보조기기 열린페이지: 노인과 장애인을 위한 보조기기 오픈소스 공유 플랫폼 디자인 연구

김지해,안광옥,노은래,권효순,은선덕 한국에이치씨아이학회 2022 한국HCI학회 논문지 Vol.17 No.1

Assistive technology that is customized to individuals according to the characteristics of users (elderly and individuals with disabilities) and that requires appropriate technology application needs to be researched, developed, and disseminated through assistive technology open-source sharing platform. The researchers examined existing assistive technology open-source sharing platforms abroad (viz., Careables.org, Makers Making Change, Thingiverse) based on menu structures, main functions, and open-source classification criteria for assistive technology. A pilot website was developed and operated to receive requests for research and development of assistive technology and to share open source. Interviews were conducted with users of the pilot website, including the elderly, individuals with disabilities, and employees of the assistive device center who participated in the research and development of assistive technology. The interview results were analyzed by thematic analysis method to derive the development direction and implications for the assistive technology open-source sharing platform. The study drew implications for co-design on assistive technology for people with disability and the elderly, digital manufacturing, and sharing of open source hardware. Accordingly, the assistive technology open-source sharing platform should be a platform that can be easily accessed by stakeholders, support co-design, actively communicate, reproduce and recreate open source, and utilize open source appropriately. 보조기기는 사용자(노인 및 장애인)의 특성에 따라 개인에게 맞춤화되고, 적정 기술을 적용하는 것이 필요하다. 이러한 특성을 가진 보조기기는 보조기기 오픈소스 공유 플랫폼을 통해 연구 개발되고 확산될 필요가 있다. 본연구에서는 기존의 해외 보조기기 오픈소스 공유 플랫폼인 Careables.org, Makers Making Change, Thingiverse의메뉴 구조, 주요 기능, 보조기기 오픈소스 분류 기준을 살펴보고 종합적 시사점을 도출하였다. 또한, 보조기기 연구개발에 대한 수요를 접수하는 기능과 보조기기 오픈소스를 공유하는 기능을 하는 시범 운영 웹사이트를 개발하고 운영하였다. 웹사이트 이용자와 보조기기 연구개발에 참여한 노인, 장애인, 보조기기 센터 등을 대상으로 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 인터뷰 결과는 Atlas.ti 프로그램을 사용하여 주제분석 방법으로 분석하였고, 보조기기 오픈소스 공유 플랫폼 개발 방향과 시사점을 도출하였다. 장애인, 노인에게 적합한 보조기기에 대한 공동 연구, 디지털 제조, 오픈소스 하드웨어 공유에 대한 시사점을 바탕으로 국내의 보조기기 오픈소스 공유 플랫폼 디자인 방향을 제시한 것이다. 보조기기 오픈소스 공유 플랫폼은 다양한 이해관계자들이 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 플랫폼, 공동 설계를 지원할 수 있는플랫폼, 커뮤니케이션이 활발히 이루어질 수 있는 플랫폼, 공유물을 재현할 수 있도록 지원하는 플랫폼, 공유물을 적절히 활용할 수 있는 플랫폼이 되어야 한다.

양면시장에서 플랫폼 경쟁과 개방 기술 효과

박종국 ( Chong Kook Park ) 한국산업조직학회 2013 産業組織硏究 Vol.21 No.4

본 논문은 두 개의 플랫폼이 경쟁하는 양면시장에서 두 그룹의 사용자들이 싱글호밍을 하는 경우와 멀티호밍을 하는 경우에 발생하는 균형을 도출하고 개방 기술(open source technology)의 효과를 분석한다. 개방 기술 채택에 따른 전환비용이 매우 낮은 경우에 싱글호밍에서 개방 기술을 채택하는 체제의 사회후생은 두 플랫폼이 모두 영리 기술을 택하는 체제의 사회후생보다 더 높다. 멀티호밍에서도 같은 결과를 얻는다. 싱글호밍과 멀티호밍에서 개방 기술로 인한 각 플랫폼의 이윤은 조건에 따라서 증가, 감소, 또는 동일하다. 멀티호밍에서 개방 기술을 채택한 플랫폼 기업의 이윤은 싱글호밍에서 개방 기술을 채택한 플랫폼 기업의 이윤과 동일한 데 비해서, 멀티호밍에서 개방 기술을 채택한 경우의 사회후생은 싱글호밍에서 개방 기술을 채택한 경우의 사회후생보다 높다. 이는 멀티호밍이 싱글호밍보다 사회적으로 우월함을 말하며 대표적인 양면시장이라 할 수 있는 ICT분야에서 멀티호밍과 개방 기술을 장려할 필요성이 있음을 시사한다. This paper investigates the effects of the open source technology when user groups are single-homers or multi-homers in a two-sided market. We consider two schemes of technology adoption by the platforms as follows: the Scheme One is both of two platforms take the proprietary technology, and the Scheme Two is one platform takes the open source technology, with another platform taking the proprietary technology. In a single-homing case when the switching cost for adopting the open source technology is low, social welfare under the Scheme Two is higher than that under the Scheme One. The same result is obtained in a multi-homing case. Under the Scheme Two, social welfare with the multi-homing is higher than that with the single-homing, even though the profit of a open source platform under the multi-homing is same as that under the single-homing. This implies the two-sided market with the open source technology is superior to that with the proprietary technology when the multihoming is allowed.

