Effect of weakly coordinating anions on photo-stability enhancement of basic dyes in organic solvents

Woo, Sung Wun,Kim, Jeong Yun,Hwang, Tae Gyu,Lee, Jae Moon,Kim, Hong Mo,Namgoong, JinWoong,Yuk, Sim Bum,Kim, Jae Pil Elsevier 2019 Dyes and pigments Vol.160 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) offer two succinct advantages when they are introduced as counter anions in a dye. First, replacing strong electrostatic attraction between a cationic dye and its counter anion with the relatively weak electrostatic attraction from a WCA can improve photo-stability of the dye due to charge distribution. Second, the steric hindrance due to the WCAs forms a spatial obstacle between the unstable charged site of the cationic dye and an external element that may degrade the dye. In this study, WCAs are introduced as counter anions in basic dyes to improve their photostability. Basic Yellow 1, Rhodamine 6G, and Rhodamine B were selected as dyes due to their particularly low photostabilities among cationic dyes. Three WCAs were investigated, where two were composed of anions surrounded by fluorine moieties (hexafluorophosphate and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide), and one is surrounded by oxygen moieties (bis(oxalate)borate) Upon dissolving these dyes in three different organic solvents (Chloroform, Methylene Chloride, and Dimethylformamide), the photostabilities of almost all the WCA-substituted dyes were comparatively improved. The photo-stability of each WCA-substituted dye was especially improved in low polarity solvents and the bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide-basic dye pairs showed the highest photo-stabilities among four anion-dye pairs including the unsubstituted dyes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Three Weakly Coordinating Anions were introduced to three basic dyes. </LI> <LI> Spectral properties and electrical conductivities of dye solutions were measured. </LI> <LI> The photo-stability of each WCA-substituted dye was especially improved in low polarity solvents. </LI> <LI> Anion with large size and fluoride-terminal groups significantly improved the photo-stability of basic dyes. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effect of surfactant type on the dyeability and color resistance of semi-permanent basic hair dye

Kyeoungsook Yun,안춘순 한국의류학회 2023 Fashion and Textiles Vol.10 No.1

Basic Brown 16 pigment and three types of surfactants were used to prepare the cationic, nonionic, and anionic basic hair dyes. White hair and bleached hair were dyed using the three basic hair dyes and were shampooed 10 times using acidic, neutral, and alkaline shampoos prepared in the study. White hair and bleached hair dyed with the anionic basic hair dye resulted in a lower L*, a*, b* values and lower K/S values compared to the hair dyed with the cationic and nonionic basic hair dyes and the results were statistically significant at α = 0.05. Hair dyed with the anionic basic hair dye showed significantly higher ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE*ab values after 10 times of shampooing than those dyed with cationic and nonionic basic hair dyes (α = 0.05), indicating a lower color resistance for the anionic basic hair dye. Color difference after shampooing was significantly higher when alkaline shampoo was used (α = 0.05). Overall, the color difference after shampooing occurred more by the type of dye than by the type of shampoo.

High Lightfastness Acid Dyes Synthesized from Corresponding Anthraquinone Chromophore Utilizing a Sulfonation Reaction Part 2: Dyeing Properties on Polyamide and m-Aramid Fibers and Fastness

이의재,김근형,박채은,권수현,김경원,최재홍 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.3

This study aimed at investigating the dyeability of synthesized acid dyes on fine nylon and m-aramid and theirlight fastness. A sulfonic acid group was introduced into the corresponding hydrophobic dye, which has an anthraquinone structure, to allow dyeing capabilities through ionic bonding with the nylon and m-aramid. Dyeability on fine nylon and maramid was mainly evaluated by the UV-Vis absorbance at maximum absorption wavelength (λmax). As the dyeing temperature increased to 110 oC, the exhaustion rate of synthesized acid dyes increased. The synthesized acid dyes showed higher adsorption rates when dyeing occurred at high temperature. For fine nylon, as the synthesized acid dye concentration increased, the K/S value increased to 2.5 % o.w.f. and remained at that level thereafter. The fastness of light, wash, rubbing, and perspiration of fine nylon fabric dyed at these optimum conditions had higher ratings than those of commercial acid dyes. Regarding m-aramid dyeing, the grade of light fastness was higher than that of the commercial basic dye.

