중·소하천에서 부착미생물군집의 성장에 따른 불소 제거 효과 평가

김태경,류서영,박윤아,이종준,주광진,장광현,오종민 한국환경영향평가학회 2018 환경영향평가 Vol.27 No.6

This study was conducted to understand the growth of attached microbial community in small and medium streams of Gyeonggi-do and the removal efficiency of fluoride with changes in growth. The sites monitoring were carried out for 12 weeks at the P1 and P2(P1 is the point where the discharge water flows. P2 is the downstream point of about 2 km flow), and investigated the water quality and the biomass analysis of the attached microbial community. The growth of the attached microbial community increased up to the 7th investigation, and it was observed that detachment phenomenon occurred. Influencing factors about growth of the attached microbial community were flow rate, velocity, and organic material(T-N & T-P). Meanwhile, fluoride content of attached microbial community also tended to increase until the 7th investigation, and decrease from the 8th. It is assumed that fluoride content has also be reduced with the detachment phenomenon of the attached microbial community. It is expected that this will contribute to the evaluation and management of the use of attached microbial community as a means of stream management. The application of techniques using the attached microbial community should include basic investigation of factors that may affect the growth of the attached microbial community and replacement of the attachment plate according to the time of removal. 본 연구는 경기도 중소하천에서 하상의 부착미생물군집의 시간에 따른 생장 변화와 부착미생물군집의 성장에 따른 불소의 제거 효율을 파악하기 위해 수행하였다. 방류수가 유입되는 지점인 P1과 그 곳에서 약 2 km 유하한 하류 지점인 P2에서 12주 동안의 현장 모니터링을 실시하고, 조사 지점의 수질과 부착미생물군집의 생체량 분석을 진행하였다. 부착미생물군집의 성장량은 7차 조사 시점까지 증가하다 이후 탈리현상이 발생하는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 부착미생물군집의 성장에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 유량, 유속, 영양물질(질소, 인) 등으로 조사되었다. 한편, 부착미생물군집 체내의 불소 함유량 또한 7차 조사 시기까지 증가하다 8차 시점부터 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 부착미생물군집의 탈리현상에 의해 불소의함유량 또한 감소하였음을 사사한다. 이를 통해 하천 관리의 방안으로서 부착미생물군집의 활용법에 대한평가 및 관리에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 부착미생물군집을 활용한 기법의 적용 시에는 부착미생물군집의 성장에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인에 대한 기초 조사 및 탈리 시점에 따른 부착판 교체 방안 등이포함되어야할 것으로 사료된다.

Elevated CO₂ and nitrogen addition affect the microbial abundance but not the community structure in salt marsh ecosystem

Lee, Seung-Hoon,Megonigal, Patrick J.,Langley, Adam J.,Kang, Hojeong Elsevier 2017 Applied soil ecology Vol.117 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>With unique and important characteristics, salt marsh ecosystems are expected to be affected by elevated CO<SUB>2</SUB> and N enrichment. Although various studies have assessed the effects of those changes on the vegetation of salt marshes, little information is available about their impact on microbes. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the microbial community structure of soils responding to elevated CO<SUB>2</SUB> (eCO<SUB>2</SUB>) and N addition (N) over 3 years in salt marsh ecosystem. We employed pyrosequencing, T-RFLP analysis, and quantitative PCR to study the bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities. The overall results indicated that 1) eCO<SUB>2</SUB> and N affected the microbial abundance but not community structure significantly in salt marsh system, 2) due to their different ecophysiology, the responses of the three different microbial communities to eCO<SUB>2</SUB> and/or N addition varied with each group, 3) the composition (C3/C4 or diversity) of the plant community was important in structuring the microbial community of salt marsh ecosystems, which generally have low plant diversity, 4) the archaeal and fungal communities responded more strongly to eCO<SUB>2</SUB> and/or N addition than the bacterial community. This study represents the first comprehensive report of the effects of eCO<SUB>2</SUB> and/or N addition on the diverse microbial community structures of tidal marsh systems. It suggests that single or combined effect of eCO<SUB>2</SUB> and N on microbial abundance in salt marsh was obvious, and that the key groups playing an important role in the biogeochemical process can be shifted.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Elevated CO<SUB>2</SUB> and/or N affected the microbial abundance but not structure significantly. </LI> <LI> The responses of bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities varied with each group. </LI> <LI> The plant C3/C4 composition was important in structuring the microbial communities. </LI> <LI> The archaeal and fungal communities responded to eCO<SUB>2</SUB> and/or N more strongly. </LI> </UL> </P>

Use of Terminal Restriction Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) Analysis to Evaluate Uncultivable Microbial Community Structure of Soil

Chauhan, Puneet Singh,Shagol, Charlotte C.,Yim, Woo-Jong,Tipayno, Sherlyn C.,Kim, Chang-Gi,Sa, Tong-Min Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.1