국방 AI 개발 활성화를 위한 군 R&D Open Source Platform 구축 필요성

이상근,장상국 광운대학교 방위사업연구소 2022 선진국방연구 Vol.5 No.3

Nations with advanced military capabilities are now focusing on developing AI algorithms for weapon system intellectualization development to retain their dominance. However, such endeavors are expensive in terms of time, effort, and resources, so it is necessary to develop it using open source to expand sharing and cooperation with industry–academic–government research and development collaboration. This study is aimed at elaborating the need for adoption of it and suggesting future implementation and improvement of open source SW in military despite the negative impact of security vulnerabilities when applied to the military weapon system. For this, the present study was design to investigate the benefit (intercommunity and cooperation) and harm (military sovereignty and technology vulnerability) of this open source platform through analysis of domestic and international case with defense area. The results of the study indicate that establishing an appropriate platform can help secure military sovereignty and prevent technology subordination, increase the efficiency of AI R&D, ensure collaboration and connectivity between weapons systems, and strengthen software security. 군사 선진국은 AI 기반의 무기체계 지능화를 위해 국방 AI Algorithm 개발에 주력하고 있다. 그러나 무기체계에 AI를 접목하기 위한 Algorithm 개발은 많은 시간과 노력, 예산이 소요되므로 산⋅학⋅연과 공유⋅협업을 확대하기 위한 Open Source를 활용한 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 Open Source SW의 군 무기체계에 적용 시 보안 취약점의 부정적 영향에도 군 활용의 필요성을 제기하고, 활용⋅개선 방안을 제시하는데 있다. 이를 위해 국내외 및 국방 분야의 오픈 소스 플랫폼(Open Source Platform) 활용에 관한 사례분석을 중심으로 Open Source의 개방형 공유와 협업의 긍정적 측면과 기술 종속화와 보안 취약점 노출의 부정적 측면에서 시사점을 도출하였다. 이런 결과를 토대로 우리 군의 군사주권 확보 및 기술 종속화 방지, AI 연구개발의 효율성 증대, 무기체계간 협업과 연결성 보장, SW의 보안성 강화를 위해 Open Source Platform 구축의 필요성을 제기하였다. 또한, Open Source Platform의 역할과 운용 및 Source Code 관리 차원에서 정책적 발전 방향과 후속연구 제언을 제시하였다.

딥러닝 오픈소스 프레임워크의 사례연구를 통한 도입 전략 도출

최은주(Eunjoo Choi),이준영(Junyeong Lee),한인구(Ingoo Han) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2020 지능정보연구 Vol.26 No.4

