삼국유사에 나타나는 밀본의 실체

장활식 동국대학교 WISE(와이즈)캠퍼스 신라문화연구소 2016 新羅文化 Vol.47 No.-

『Remaining Records of Three Kingdoms』(『三國遺事』), a late 13th century text, introduced a mysterious 7th-century Esoteric Buddhist monk called MilBorn(密本). The literal meaning of ‘MilBorn’ is the Founder or Root of Secret Buddhism. The text stated MilBorn had two main disciples who developed their own sects of Secret Buddhism in Silla(新羅): MyungRang(明朗) of Shin-In-Jong(神印宗) that emphasized to dissolve kingdom-wide crises by performing rituals at alters and HyeTong(惠通) of Chong-Ji-Jong(摠持宗) that focused on relieving personal misfortunes, such as diseases, by chanting secret spells. However, nothing is known about MilBorn except that he had cured the diseases of Qeen Seondeok(善德女王: reigned 632~647) and Kim, Yaang-Dou(金良圖), a young noble boy who later became an envoy to China. A troubling fact is that there is no indication that MyungRang, who is claimed to defeat Chinese invasions in 670 by performing the Mudra Rituals(文豆婁秘法), can in any way be related to MilBorn who mainly engaged in curing diseases. 『Biographies of Eminent Korean Monks』(『海東高僧傳』), an early 13th century text, described AhnHaam(安含), an Esoteric Buddhist monk also referred to as AhnHong(安弘), who contributed to the Silla’s unification of the Three Kingdoms by populating Buddhism in Silla, according to 『Remaining Records of Three Kingdoms』. AhnHaam(i.e, AhnHong) had many great achievements in his life: bringing from Sui(隋) to Silla in 605 numerous sutras and a śarīra(舍利) claimed to be that of Śākyamuni(釋迦牟尼), inviting three Indian Tripiṭiaka Masters(三藏法師) and two Chinese monks in 625 from Tang(唐) to translate an esoteric sutra titled 『A Mysterious Woman of Sandalwood Incense and Burning Star Lights』(栴檀香火星光妙女經), proposing to bury Queen SeonDeok after her death at Trayastriṃśa(忉利天) and to consequently build the Four Devas Temple(四天王寺) below the Trayastriṃśa, and demanding to construct a nine-story pagoda at HwangYong Temple(黃龍寺九層塔)to defeat neighboring kingdoms. MyungRang is considered by many scholars to be most strongly influenced by AhnHaam(AhnHong) who laid out the master plan for building the Buddha Land(佛國土) in Silla. This paper found that AhnHaam(AhnHong) was arbitrarily renamed as MilBorn by Monk EelYeon, the author of 『Remaining Records of Three Kingdoms』. Monk EelYeon considered AhnHaam(AhnHong) as the founder of Secret Buddhism in Silla, but did not to explicitly state that MilBorn is an alias for AhnHong. For that reason, many historians up to this point have considered AhnHaam(AhnHong) as a totally different person with MilBorn. EelYeon hid the true identity of MilBorn because AhnHaam(AhnHong) was the one who predicted the downfall of Koguryo(高句麗) in his prophetic writings. EelYeon regarded the prophecy as a curse, because he was a monk of Koryo(高麗), a descendant kingdom of Koguryo.

신라하대 사회와 불교계 동향 -도의국사 선사상 이해를 중심으로- 신라하대 사회와 불교계 동향 한국불교학 52집

김양정 한국불교학회 2008 韓國佛敎學 Vol.52 No.-

The study is a treatise to examine the society of the Shilla’s latter period and the Buddhist circles in order to understand in that the national master Doeui’s Seon thought. We should have a detailed grasp of the Buddhist circles’s tendency in order to know the national master Doeui’s Seon thought and the character of the Southern school of the Chan that the national master Doeui brought before his return to Shilla kingdom from China. In this point of view, this manuscript is to be illuminated the Society of the Shilla’s latter period and the Buddhist circles’s tendency. This is to recognize that human being and history is mutually inseparable existence. Such character is from the view what religion and thought are same point. Accordingly this writer illuminated socio-political situation, the Buddhist circles’s tendency of the Shilla’s latter period and transmission of the Northern school of the Chan. However in this manuscript I commented on the point of paying no attention to the Northern school of the Chan in emphasize excessively the Southern school of the Chan and observed the reality of Ahnhong who is the previous figure of Shinhaeng who transmitted the Northern school of the Chan. Namely, it is a new understanding of the Langkavatara Sutra which Ahnhong spread and the way of Seon practice centering around the Langkavatara Sutra. This meant that Seon practice is autogenous within the Shilla society. About this public discussion is required in the academic world. 본 고찰은 도의국사의 선사상을 이해하기 위한 전제에서 신라하대 사회의 불교계 동향을 살펴본 글이다. 도의국사의 선사상, 그리고 도의가 갖고 온 남종선의 성격을 알기 위해서는 도의국사가 중국에서 귀국하기 이전의 불교계 동향을 세밀하게 파악해야 한다. 이런 입장에서 본고는 신라하대의 사회와 불교계 동향을 조명하였다. 이는 역사와 인간은 상호 불가분의 존재라는 것을 인정하고 이런 성격은 종교와 사상도 동일하다고 본 입장에서 나온 것이다. 이에 필자는 신라하대의 정치 사회적 상황, 신라하대의 불교계의 움직임, 북종선의 전래 등을 조명하여 보았다. 그런데 본고에서는 지금껏 남종선을 지나치게 강조하면서 북종선을 소홀하게 여겼다는 입장을 비판하고, 북종선 전래자인 신행의 선대 인물인 안홍의 실체를 주목하였다. 즉 안홍이 유포한 능가경과 능가경을 중심으로 한 수행방법을 재인식 해야 함이 바로 그것이다. 이는 신라사회 내부에서 선수행이 자생되었음을 의미하는 것이다. 이에 대해서 학계의 공론화가 요청된다.

