미세먼지 저감 시멘트 공정 중 화합물 대체연료에 의한 발생분진 속 수용성 질산 이온 저감효과

김상현,이현석 한국물리학회 2021 새물리 Vol.71 No.2

Fossil fuels in the cement manufacturing process generate dust including water-soluble salts during heating process. The nitrate and the sulfate components in the dust enter into the selective non-catalytic reduction facility and react with water containing urea, resulting in the formation of by-products such as sulfuric and nitric acids which may cause corrosion of the facility. Although wastes replace some parts of fossil fuels in the process, the risks from alternative fuels have yet to be systematically reported. Here, we investigate the correlation between alternative fuels in the heating process and the synthesized water-soluble components of dust. After three aromatic compounds are burned together with a cement mixture, the collected dust is made into aqueous solutions. Using ion chromatography, investigate the nitrate and sulfate ions in the aqueous solutions. As a result, the concentration of water-soluble nitrate ions in the dust is found to be lower for all aromatic compounds. We, thus, conclude that alternative fuels based on aromatic wastes can be effectively used in fine-dust-reduction cement processes. 시멘트 제조 공정 내 화석연료는 가열 시 수용성 염을 포함한 분진을 생성한다. 분진의 질산염과황산염 성분은 선택적 비촉매 환원 설비에 유입 후 요소수와 반응하여 황산 및 질산으로 바뀌어설비의 부식을 초래할 수 있다. 비록 공정 중 폐기물이 화석연료 일부를 대체하지만 대체 연료에의한 위해 요소는 구체적으로 보고된 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 가열공정에 투입된 대체연료와 발생분진의 수용성 성분에 미치는 상관관계를 조사하였다. 3가지의 방향족 화합물을 시멘트혼합물과 함께 연소시킨 후 발생하는 분진을 포집하여 수용액으로 만든 후, 이온 크로마토그래피분석법을 이용하여 수용액 속 질산이온 및 황산이온을 검출하였다. 그 결과 3가지 방향족 화합물모두에서 분진 속 수용성 질산이온 함량이 감소하는 효과를 보였다. 이를 통해 방향족 화합물에 기반한 폐기물 대체 연료가 미세먼지 저감을 위한 시멘트 공정에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다는 결론을 도출할 수 있다.

시멘트 클링커 소성공정 대체연료 사용량과 시멘트 품질간 상관관계 연구

최재원(Jaewon Choi),구경모(Kyung-Mo Koo),유병노(Byeong-Know You),차완호(Wan-Ho Cha),강봉희(Bong-Hee Kang) 한국건설순환자원학회 2021 한국건설순환자원학회 논문집 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구에서는 시멘트 제조공정에서 연료로 사용된 가연성 산업부산물 및 생활폐기물 대체연료 사용량과 시멘트 품질 중에서도 화학성분, 광물조성, 압축강도간의 상관관계를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 천연연료로서 유연탄, 대체연료로서 연질 플라스틱류(비닐류 등 풍력에 의해 비산되기 쉬운 성질의 플라스틱류), 경질 플라스틱류(이물질이 혼입되거나, 폐고무, PP 등 풍력에 비산되지 않는 성질의 플라스틱류), 재생유를 사용하는 국내 A시멘트 제조사 소성설비의 2017∼2019년 3년간의 연료투입량을 독립변수로 하고, 시멘트 품질 데이터를 종속변수로 하여 요인 회귀분석을 이용한 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 대체연료의 종류 및 품질에 따라서는 화학성분(염소 및 LSF) 및 광물조성(f-CaO, C₃S량)에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 시멘트 압축강도를 저하할 것이라는 우려와는 달리 대체연료 사용량과 시멘트 압축강도간에 유의한 양의 상관관계가 성립하는 것으로 분석되었다. In this study, the correlation between cement quality(chemical composition, mineral composition, and compressive strength) and amount of waste alternative fuels used in the cement manufacturing process and was investigated. Cement manufacturing facility using coal, soft plastics(plastics that are easily scattered by wind power, such as vinyls), hard plastics(plastics that do not contain foreign substances, waste rubber, PP, etc.) and reclaimed oil was analised. Data was collected for 3 years from 2017 to 2019 and let the amount of fuels used as an independent variable and cement quality data as a dependent variable. As a result, depending on the type and quality of the alternative fuel has not a significant effect on the chemical composition(Cl and LSF) and mineral composition(f-CaO, C₃S contents). Contrary to the concern that the compressive strength of cement would decrease, there was a significant positive correlation between amount of alternative fuel used and cement compressive strength.