Many companies on information and communication technology make public their own developed AI technology, for example, Googles TensorFlow, Facebooks PyTorch, Microsofts CNTK. By releasing deep learning open source software to the public, the relationship with the developer community and the artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem can be strengthened, and users can perform experiment, implementation and improvement of it. Accordingly, the field of machine learning is growing rapidly, and developers are using and reproducing various learning algorithms in each field. Although various analysis of open source software has been made, there is a lack of studies to help develop or use deep learning open source software in the industry. This study thus attempts to derive a strategy for adopting the framework through case studies of a deep learning open source framework. Based on the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework and literature review related to the adoption of open source software, we employed the case study framework that includes technological factors as perceived relative advantage, perceived compatibility, perceived complexity, and perceived trialability, organizational factors as management support and knowledge & expertise, and environmental factors as availability of technology skills and services, and platform long term viability. We conducted a case study analysis of three companies adoption cases (two cases of success and one case of failure) and revealed that seven out of eight TOE factors and several factors regarding company, team and resource are significant for the adoption of deep learning open source framework. By organizing the case study analysis results, we provided five important success factors for adopting deep learning framework: the knowledge and expertise of developers in the team, hardware (GPU) environment, data enterprise cooperation system, deep learning framework platform, deep learning framework work tool service. In order for an organization to successfully adopt a deep learning open source framework, at the stage of using the framework, first, the hardware (GPU) environment for AI R&D group must support the knowledge and expertise of the developers in the team. Second, it is necessary to support the use of deep learning frameworks by research developers through collecting and managing data inside and outside the company with a data enterprise cooperation system. Third, deep learning research expertise must be supplemented through cooperation with researchers from academic institutions such as universities and research institutes. Satisfying three procedures in the stage of using the deep learning framework, companies will increase the number of deep learning research developers, the ability to use the deep learning framework, and the support of GPU resource. In the proliferation stage of the deep learning framework, fourth, a company makes the deep learning framework platform that improves the research efficiency and effectiveness of the developers, for example, the optimization of the hardware (GPU) environment automatically. Fifth, the deep learning framework tool service team complements the developers expertise through sharing the information of the external deep learning open source framework community to the in-house community and activating developer retraining and seminars. To implement the identified five success factors, a step-by-step enterprise procedure for adoption of the deep learning framework was proposed: defining the project problem, confirming whether the deep learning methodology is the right method, confirming whether the deep learning framework is the right tool, using the deep learning framework by the enterprise, spreading the framework of the enterprise. The first three steps (i.e. defining the project problem, confirming whether the deep learning methodology is the right method, and confirming whether the deep learning framewo

오픈소스 기반 분산원장기술 시스템을 위한 보안 강화 방안

박근덕,김대경,염흥열 한국정보보호학회 2019 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.29 No.4

Distributed ledger technology, which is attracting attention as an emerging technology related to the 4th IndustrialRevolution, is implemented as an open source based distributed ledger technology system and widely used for developmentwith various applications (or services), but the security functions provided by the distributed general ledger system are veryinsufficient. This paper proposes security enhancements for distributed ledger technology systems based on open source. Todo so, potential security threats that may occur under running an open source based distributed ledger technology systemsare identified and security functional requirements against the security threats identified are provided by analyzing legislationand security certification criteria (ISMS-P). In addition, it proposes a method to implement the security functions required foran open source based distributed ledger technology systems through analysis of security functional components of CommonCriteria (CC), an international standard. 4차 산업 혁명 관련 신흥 기술로 주목받고 있는 분산원장기술은 오픈소스 기반 분산원장기술 시스템(또는 분산원장기술 플랫폼)으로 구현되어 다양한 애플리케이션(또는 서비스) 개발 시 널리 활용되고 있으나, 오픈소스 기반 분산원장기술 시스템에서 제공하는 보안 기능은 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 오픈소스 기반 분산원장기술 시스템 운용 시 발생할 수 있는 잠재적인 보안 위협을 식별하고, 국내 법규 및 보안 인증 기준(ISMS-P, InformationSecurity Management System-Privacy)을 분석하여 보안 위협에 대응할 수 있는 보안기능 요구사항을 도출한다. 그리고 국제 표준인 공통평가기준(CC, Common Criteria)의 보안기능 컴포넌트 분석을 통하여 오픈소스 기반분산원장기술 시스템에 필요한 보안 기능을 구현할 수 있는 방안을 제안함으로서 보안을 강화하고자 한다.

