktCO<SUB>2</SUB>; scenario 3: 37,754 ktCO<SUB>2</SUB>) in multi-family housing complexes are forecasted to increase by 10.00–21.91%. The developed optimized gene expression programming – harmony search optimization model will potentially be able to assist policymakers in central and local governments forecast the national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions in 2030. Through this, national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission management that more closely reflects the characteristics at the regional or national level can be supported.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A model was developed to forecast the national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions in 2030. </LI> <LI> Model was developed using gene expression programming and harmony search algorithm. </LI> <LI> The mean absolute percentage error of developed model was estimated to be 2.06%. </LI> <LI> National CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions in 2030 is increased by 10.0–21.91% than in 2016. </LI> <LI> Developed model can help policy makers forecast the national CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions. </LI> </UL> </P>

Increased N₂O emission by inhibited plant growth in the CO₂ leaked soil environment: Simulation of CO₂ leakage from carbon capture and storage (CCS) site

Kim, You Jin,He, Wenmei,Ko, Daegeun,Chung, Haegeun,Yoo, Gayoung Elsevier 2017 Science of the Total Environment Vol.607 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>) concentrations is continuing to increase due to anthropogenic activity, and geological CO<SUB>2</SUB> storage via carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology can be an effective way to mitigate global warming due to CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission. However, the possibility of CO<SUB>2</SUB> leakage from reservoirs and pipelines exists, and such leakage could negatively affect organisms in the soil environment. Therefore, to determine the impacts of geological CO<SUB>2</SUB> leakage on plant and soil processes, we conducted a greenhouse study in which plants and soils were exposed to high levels of soil CO<SUB>2</SUB>. Cabbage, which has been reported to be vulnerable to high soil CO<SUB>2</SUB>, was grown under BI (no injection), NI (99.99% N<SUB>2</SUB> injection), and CI (99.99% CO<SUB>2</SUB> injection). Mean soil CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration for CI was 66.8–76.9% and the mean O<SUB>2</SUB> concentrations in NI and CI were 6.6–12.7%, which could be observed in the CO<SUB>2</SUB> leaked soil from the pipelines connected to the CCS sites. The soil N<SUB>2</SUB>O emission was increased by 286% in the CI, where NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>-N concentration was 160% higher compared to that in the control. This indicates that higher N<SUB>2</SUB>O emission from CO<SUB>2</SUB> leakage could be due to enhanced nitrification process. Higher NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>-N content in soil was related to inhibited plant metabolism. In the CI treatment, chlorophyll content decreased and chlorosis appeared after 8th day of injection. Due to the inhibited root growth, leaf water and nitrogen contents were consistently lowered by 15% under CI treatment. Our results imply that N<SUB>2</SUB>O emission could be increased by the secondary effects of CO<SUB>2</SUB> leakage on plant metabolism. Hence, monitoring the environmental changes in rhizosphere would be very useful for impact assessment of CCS technology.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> High soil CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration inhibited plant growth, resulting in lower uptake of soil mineral N. </LI> <LI> Accumulation of soil mineral N by stunted plant under high soil CO<SUB>2</SUB> increased the N<SUB>2</SUB>O emission. </LI> <LI> Monitoring the changes in N<SUB>2</SUB>O emission could be utilized for detection of CO<SUB>2</SUB> leakage in the CCS sites. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>