Development of Nutritional Biochemistry Learning Goals and Core Competencies in the Dental Hygiene Curriculum

Hye-Young Yoon,Sun-Jung Shin,Bo-Mi Shin,Hyo-Jin Lee,Jin-Sun Choi,Soo-Myoung Bae 한국치위생과학회 2022 치위생과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Background: In the dental hygiene curriculum, efforts are being made to introduce an integrated curriculum based on the competency of a dental hygienist. Because there is a connection and overlap in learning contents between Dental Nutrition and Oral Biochemistry, which are basic dental hygiene subjects, it is possible to integrate these two subjects. This study aims to derive Nutritional Biochemistry as an integrated curriculum for Dental Nutrition and Oral Biochemistry, and to develop learning goals and competencies for Dental Nutritional Biochemistry.Methods: The learning contents of the integrated curriculum were composed by referring to the contents of the Dental Nutrition and Oral Biochemistry textbooks, and learning goals were derived from the learning contents. Moreover, competency was developed by analyzing the duties of a dental hygienist that can be performed through the learning goals. The Delphi survey was conducted twice to verify the content validity ratio (CVR) of the competence and the learning goal of the integrated curriculum.Results: In the first Delphi survey, the CVR for two competencies was 0.56 or higher. Moreover, it was revised based on expert’s opinions, and as a result of the second Delphi survey after the revision, the CVR was either increased or maintained. Eighty-five learning goals were derived by referring to the textbook. According to CVR and expert opinions, after the first Delphi survey, the number of learning goals was reduced to 69. After the second Delphi survey, 68 learning goals were finally derived.Conclusion: The development process of the integrated curriculum conducted in this study can be utilized for integration between subjects in basic dental hygiene.

천연기념물 한국 산양의 혈액 및 혈액 화학적 정상표준범위

안상진 ( Sangjin Ahn ),최영진 ( Youngjin Choi ),김종택 ( Jong-taek Kim ) 한국가축위생학회 2017 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.40 No.2

Korean goral (Neamorhedus caudatus) is registered as a natural monument number 217 by South Korea Cultural Heritage Administration. It is also recognized as the endangered speciesⅠ by Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). In this study, blood samples of Korean goral were collected to make reference intervals. Blood sampling was conducted on 19 numbers of Korean gorals (ten females, nine males), which were reared in Korean Goral Restoration Center. For total samples, the reference intervals of hematological parameters were: white blood cell 7.69∼10.87 K/μA; hematocrit 36.73∼46.18%; red blood cell 10.72∼12.86 M/μA; hemoglobin 12.79∼15.14 g/dL; mean corpuscular volume 33.15∼36.75 fL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin 11.53∼12.23 pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 32.64-35.91 g/dL and red blood cell distribution width 39.2 ∼43.46%. For total samples of each parameters, the following results were obtained for serum biochemistry: glucose 111.81∼153.77 mg/dL; blood urea nitrogen 22.35∼28.91 mg/dL; creatine 1.22∼1.84 mg/dL; phosphate 4.57∼6 mg/dL; calcium 8.7∼9.1 mg/dL; total protein 6.53∼6.92 g/dL; albumin 3.1∼3.48 g/dL; globulin 3.26∼3.62 g/dL; alanine aminotransferase 56.7∼158.56 U/L; aspartate aminotransferase 230.35∼473.06 U/L; alkaline phosphatase 178.06∼332.47 U/L; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 131.6-∼181.24 U/L; total bilirubin 1.47∼2.12 mg/dL; cholesterol 46.48∼71.52 mg/dL; amylase 16.3∼26.03 U/L; sodium 150.43∼153.88 mmol/L; potassium 3.98∼4.6 mmol/L and chlorine 109.48∼113.26 mmol/L. The ranges of values were similar campared to previous studies except in the case of RDW value, which showed higher range than the RDW value of a previous study. The reference intervals from this study will be useful data for treatment and management of gorals.

사후 생화학 (I) : 심장 표지자

민병우,박종태,최종순 대한법의학회 2012 대한법의학회지 Vol.36 No.1

In cases of atherosclerotic occlusion of coronary artery, is it appropriate to conclude that myocardial infarction is the true cause of death? More sensitive and specific diagnostic methods for the postmortem diagnosis of myocardial infarction are sometimes necessary because macroscopic or microscopic changes associated with early-phase acute myocardial injuries or myocardial infarct are sometimes absent in sudden cardiac death. Postmortem biochemical assessment of cardiac markers may help to evaluate the pathological cardiac status in sudden unexpected death without obvious cause. However, forensic pathologists are generally interested only in the macroscopic and microscopic findings for postmortem diagnosis of myocardial diseases and hesitate to use postmortem biochemical data because of the risk of postmortem changes. There are several clinically useful cardiac markers antemortem cardiac events such as myocardial injuries, infarct, or heart failure and postmortem data on cardiac markers in autopsy cases of sudden death have been reported. This review of postmortem data on cardiac markers in blood, other body fluids, and myocardial tissue will serve to introduce the recent international research trends and provide a foundation for a new field in postmortem biochemistry.