Various environmental ecosystems are valuable sources for microbial ecology studies, and their analyses using recently developed molecular ecological approaches have drawn significant attention within the scientific community. Changes in the microbial community structures due to various anthropogenic activities can be evaluated by various culture-independent methods e.g. ARISA, DGGE, SSCP, T-RFLP, clone library, pyrosequencing, etc. Direct amplification of total community DNA and amplification of most conserved region (16S rRNA) are common initial steps, followed by either fingerprinting or sequencing analysis. Fingerprinting methods are relatively quicker than sequencing analysis in evaluating the changes in the microbial community. Being an efficient, sensitive and time- and cost effective method, T-RFLP is regularly used by many researchers to access the microbial diversity. Among various fingerprinting methods T-RFLP became an important tool in studying the microbial community structure because of its sensitivity and reproducibility. In this present review, we will discuss the important developments in T-RFLP methodology to distinguish the total microbial diversity and community composition in the various ecosystems.

Use of Terminal Restriction Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) Analysis to Evaluate Uncultivable Microbial Community Structure of Soil

Puneet Singh Chauhan,Charlotte C. Shagol,Woojong Yim,Sherlyn C. Tipayno,Chang-Gi Kim,Tongmin Sa 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.1

Various environmental ecosystems are valuable sources for microbial ecology studies, and their analyses using recently developed molecular ecological approaches have drawn significant attention within the scientific community. Changes in the microbial community structures due to various anthropogenic activities can be evaluated by various culture-independent methods e.g. ARISA, DGGE, SSCP, T-RFLP, clone library, pyrosequencing, etc. Direct amplification of total community DNA and amplification of most conserved region (16S rRNA) are common initial steps, followed by either fingerprinting or sequencing analysis. Fingerprinting methods are relatively quicker than sequencing analysis in evaluating the changes in the microbial community. Being an efficient, sensitive and time- and cost effective method, T-RFLP is regularly used by many researchers to access the microbial diversity. Among various fingerprinting methods T-RFLP became an important tool in studying the microbial community structure because of its sensitivity and reproducibility. In this present review, we will discuss the important developments in T-RFLP methodology to distinguish the total microbial diversity and community composition in the various ecosystems.

Characterization of Interphase Microbial Community in Luzhou-Flavored Liquor Manufacturing Pits of Various Ages by Polyphasic Detection Methods

( Hui Li ),( Jun Huang ),( Xinping Liu ),( Rongqing Zhou ),( Xiaofei Ding ),( Qianyin Xiang ),( Liqiang Zhang ),( Chongde Wu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.1

It is vital to understand the changing characteristics of interphase microbial communities and interspecies synergism during the fermentation of Chinese liquors. In this study, microbial communities in the three indispensable phases (pit mud, zaopei, and huangshui) of Luzhou-flavored liquor manufacturing pits and their shifts during cellars use were first investigated by polyphasic culture-independent approaches. The archaeal and eubacterial communities in the three phases were quantitatively assessed by combined phospholipid ether lipids/ phospholipid fatty acid analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. In addition, qualitative information regarding the microbial community was analyzed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Results suggested that the interphase microbial community profiles were quite different, and the proportions of specific microbial groups evolved gradually. Anaerobic bacteria and gram-positive bacteria were dominant and their numbers were higher in pit mud (10⁹ cells/g) than in huangshui (10⁷ cells/ml) and zaopei (10⁷cells/g). Hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaea were the dominant archaea, and their proportions were virtually unchanged in pit mud (around 65%), whereas they first increased and then decreased in zaopei (59%-82%-47%) and increased with pit age in huangshui (82%-92%). Interactions between microbial communities, especially between eubacteria and methanogens, played a key role in the formation of favorable niches for liquor fermentation. Furthermore, daqu (an essential saccharifying and fermentative agent) and metabolic regulation parameters greatly affected the microbial community.

Microbial communities change in an anaerobic digestion after application of microbial electrolysis cells

Lee, Beom,Park, Jun-Gyu,Shin, Won-Beom,Tian, Dong-Jie,Jun, Hang-Bae Elsevier 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.234 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are being studied to improve the efficiency of anaerobic digesters and biogas production. In the present study, we investigated the effects of electrochemical reactions in AD-MEC (anaerobic digester combined with MECs) on changes in the microbial communities of bulk sludge through 454-pyrosequencing analysis, as well as the effect of these changes on anaerobic digestion. <I>Methanobacterium beijingense</I> and <I>Methanobacterium petrolearium</I> were the dominant archaeal species in AD, while <I>Methanosarcina thermophila</I> and <I>Methanobacterium formicicum</I> were dominant in AD-MEC at steady-state. There were no substantial differences in dominant bacterial species. <I>Clostridia</I> class was more abundant than <I>Bacteroidia</I> class in both reactors. Compared to AD, AD-MEC showed a 40% increase in overall bacterial population, increasing the removal of organic matters and the conversion of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Thus, the MEC reaction more effectively converts organic matters to VFAs and activates microbial communities favorable for methane production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Improving the generation of renewable sources of energy. </LI> <LI> Anaerobic digester and anaerobic digester combined with microbial electrolysis cells. </LI> <LI> Archaeal communities between the AD and AD-MEC. </LI> <LI> Increased methane production using activated microbial communities. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Changes in the structure of microbial communities were observed in the bulk sludge of conventional anaerobic digester and anaerobic digester combined with microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). According to the results, there was a difference in the dominant species of the two reactors, where anaerobic digester combined with a MECs activates microbial communities associated with acetoclastic methanogens, thereby resulting in increased methane production.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