Prototype SDSS for Refueling Service Infrastructure Planning

Jong-Geun Kim 한국지도학회 2011 한국지도학회지 Vol.11 No.1

대체연료 충전을 위한 기반시설의 효율적 설계 및 개발은 신에너지 경제의 촉진을 위해 필요하다. 본 논문은 GIS와 입지모델을 결합하여 공간의사결정지원 시스템(SDSS)의 원형을 개발하였다. 사용된 입지 모델은 일회 주유에 따른 주행거리가 제한적인 대체연료 차량을 대상으로 최대의 충전 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 지점에 충전소를 입지하며, 이때 운전자는 주유를 위해 기-종점 간의 최적경로에서 벗어나 우회할 수도 있다고 가정한다. 개발된 SDSS는 확장가능할 뿐 아니라 의사결정자가 다양한 수요 시나리오를 탐색할 수 있다. 이를 통해 대체연료차 운전자의 우회 행태, 시장 수요의 공간적 분포, 주행거리, 기존 시설물에 관한 상이한 가설을 세우고 그 결과를 실험할 수 있다. 주어진 조건을 만족하는 최선의 충전소 위치에 관한 결과는 지도 및 통계와 같은 다양한 산출물로 보고된다. Efficient methods for the development of alternative-fuel refueling infrastructure are essential in accelerating the transition to a new energy economy. This paper develops a prototype spatial decision support system (SDSS) that integrates a location model into a GIS. The model locates refueling stations to refuel maximum volume of vehicle flows that may be on deviation paths. The extensible SDSS helps decision makers explore the effects of various alternative-fuel vehicle demand scenarios on the optimal station locations. The SDSS provides ample flexibility in combining different assumptions on alternative-fuel vehicle (AFV) drivers’ deviation behavior, spatial variation of AFV demand, vehicle range, and existing facilities. It provides multiple views of the results, including interactive maps and descriptive statistics while suggesting a best solution given the constraints.

경유 대체연료의 배출가스 특성 연구

곽순철(Soonchul Gwoak),서충열(Chungyul Seo),강대일(Daeil Kang),박정민(Jungmin Park),임윤성(Yoonsung Yim),황춘식,엄명도(Myoungdo Eom),김종춘(Jongchoon Kim),이영재(Youngjae Lee),표영덕(Youngdug Pyo),정충섭(Choongsub jung),장은정(Eunjung J 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Biodiesel and GTL which are getting interest recently because of there low environmental impact when used as alternative fuels for diesel engines. Futhermore, the engines would not require any significant modification. The tested diesel engines were fueled on blends of synthetic fuels/ultra low sulfur diesel fuel(ULSD). The authors studied regulated emissions(CO, NOx, HC, PM) of diesel alternative fuels using light-duty vehicles and described reduction rate of exhaust emissions of alternative fuels compare to conventional diesel.

고온형 연료전지 기반 통합형 발전시스템

김동섭(Tong Seop Kim),박성구(Sung Ku Park) 대한기계학회 2009 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.33 No.5

Fuel cells are expected to be promising future power sources in both aspects of thermal efficiency and environmental friendliness. Accordingly, worldwide research and development efforts have been enormously increasing recently in various applications such as power plants, transportation and portable power sources. Among others, high temperature fuel cells, such as solid oxide fuel cells and molten carbonate fuel cells, are suitable for electric power plants. Moreover, their high operating temperature is quite appropriate to construct further advanced integrated systems. This paper reviews recent literatures on research and development of integrated power generation systems based on high temperature fuel cells. Research and development efforts are summarized in the area of fuel cell/ gas turbine hybrid systems, application of carbon capture technology to fuel cell systems, integration of coal gasification with fuel cells, and the use of alternative fuels.

디젤기관 대체연료 미강유의 분사율 및 배기 배출물 특성

배명환(Myung-whan Bae),이봉섭(Bongsub Lee),임기창(Kichang Im),옥현진(Hyun-jin Ok),김인덕(In-deok Kim),한영욱(Young-wook Han),Syaiful,B. W. Riayndwita 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In order to investigate the effect of heated temperature on fuel injection rate for fuels such as light oil, blend of rice bran oil and light oil, and pure rice bran oil as a parameter of injection pump rack stroke, tests are performed by an injection pump tester at three kinds of cam shaft speed. In this study, also, the effects of rice bran oil properties on the fuel economy and exhaust emissions are experimentally examined by a single cylinder, four cycle, direct injection, water-cooled diesel engine operating at several engine loads and speeds. The fuel injection timing is fixed to 22° BTDC regardless of fuel types, engine loads and speeds. The kinematic viscosity of rice bran oil is very high compared with light oil. Also, the oxygen is not contained at all in light oil, while the oxygen contents of 10.7% are included in rice bran oil. In this study, results show that fuel injection rate increases as injection pump rack stroke and cam shaft speed are elevated at the same conditions, and as heated temperature is elevated with the exception of light oil. It is also found that brake specific fuel consumption rate and NOx emissions increase, while soot emissions decrease as the blending rate of rice bran oil is enriched. Thus we can conclude that the combustion process which affect the fuel economy and exhaust emissions of diesel engines using rice bran oil as a fuel is controlled by the differences of chemical and physical properties.