Regulation of the Central Dogma through Bioinorganic Events with Metal Coordination for Specific Interactions

윤청운,이동헌,Seung Jae Lee 대한화학회 2020 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.41 No.9

The central dogma is the core aspect of biological system regulation, receiving much attention from the field of biological chemistry. One of the main regulators of transcription and translation processes is the zinc finger (ZF) proteins, one or more domains of which coordinate with a zinc ion to interact with their binding partner. ZFs are modular domains that function independently in the presence of Zn2+ through the generation of short secondary structures via zinc ion coordination, which generate hydrogen bonds, despite being considered structural domains. In this review, structural and functional characteristics of ZF domains will be presented from the perspective of inorganic biochemistry. The major role of ZF domains in the central dogma involves transcriptional regulation through interactions with DNA and translational regulation through the generation of complexes with RNA. These findings indicate that the triggering many biological events can be explained by the coordination and biophysical chemistry of ZFs.

Predictor of Liver Biochemistry Improvement in Patients with Cytomegalovirus Cholestasis after Ganciclovir Treatment

Gina Puspita,Titis Widowati,Agung Triono 대한소아소화기영양학회 2022 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.25 No.1

Purpose: Cholestasis resulting from cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced hepatitis manifests in 40% of patients with a CMV infection. Ganciclovir treatment in children with CMV infections has proven to be highly effective. Until now, there are very few studies have identified predictive factors for liver biochemistry improvement after ganciclovir therapy. This study aimed to identify the predictors of liver biochemistry improvement in patients with CMV cholestasis after ganciclovir treatment. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records from Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia from 2013 to 2018. CMV cholestasis was confirmed based on serum CMV IgG and IgM positivity and/or blood and urine CMV antigenemia positivity. Incomplete medical records and other etiologies for cholestasis, such as biliary atresia, choledochal cyst, metabolic diseases, and Alagille syndrome, were excluded. Patient age at cholestasis diagnosis and ganciclovir treatment, duration of CMV cholestasis, history of prematurity, central nervous system involvement, and nutritional status were analyzed and presented as an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: CMV cholestasis with ganciclovir therapy was found in 41 of 54 patients. Multivariate analysis showed that a shorter duration of CMV cholestasis (OR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.00-21.07, p=0.04) was statistically significant for liver biochemistry improvement after 1 month of ganciclovir treatment. The remaining factors that were analyzed were not significant predictors of liver biochemistry improvement in patients with CMV cholestasis after ganciclovir treatment. Conclusion: A shorter duration of CMV cholestasis is the predictor of liver biochemistry improvement after 1 month gancyclovir treatment.

Reference values of hematology, biochemistry, and blood type in cynomolgus monkeys from cambodia origin

최강무,장재진,이민재,Seungsu Wang,kimhong In,Wilhelm C Galano-tan,전상훈,조가희,황용화,김성주,박완제 한국실험동물학회 2016 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.32 No.1

Cynomolgus monkeys as nonhuman primates are valuable animal models because they have a high level of human gene homology. There are many reference values for hematology and biochemistry of Cynomolgus monkeys that are needed for proper clinical diagnosis and biomedical research conduct. The body weight information and blood type are also key success factors in allogeneic or xenogeneic models. Moreover, the biological parameters could be different according to the origin of the Cynomolgus monkey. However, there are limited references provided, especially of Cambodia origin. In this study, we measured average body weight of 2,518 Cynomolgus monkeys and analyzed hematology and serum biochemistry using 119 males, and determined blood types in 642 monkeys with Cambodia origin. The average body weight of male Cynomolgus monkeys were 2.56±0.345 kg and female group was 2.43± 0.330 kg at the age from 2 to 3 years. The male group showed relatively sharp increased average body weight from the 3 to 4 age period compared to the female group. In hematology and biochemistry, it was found that most of the data was similar when compared to other references even though some results showed differences. The ABO blood type result showed that type A, B, AB, and O was approximately 15.6, 33.3, 44.2, and 6.9%, respectively. The main blood type in this facility was B and AB. These biological background references of Cambodia origin could be used to provide important information to researchers who are using them in their biomedical research.

Establishment of normal reference intervals in serum biochemical parameters of domestic sows in Korea

Dongyub Kim,Hwan-Deuk Kim,Youngmin Son,Sungho Kim,Min Jang,Seul-Gi Bae,Sung-Ho Yun,Seung-Joon Kim,Won-Jae Lee 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2021 Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Vol.36 No.4

Because sows are industrially vital for swine production, monitoring for their health or disorder status is important to ensure high reproductive performance. Especially, ambient temperature changes in different season, especially during summer, are directly influenced to the reproductive performance of sows. Although the serum biochemical parameters are widely applied in the veterinary medicine with wide ranges for the physiological process, the values are also influenced by several factors such as age, breed, gender, and stress. In addition, domestic sows in Koreaspecific reference interval (RI) for serum biochemistry has not been established yet. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate seasonal variation of RIs in the serum biochemistry in domestic sows in Korea at different seasons and to establish normal RIs using a RI finding program (Reference Value Advisor). Significant difference (p < 0.05) on the different seasons were identified in several serum biochemical parameters including BUN, CRE, GGT, GLU, ALB, TP, LDH and Na in sows. Therefore, we further established RIs, specific in domestic sows in Korea regardless of season. The established RIs based on the serum biochemical values provide a baseline for interpreting biochemical results in the domestic sows in Korea, regardless of seasonal effect. It may contribute to develop a strategy for better reproductive performance by improving breeding management practice and evaluating health of pig herds, which facilitate to avert the economic loss in summer infertility in sows.