Characteristics and electrical conductivity of graphene and graphene oxide for adsorption of cationic dyes from liquids: Kinetic and thermodynamic study

Omid Moradi,Vinod Kumar Gupta,Shilpi Agarwal,Inderjeet Tyagi,Mohammad Asif,Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf,Hamidreza Sadegh,Ramin Shahryari-ghoshekandi 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.28 No.-

Graphene (G) and Graphene oxide (GO) were employed in the present study for the removal of two toxiccationic dye Basic Red 12 (BR 12) and Basic Red 46 (BR 46), from aqueous solutions. Graphene oxide wassynthesized by Hummer–Offeman method, and then characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), and FT-IR(Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy). The influence of various physico-chemical parameters suchas electrical conductivity behaviors, contact time, solution pH, dye concentration and temperature werewell investigated and elucidated. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the toxic dye removal processwere also investigated; results clearly depicts that the kinetics of the removal of BR 12 and BR 46 using Gand GO as adsorbents follows a pseudo-second-order model. G and GO exhibited high-adsorptioncapacity for BR 12 and BR 46. The dye removal depends on the initial pH of the solution with themaximum uptake occurring at about pH 9. Moreover, the thermodynamic results confirmed thatadsorption of dye BR 46 on G and GO were exothermic and adsorption of dye BR 12 on G and GO wereendothermic in nature. The electrical conductivity behaviors of the aqueous solution were found to beenhanced by oxidation of graphene.

Influence of adsorption parameters of basic red dye 46 by the rough and treated Algerian natural phosphates

Zahra Graba,Souaad Hamoudi,Djebar Bekka,Nacer Bezzi,Rabah Boukherroub 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.25 No.-

The paper reports on the adsorption behavior of basic red dye 46 from aqueous solution onto rough and treated Algerian natural phosphates. Adsorption tests were realized in static mode on natural rock phosphate and treated samples by sifting, chemical or thermal way. The adsorption process was evaluated as a function of various operating parameters such as contact time, pH of the medium, temperature, concentration, agitation speed and adsorbent mass. The adsorption ability depends mainly on the nature of mineralogical species as well as on the smoothness of the grains. It was found that the dye has more affinity for the carbonate-rich than for the phosphate-rich material. The amount of the dye adsorbed increases with the mass of adsorbent. The adsorption process was pH-dependent with a high adsorption capacity at pH 8. The chemical and thermal treatments performed on different phosphate samples have affected negatively their adsorption capacity of the dye used. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. The equilibrium data fit well the Langmuir isotherm. The calculations of the maximum amounts (qm) obtained from this model have shown that it is the fine fraction (T) which adsorbs the highest amount (28.5 mg g1), followed by the coarse fraction (C) (15.62 mg g1) and raw phosphate (RP) (14.7 mg g1). The best results were obtained for dye concentration of 15 mg g1, adsorbent mass of 3 g L1, agitation speed of 300 trs min1, and pH 8 at 20 8C. The experimental data were analyzed using three kinetic models: the pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intraparticle diffusion models. The linear regression, standard statistics of root mean squared error (RMSE) was carried out to support the best fit kinetic models. Based on the low RMSE values, the pseudo second order model is the one that best describes the adsorption of basic red dye 46 on phosphates. The results obtained in this study suggest that Algerian natural phosphates may be used as an efficient and low cost sorbent material for organic pollutants, and thus represent a promising alternative for eliminating dyes from industrial wastewaters.

Photocatalytic degradation of textile dye CI Basic Yellow 28 wastewater by Degussa P25 based TiO₂

Konecoglu, Gulhan,Safak, Toygun,Kalpakli, Yasemen,Akgun, Mesut Techno-Press 2015 Advances in environmental research Vol.4 No.1

Wastewaters of textile industry cause high volume colour and harmful substance pollutions. Photocatalytic degradation is a method which gives opportunity of reduction of organic pollutants such as dye containing wastewaters. In this study, photocatalytic degradation of C.I. Basic Yellow 28 (BY28) as a model dye contaminant was carried out using Degussa P25 in a photocatalytic reactor. The experiments were followed out at three different azo dye concentrations in a reactor equipped UV-A lamp (365 nm) as a light source. Azo dye removal efficiencies were examined with total organic carbon and UV-vis measurements. As a result of experiments, maximum degradation efficiency was obtained as 100% at BY28 concentration of $50mgL^{-1}$ for the reaction time of 2.5 h. The photodegradation of BY28 was described by a pseudo-first-order kinetic model modified with the langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. The adsorption equilibrium constant and the rate constant of the surface reaction were calculated as $K_{dye}=6.689{\cdot}10^{-2}L\;mg^{-1}$ and $k_c=0.599mg\;L^{-1}min^{-1}$, respectively.