A Study on Engine Performance and Simultaneous Reduction of Smoke and NOx Emissions of DMM Fuel in Diesel Engines with EGR

김형곤 한국기계기술학회 2019 한국기계기술학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The fuel used in this study, DMM is an oxygen additive containing 42.5% oxygen by weight and dissolved in diesel fuel, also known as methyl alcohol or Dimethoxymethane (CH3-O-CH2-O-CH3). DMM, which is a colorless liquid, shows chemical characteristics of gas-liquid and is also used as a diesel fuel component. In this study, five mixtures were added to the common diesel fuel at DMM addition rates of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5% by volume. A single cylinder, four strokes, DI diesel engine was used as the test engine. Experimental data were also collected at 24 engine speed-load conditions operating in steady state. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of the addition ratio of oxidized fuel mixed in diesel fuel on engine power and exhaust performance. When compared with the common diesel fuel, the exhaust of Smoke was substantially reduced in all DMM mixing ratios. These results indicate that DMM can be an effective blend of diesel fuel and is an environmentally friendly alternative fuel. This study also shows that smoke and NOx emissions can be reduced at the same time through the application of oxygen fuel and EGR.

디젤 SUV에 대한 바이오디젤의 영향성 평가

박경민(Kyungmin Park),이정훈(Jeonghun Lee),소병두(Byeongdu So),유석종(Sukjong Yoo),이황구(Hwanggu Lee),김창회(Changhoi Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Biodiesel is already remarkable alternative fuel in many countries. So, many studies are performed on the environmental or economic effects as well as the characteristics of diesel engine fueled biodiesel in combustion and emission. In this paper, the influence of biodiesel fuel is evaluated by doing the fleet test and durability test in diesel SUVs. Vehicle fleet tests, targeted 10,000㎞ mileages, are done by general drivers who has careers above 5 years using their diesel SUVs on actual driving condition with various fueling patterns. In vehicle durability test, targeted 80,000㎞ mileages, used engines and fuel systems are inspected to evaluate the influence of biodiesel such as carbons in cylinder and corrosion in fuel tank or fuel lines. And these vehicles were checked the startability in cold condition, dynamic performance and NVH. As a result, because biodiesel fuel influenced on the performance and the noise of engines or vehicles negatively, many studies will be propel to develop the all system properly for biodiesel on diesel SUV.

직접분사식 디젤기관에서 바이오디젤 연료의 연소특성

장세호(S. H. Jang) 한국동력기계공학회 2007 한국동력기계공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Biodiesel fuel(BDF) which is easily produced from vegetable oils such as soybean oil and rice bran oil can be effectively used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine. However, BDF can affect the performance and emissions in diesel engine because it has different chemical and physical properties from diesel fuel. To investigate the combustion characteristics of Biodiesel fuel as an alternative fuel for D.I. diesel engine, the experiments carried out at the three-cylinder, four stroke D.I. diesel engine with T/C. The experiments are conducted with conventional diesel fuel and a blend of biodiesel fuel derived from soybean. As a result of experiments in a test engine, BSFC with blend of BDF resulted in higher than with diesel fuel. The ignition delay decreased with blend of BDF than with diesel fuel.

A Study on Engine Performance and Simultaneous Reduction of Smoke and NOx Emissions of DMM Fuel in Diesel Engines with EGR

Hyung Gon Kim 한국기계기술학회 2019 한국기계기술학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The fuel used in this study, DMM is an oxygen additive containing 42.5% oxygen by weight and dissolved in diesel fuel, also known as methyl alcohol or Dimethoxymethane (CH3-O-CH2-O-CH3). DMM, which is a colorless liquid, shows chemical characteristics of gas-liquid and is also used as a diesel fuel component. In this study, five mixtures were added to the common diesel fuel at DMM addition rates of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5% by volume. A single cylinder, four strokes, DI diesel engine was used as the test engine. Experimental data were also collected at 24 engine speed-load conditions operating in steady state. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of the addition ratio of oxidized fuel mixed in diesel fuel on engine power and exhaust performance. When compared with the common diesel fuel, the exhaust of Smoke was substantially reduced in all DMM mixing ratios. These results indicate that DMM can be an effective blend of diesel fuel and is an environmentally friendly alternative fuel. This study also shows that smoke and NOx emissions can be reduced at the same time through the application of oxygen fuel and EGR.