상호운용성, 공개 표준과 오픈 소스

정재훈 서울대학교 기술과법센터 2007 Law & technology Vol.3 No.1

상호운용성은 IT업계의 화두이며, 소비자의 선택을 확대함으로써 경쟁적이고 혁신적인 IT생태계를 촉진하기 위한 중요한 목표이다. 이는 異기종시스템과 기기의 구성요소들이 서로 데이터와 정보를 교환하고 사용할 수 있는 능력을 말한다. 상호운용성은 대체가능성이나 호환성과는 구별된다. 상호운용성을 달성하는 방법에는 제품 설계, 업계의 협력, 지적재산권 라이선스 및 표준 구현 등의 방법이 있다. 표준은 그 중의 한 가지 방법일 뿐이므로 상호운용성은 표준 보다도 상위개념이다. 공개 표준은 기술 中立的인 개념으로서 특정 개발방식 및 라이선스 모델을 일컫는 오픈 소스는 구별되는 개념이다. 공개 표준은 전유 소프트웨어나 오픈소스 소프트웨어에서 모두 구현될 수 있다. 오픈 소스 진영에서는“상호운용=공개 표준 구현=오픈소스 소프트웨어”라는 식의 논리를 가지고 상호운용성을 달성하기 위한 유일한 방법이‘무상(royalty-free)조건의’공개 표준이고 공개 표준을 실현시키기 위한 가장 좋은 방법이 오픈 소스이며, 지적재산권을 강제 실시하는 방법을 통해 공개표준을 달성해야 한다고 주장한다. 그러나 공개 표준의 정의에 있어서 무상 라이선스 요건을 고집할 경우, 그 동안 지적재산권을 RAND 조건으로 라이선스 하는 방식을 통해 특허권자의 기대와 표준 참여자의 요구 사이에 성공적으로 유지해온 균형은 물론, 오랜 기간 동안 기술 표준의 개발 및 확산 및 기술혁신에 성공적이고 효과적으로 기여해 온 메커니즘을 위협함으로써 기술혁신과 경쟁 및 상호 운용성을 저해할 우려가 있다. 따라서 그러한 요건이 모든 공개 표준에 대한 정의로 제도화되어서는 아니 된다고 본다. 오히려 일부 오픈 소스는 자유로운 수정 변경가능성 및 GPL조건으로 인해 잠재적으로 상호운용성을 해할 수 있고 공개 표준의 구현을 배제할 가능성도 있다. 그렇지만 GNU GPL과 같은 라이선스 조건을 채택하지 아니한 오픈 소스는 RAND조건의 표준을 구현하는데 문제가 없다. 다양한 공개 표준을 바탕으로 한 경쟁관계를 통해 업계 주도하에 이루어지는 자발적인 표준 수립 노력이 가장 바람직한 방법이다. 정부는 상호운용성과 관련하여 기술 중립적인 정책을 견지하며, 장기적인 안목을 가지고 시장 내의 공정한 기술경쟁과 건전한 협력이 활성화될 수 있도록 노력하며 시장 개입여부는 신중하게 판단하는 것이 바람직하다. The most widely used definitions of interoperability describe multiple systems from multiple vendors having to seamlessly working together. There are many ways (by design, industry collaboration, IP licensing and standards) to achieve interoperability, of which standards is just one component. Open standards and open source software are entirely distinct concepts. Whether a standard qualified as“ open”has nothing to do with the type of the software used to implement the standard. It is equally feasible for an open standard to be implemented in proprietary software as in open source software (For example, both Mozilla and Internet Explorer implement HTML). The royalty-free licensing approach on the definition of open standards could threaten wellestablished and highly effective mechanisms that have succeeded for many years in fostering the development and widespread adoption of the best technical standards in the world and deter patent holders from participating in the standards development process. Intellectual property right in standards should be respected to ensure there is a balance between innovators and implementers. Thus, it should not be codified in a definition as a generic requirement for all“ open standards.” Several open source software characteristics impair its ability to achieve or maintain interoperability, notably: (1) the freedom of all users to modify the source code can potentially undermine interoperability; and (2) restrictions in certain open source licenses (such as the GPL) may preclude OSS from implementing open standards. Open standards exist to facilitate interoperability across various products and services in a marketplace of multiple, competing implementations, while ensuring that innovation is not stifled. Other types of standards, including broadly deployed and licensed“ proprietary standards,”such as Adobe’s PDF format and the Java and Win32R APIs, can also play an important role in achieving interoperability. Industry-led, voluntary standards-setting efforts are the most effective means to achieve interoperability. By contrast, government-established and mandated standards stifle innovation and competition. Governments are expected to take technology-neutral policies that create a level playing field and don’t interfere with healthy market competition and cooperation.