Adsorptive properties of molasses modified boron enrichment waste based nanoclay for removal of basic dyes

Vinod Kumar Gupta,Shilpi Agarwal,Asim Olgun,Halil I brahim Demir,Mehmet Lutfi Yola,Necip Atar 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.34 No.-

In this study, the removal of cationic dyes, Basic Red 46 (BR46) and Basic Blue 41 (BB41), from aqueoussolution using boron enrichment waste (BW) and molasses modified boron enrichment waste (MBW)based nanoclays was presented in a batch system and fixed-bed column system. The effects of pH,contact time, initial solution concentration, adsorbent dosage, temperature of batch operation on theuptake of both dyes were investigated. The adsorption data were further performed on the basis ofkinetic and isotherm models. According to the results, the dye removal capacity of MBW was higher thanthat of BW. The studies demonstrated that the adsorption patterns occurred according to Langmuirisotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption of two dyes is spontaneous andexothermic in nature. Breakthrough curves obtained from fixed-bed column tests showed that columnadsorption capacities provided strong evidence of the potential of the nanoclay for the technologicalapplications of the basic dyes removal from aqueous solutions.

석탄계 입상활성탄을 이용한 수용액으로부터 염기성 염료의 제거

최한아(Han Ah Choi),박하늘(Ha Neul Park),문혜원(Hye Woon Moon),김은빈(Eun Bin Kim),장연우(Yeon Woo Jang),원성욱(Sung Wook Won) 한국청정기술학회 2017 청정기술 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구에서는 석탄계 입상활성탄을 이용하여 수용액으로부터 염기성 염료 Basic Blue 3 (BB3)의 흡착에 대해 조사하였다. 모든 실험은 회분공정에서 수행하였고, 활성탄의 투입량, 접촉시간, 초기농도 및 온도와 같은 흡착변수들에 대해 평가하였다. 활성탄의 투입량이 증가할수록 BB3 제거율도 증가하였으며, 활성탄 0.2 g 이상에서 초기농도 50 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>의 BB3가 100%제거되었다. 또한, 흡착평형에 도달하는 시간은 염료의 초기농도에 의존적이었다. Langmuir 모델에 따르면, 석탄계 입상활성탄의 최대흡착량은 25, 35, 45 ℃에서 66.45, 84.97, 87.19 mg g<SUP>-1</SUP>으로 산출되었다. 그리고 Gibbs 자유에너지 변화량, 엔탈피변화량, 엔트로피 변화량과 같은 열역학적 변수들에 대해 평가하였다. This research studied the adsorption of basic dye, Basic Blue 3 (BB3) by using coal-based granular activated carbon (C-GAC) from aqueous solution. All experiments were performed in batch processes, and adsorption parameters such as C-GAC dosage, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature were evaluated. The removal efficiency of BB3 was increased with increasing the C-GAC dosage and 100% of initial concentration, 50 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> was removed above 0.2 g of C-GAC. Also, the time to reach equilibrium depended on the initial dye concentration. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum uptakes of C-GAC were calculated to be 66.45, 84.97 and 87.19 mg g<SUP>-1</SUP> at 25, 35 and 45 ℃, respectively. In addition, thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy change, enthalpy change and entropy change were investigated.

Preparation of sawdust functionalized with aspartic acid and its sorption capacity, kinetics and thermodynamics for basic dyes

Fenghong Huang,Renmin Gong,Na Li,Shoujun Ni,Pingzhen Guo 한국화학공학회 2010 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.27 No.5

An ion exchanger with carboxyl groups as active sites was prepared by activating sawdust with epichlorohydrin,followed by coupling the epoxy-activated sawdust with aspartic acid. The optimal sorption condition, sorption capacity, kinetics and thermodynamics of basic dyes on sawdust ion exchanger (SIE) from aqueous solution were investigated in a batch system. Two basic dyes, methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV), were selected as sorbates. The optimal pH value of MB and CV solutions for favorable sorption was pH 4 and above. The removal ratios of MB and CV on SIE increased with increasing sorbent dose but decreased with increasing dye concentration. The isothermal data of MB and CV sorbed on SIE correlated basically with the Langmuir model. The maximum sorption capacity (Qm) of SIE for MB and CV was 222.22 and 232.56 mg/g, respectively. The sorption equilibriums of MB and CV on SIE were reached at about 9 h, and the sorption processes could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study indicated that the sorptions of MB and CV on SIE were spontaneous and endothermic at the predetermined temperatures. High temperatures were favorable for the sorption processes.

Coffee waste as potential adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes from aqueous solution

Amor Hafiane,Ridha Lafi,Anouar ben Fradj,B.H. Hameed 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.12

We evaluated the adsorption performance of coffee waste (CW), collected from coffee shops, for the removalof two basic dyes, toluidine blue (TB) and crystal violet (CV), from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experimentswere conducted under different conditions including contact time, initial concentration of dye, pH, sorbent dosage andtemperature. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms were tested to examinethe adsorption behavior. The equilibrium data were well fitted by Langmuir isotherm model. The kinetic study indicatesthat adsorption follows the pseudo second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be as highas 142.5 mg/g for TB and 125 mg/g for CV, which makes CW a prospective adsorbent for the removal of basic dyesfrom aqueous solution.