The Role of Obeticholic Acid (Farnesoid X receptor agonist) on Improving Liver Biochemistry Parameters in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

( Rizki Febriawan ),( Nurul Fajri Widyasari ),( Agil Noviar Alvirosa ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic, progressive, autoimmune cholestatic liver disease that leading to end stage liver disease and death. Higher levels of Y-glutamiltransferase (GGT), liver enzyme and bilirubin levels correlated with disease progression and predictive value of survival outcomes. Obeticholic acid (OCA) has been reported to have great potency in activating FXR which will protect hepatocyte against bile acid toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of obeticholic acid (OCA) on liver biochemistry parameters in PBC based on randomized control trials. Methods: Literature search was conducted using PubMed database until April 2020 to find randomized control trial (RCTs), which assessed 10 mg obeticholic acid administration on liver enzyme, Y-glutamiltransferase (GGT) and conjugated bilirubin in PBC patients. Treatment effect were considered as Mean difference and standard deviation (SD) change from the baseline. We performed data analysis using RevMan 5.3. Results: A total of 2 trials (211 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The result suggested that obeticholic acid has significant effect on improving ALT(-15.2U/L,95%CI:-19.58 to -10.66; P<0.00001), ALT(-9.12U/L,95%CI:-12.23 to -6.02; P<0.00001), GGT(-99.70U/L, 95%CI: -125.68 to -73.71; P<0.00001) and Conjungated bilirubin (-0.08U/L, 95%CI: -0.13 to -0.03; P<0.002). Conclusions: Administered of 10 mg Obeticholic acid improved liver biochemistry parameters in PBC. However, further study with large-scale and better design are needed to confirm the results and eliminated the bias.

The Similarities Between Genetics and The Book of Changes (I Ching)

( Le Thanh Lan ) 한국철학사상연구회 2017 시대와 철학 Vol.28 No.2

In 1969, G. Stent has established 1-1 relation between Four emblematic symbols with 4 nitrogenous bases (level 4). In 1973, M. Schonberger was right when he matched four nitrogenous base with four emblematic symbols (in level 4), but at the level of 64 (64 hexagrams and 64 codons), he made some mistakes in the starting point of the calculation, and calculated the results incorrectly. Since the 1980s, many Chinese scholars have set up various options, only Wang LuChi in 2011 calculated correctly at level 64. In 2007, the writer also calculated at level 64 in a correct way. In this article, through appropriate steps of reasoning, the writer has gradually approached the reasonable options, and finally identified a single option suitable for the similarity between the Genetic code and I Ching. A prerequisite is prisented. One Biochemistry supposition is posed. The writer calculated at the level of 64 (64 Hexagrams and 64 codons) and got a very convincing and nice result. That does not prove that the Book of Changes similar to Genetics but also showed the former reflect the laws of nature.

Inorganic Phosphorus and Potassium Are Putative Indicators of Delayed Separation of Whole Blood

이재은,홍마리아,박슬기,유지인,왕진숙,신해원,김종완,한복기,신소연 질병관리본부 2016 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.7 No.2

Objectives: The delayed separation of whole blood can influence the concentrations of circulating blood components, including metabolites and cytokines. The aim of this study was to determine whether clinical-biochemistry analytes can be used to assess the delayed separation of whole blood. Methods: We investigated the plasma and serum concentrations of five clinicalbiochemistry analytes and free hemoglobin when the centrifugation of whole blood stored at 4˚C or room temperature was delayed for 4 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours, or 48 hours, and compared the values with those of matched samples that had been centrifuged within 2 hours after whole-blood collection. Results: The inorganic phosphorus (IP) levels in the plasma and serum samples were elevated ≥ 1.5-fold when whole-blood centrifugation was delayed at room temperature for 48 hours. Furthermore, the IP levels in the plasma samples showed excellent assessment accuracy [area under the receiver-operatingcharacteristic curve (AUC) > 0.9] after a 48-hour delay in whole-blood separation, and high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (95%) at an optimal cutoff point. The IP levels in the serum samples also exhibited good assessment accuracy (AUC > 0.8), and high sensitivity (81%) and specificity (100%). The potassium (K+) levels were elevated 1.4-fold in the serum samples following a 48-hour delay in whole-blood separation. The K+ levels showed excellent assessment accuracy (AUC > 0.9) following a 48-hour delay in whole-blood separation, and high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (91%) at an optimal cutoff point. Conclusion: Our study showed that the IP and K+ levels in the plasma or serum samples could be considered as putative indicators to determine whether wholeblood separation had been delayed for extended periods.