텍스트 마이닝 기법을 활용한 인공지능 기술개발 동향 분석 연구: 깃허브 상의 오픈 소스 소프트웨어 프로젝트를 대상으로

정지선,김동성,이홍주,김종우 한국지능정보시스템학회 2019 지능정보연구 Vol.25 No.1

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the main driving forces leading the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The technologies associated with AI have already shown superior abilities that are equal to or better than people in many fields including image and speech recognition. Particularly, many efforts have been actively given to identify the current technology trends and analyze development directions of it, because AI technologies can be utilized in a wide range of fields including medical, financial, manufacturing, service, and education fields. Major platforms that can develop complex AI algorithms for learning, reasoning, and recognition have been open to the public as open source projects. As a result, technologies and services that utilize them have increased rapidly. It has been confirmed as one of the major reasons for the fast development of AI technologies. Additionally, the spread of the technology is greatly in debt to open source software, developed by major global companies, supporting natural language recognition, speech recognition, and image recognition. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the practical trend of AI technology development by analyzing OSS projects associated with AI, which have been developed by the online collaboration of many parties. This study searched and collected a list of major projects related to AI, which were generated from 2000 to July 2018 on Github. This study confirmed the development trends of major technologies in detail by applying text mining technique targeting topic information, which indicates the characteristics of the collected projects and technical fields. The results of the analysis showed that the number of software development projects by year was less than 100 projects per year until 2013. However, it increased to 229 projects in 2014 and 597 projects in 2015. Particularly, the number of open source projects related to AI increased rapidly in 2016 (2,559 OSS projects). It was confirmed that the number of projects initiated in 2017 was 14,213, which is almost four-folds of the number of total projects generated from 2009 to 2016 (3,555 projects). The number of projects initiated from Jan to Jul 2018 was 8,737. The development trend of AI-related technologies was evaluated by dividing the study period into three phases. The appearance frequency of topics indicate the technology trends of AI-related OSS projects. The results showed that the natural language processing technology has continued to be at the top in all years. It implied that OSS had been developed continuously. Until 2015, Python, C ++, and Java, programming languages, were listed as the top ten frequently appeared topics. However, after 2016, programming languages other than Python disappeared from the top ten topics. Instead of them, platforms supporting the development of AI algorithms, such as TensorFlow and Keras, are showing high appearance frequency. Additionally, reinforcement learning algorithms and convolutional neural networks, which have been used in various fields, were frequently appeared topics. The results of topic network analysis showed that the most important topics of degree centrality were similar to those of appearance frequency. The main difference was that visualization and medical imaging topics were found at the top of the list, although they were not in the top of the list from 2009 to 2012. The results indicated that OSS was developed in the medical field in order to utilize the AI technology. Moreover, although the computer vision was in the top 10 of the appearance frequency list from 2013 to 2015, they were not in the top 10 of the degree centrality. The topics at the top of the degree centrality list were similar to those at the top of the appearance frequency list. It was found that the ranks of the composite neural network and reinforcement learning were changed slightly. The trend of technology development was examined using the appearance frequency of topics ... 제4차 산업혁명을 이끄는 주요 원동력 중 하나인 인공지능 기술은 이미지와 음성 인식 등 여러 분야에서 사람과 유사하거나 더 뛰어난 능력을 보이며, 사회 전반에 미치게 될 다양한 영향력으로 인하여 높은 주목을 받고있다. 특히, 인공지능 기술은 의료, 금융, 제조, 서비스, 교육 등 광범위한 분야에서 활용이 가능하기 때문에, 현재의 기술 동향을 파악하고 발전 방향을 분석하기 위한 노력들 또한 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 한편, 이러한 인공지능 기술의 급속한 발전 배경에는 학습, 추론, 인식 등의 복잡한 인공지능 알고리즘을 개발할 수 있는 주요플랫폼들이 오픈 소스로 공개되면서, 이를 활용한 기술과 서비스들의 개발이 비약적으로 증가하고 있는 것이주요 요인 중 하나로 확인된다. 또한, 주요 글로벌 기업들이 개발한 자연어 인식, 음성 인식, 이미지 인식 기능등의 인공지능 소프트웨어들이 오픈 소스 소프트웨어(OSS: Open Sources Software)로 무료로 공개되면서 기술확산에 크게 기여하고 있다. 이에 따라, 본 연구에서는 온라인상에서 다수의 협업을 통하여 개발이 이루어지고있는 인공지능과 관련된 주요 오픈 소스 소프트웨어 프로젝트들을 분석하여, 인공지능 기술 개발 현황에 대한보다 실질적인 동향을 파악하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 깃허브(Github) 상에서 2000년부터 2018년 7월까지 생성된인공지능과 관련된 주요 프로젝트들의 목록을 검색 및 수집하였으며, 수집 된 프로젝트들의 특징과 기술 분야를 의미하는 토픽 정보들을 대상으로 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 적용하여 주요 기술들의 개발 동향을 연도별로 상세하게 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 인공지능과 관련된 오픈 소스 소프트웨어들은 2016년을 기준으로 급격하게 증가하는 추세이며, 토픽들의 관계 분석을 통하여 주요 기술 동향이 ‘알고리즘’, ‘프로그래밍 언어’, ‘응용분야’, ‘개발 도구’의 범주로 구분하는 것이 가능함을 확인하였다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로, 향후 다양한 분야에서의 활용을 위해 개발되고 있는 인공지능 관련 기술들을 보다 상세하게 구분하여 확인하는 것이 가능할 것이며, 효과적인 발전 방향 모색과 변화 추이 분석에 활용이 가능할 것이다.