『삼성기』 저자 안함로에 관한 고찰

노종상(Roh Jong Sang) 세계환단학회 2015 세계환단학회지 Vol.2 No.1

이 논문은 우리 상고사를 기록한 「삼성기三聖記」의 저자 안함로安含老에 대한 연구이다. 「삼성기」는 1911년 만주 관전현寬甸縣에서 독립운동가 계연수桂延壽에 의해 간행된 『환단고기』를 통해 처음 모습을 드러냈다. 다섯 편의 사서로 이루어져 있는 『환단고기』의 첫 권이 「삼성기전」이다. 「삼성기전」은 상, 하편으로 구성되어 있다. 안함로는 「삼성기」 상권의 저자이다. 본고의 연구목적은 안함로가 누구인지를 밝히는 것이다. 안함로는 「삼성기」저자로서 그 모습을 드러낸 이후 일부의 주장에 의해 의혹의 대상이 되어왔다. 따라서 본 연구는 일차적으로 안함로에 대한 의혹을 해명하는 작업으로 이루어졌다. 본고가 연구목적을 위해 주목하는 것은 『삼국유사』 고조선 조에 인용되고 있는 『고기』이다. 여기에는 몇 가지 이유가 있다. 하나는 기존 사학계에서 우리 상고사를 논의할 때 가장 먼저, 그리고 반드시 언급되는 것이 바로 이 기록이기 때문이다. 다른 하나는 『고기』와 「삼성기」가 우리 상고사를 기록한 사서라는 공통점이 있기 때문이다. 마지막으로 『고기』가 「삼성기」 저자 안함로 문제를 풀어낼 수 있는 실마리가 될 수 있다고 믿기 때문이다. 본고는 기존 사학계의 연구 성과는 물론 각종 문헌자료를 통해 다양한 고증을 시도하였다. 논의 결과 『고기』가 『삼한고기』 혹은 『해동고기』의 약칭으로서 동일서책임을 확인하였다. 그리고 『삼한고기』의 저자가 신라의 고승 안홍安弘(→안함安含)이라는 문헌자료를 검증하였다. 마지막으로 「삼성기」가 『고기』의 내용과 일치한다는 내용을 논의하였다. 따라서 본고는 「삼성기」의 저자 안함로가 바로 안함(→안홍)이라는 결론을 내릴 수 있었다. This article is a study on AhnHamlo, the author of SamSeonggi. Samseonggi is a Book about our ancient history. Samseonggi is a Book in Hwandangogi that was published by Yeonsoo Gye, in Gwanjeonhyeon, Manjoo in 1911. The first volume of Hwandangogi was Samseonggijeon. That was composed of Book 1 and 2. AhnHamlo was the author of Book 1. This study’s purpose was to determine who AhnHamlo was. After he wrote Samseonggi, he became the object of suspicion by claim of others. Therefore, first of all, this study had to explain his identity. For the purpose of this study, I payed attention in Gogi that had been quoted in GoJoseon, Samgukyousa. There were some reasons. First, that was the article which must be referenced when we discussed our ancient history. Second, Gogi and Samseonggi had common because they were books about our ancient history. Finally, Goggi was believed to become a clue that could solve the problem about AhnHamlo. This study tried to ascertain historical truths by searching historical studies and literature materials. As a result, Gogi was considered to be equal to Samgangogi or haedonggogi. And the author of Samhangogi was thought to be Anhhong(→Anham), the high priest of Buddhism, in Silla. Lastly, Samseonggi and Gogi had similar content. Therefore, this study drew a conclusion that AhnHamlo, the author of Samseonggi was Anham(Ahnhong).