IT환경 변화에 따른 한국의 오픈소스 소프트웨어의 정책방향 연구

문상식(Sang-Sik Moon),김기홍(Gi-Hong Kim) 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2014 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to suggest the policy direction of Korea"s open-source software with the consideration of the change of IT market where the importance of mobile computing increases rapidly. As is well known, the source code of open-source software is open publicly so that anyone can use, change and distribute this software. It has comparative advantage in its production cost due to its unique way of production, and currently is regarded as a momentum to open a new technological breakthrough. The portion of mobile market was almost nothing when the policy of open-source software was initially being established. However, the change of IT market toward mobile computing makes it inevitable to change its policy direction toward developing new open-source mobile OS, which must be considered simultaneously with the build-up of mobile eco-system since no success of mobile OS without the efficient mobile eco-system. From this respect, Korean government should devise some ways how to cooperate with private enterprises in developing this software.

Open-source Software for Developing Appropriate Smart Manufacturing Technology for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)

Hyungjung Kim(Hyungjung Kim) 적정기술학회 2022 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.8 No.3

Manufacturing innovation promoted by the Fourth Industrial Revolution presents various technologies and policies for implementing future smart factories based on advances in information and communication technology (ICT). However, despite recent advances in smart manufacturing technologies, several difficulties in migrating conventional manufacturing to smart factories remain, particularly in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Among the recently emerging technologies, ICT-related technologies have been developed and utilized as open-source software (OSS) to accelerate their development through collective intelligence and community growth. In this study, to facilitate the identification of appropriate smart manufacturing solutions for personnel in SMEs with insufficient prior experience and knowledge using OSS, several reference architectures (RAs) are investigated to define a small RA that can be referenced to configure the mandatory functions during development as technical requirements. Subsequently, user-oriented requirements are summarized to determine the enabling OSS by considering the conditions of SMEs for the functional components in developing appropriate smart manufacturing technologies to form Internet of Things edge computing, and a recommendation for enabling OSS that guides the development of SMEs is proposed. In the evaluation, a small edge and gateway demonstration is performed using two single-board computers equipped with Raspberry Pi, where some of the recommended enabling OSS of Message Queuing Telemetry Transport via Wi-Fi, MySQL, Node-RED, and Python are used. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed approach is confirmed by evaluating the demonstration.

스마트기술의 함의와 저작권법의 과제

정진근(Jeong Jin-Keun) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2011 江原法學 Vol.33 No.-

Smart technology based on telecommunication technology have been developed for several years that we can enjoy the Ubiquitous era. There is no clear definition on Smart technology, but we can explain that the smart technology is the telecommunication technology that make for us to use data and computer programs in Ubiquitous circumstances. What are these smart technologies? What are important technologies for Smart technology? I can dictate that three technologies or technological circumstances are most important. Those are open source development system, smart phone platform and cloud computing technology. Those will affect on Copyright Act system. First, open source development system will make affect on decision who is the creator of the copyrightable works which should be protectable. For example, we can not define the creators of Linus Kernel because so many creators are attribute to create that. Second, smart phone platform will make affects on Copyright Act system, also. So called ‘From Web to App’ will demand the schema ‘From server to client’. Third, Cloud computing will make affects on Copyright Act system because could computing would change the use of copyrightable works in the form of objects to the form of services. It will threaten the Law of Realty of Copyright Act and demand the change into the Law of obligations for their contracts and services. Under the Ubiquitous era, we should persevere in our efforts to synchronize with technology and legal system.