고농도 염분폐수의 정화능이 우수한 기능성 미생물 커뮤니티의 군집 분석

이재원 ( Jae Won Lee ),김병혁 ( Byung Hyuk Kim ),박용석 ( Yong Seok Park ),송영채 ( Young Chae Song ),고성철 ( Sung Cheol Koh ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2014 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.42 No.4

본 연구에서는 고염폐수의 정화능이 우수한 미생물 기능성 커뮤니티 HWTC (Highsalt Wastewater Treatment Community)를 이용한 고염폐수 처리시스템을 개발하였으며, HWTC의 미생물 군집의 다양성을 확인해 보았다. HWTC의 고염폐수 처리능력은 HRT 2.5일만에 CODcr 84%의 처리효율로 확인하였다. 미생물 군집분석은 PCR-DGGE기법과 16S rRNA gene clone library를 통하여 미생물 다양성을 확인하였다. 4%의 염농도의 폐수에서 우점하는 미생물은 Halomonas sp.와 Paenibacillus sp.로 나타났고, phylogenetic tree 분석을 통해 γ-proteobacteria 속하는 미생물의 다양성이 높게 나타났으며, firmicutes속 하는 미생물이 우점하고 있었다. 고염폐수를 처리할 수 있는 미생물 기능성 커뮤니티 HWTC를 이용하여, 고염의 폐수 정화를 가능하게 할 것으로 판단된다. In this study, a wastewater treatment system for hypersaline wastewater utilizing the Hypersaline Wastewater Treatment Community (HWTC) has been developed. The hypersaline wastewater treatment efficiency and microbial community of the HWTC were investigated. The average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand were 84% in an HRT of 2.5 days. Microbial community analysis, by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments and 16S rRNA gene clone library, revealed community diversity. The 16S rRNA gene analysis of dominant microbial bacteria in 4% hypersaline wastewater confirmed the presence of Halomonas sp. and Paenibacillus sp. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the taxonomic affiliation of the dominant species in the HWTC was γ-proteobacteria and firmicutes. These results indicate the possibility that an appropriate hypersaline wastewater treatment system can be designed using acclimated sludge with a halophilic community.

Metabolic Modeling of Microbial Community Interactions for Health, Environmental and Biotechnological Applications

Ang, Kok Siong,Lakshmanan, Meiyappan,Lee, Na-Rae,Lee, Dong-Yup Bentham Science Publishers 2018 Current genomics Vol.19 No.8

<P>In nature, microbes do not exist in isolation but co-exist in a variety of ecological and biological environments and on various host organisms. Due to their close proximity, these microbes interact among themselves, and also with the hosts in both positive and negative manners. Moreover, these interactions may modulate dynamically upon external stimulus as well as internal community changes. This demands systematic techniques such as mathematical modeling to understand the intrinsic community behavior. Here, we reviewed various approaches for metabolic modeling of microbial communities. If detailed species-specific information is available, segregated models of individual organisms can be constructed and connected via metabolite exchanges; otherwise, the community may be represented as a lumped network of metabolic reactions. The constructed models can then be simulated to help fill knowledge gaps, and generate testable hypotheses for designing new experiments. More importantly, such community models have been developed to study microbial interactions in various niches such as host microbiome, biogeochemical and bioremediation, waste water treatment and synthetic consortia. As such, the metabolic modeling efforts have allowed us to gain new insights into the natural and synthetic microbial communities, and design interventions to achieve specific goals. Finally, potential directions for future development in metabolic modeling of microbial communities were also discussed.</P>

Seasonal Change of Sediment Microbial Communities and Methane Emission in Young and Old Mangrove Forests in Xuan Thuy National Park

( Cuong Tu Ho ),( Unno Tatsuya ),( Son Giang Nguyen ),( Thi-hanh Nguyen ),( Son Truong Dinh ),( Son Tho Le ),( Thi-minh-hanh Pham ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2024 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.34 No.3

Microbial communities in mangrove forests have recently been intensively investigated to explain the ecosystem function of mangroves. In this study, the soil microbial communities under young (< 11 years-old) and old ( >17 years-old) mangroves have been studied during dry and wet seasons. In addition, biogeochemical properties of sediments and methane emission from the two different mangrove ages were measured. The results showed that young and old mangrove soil microbial communities were significantly different on both seasons. Seasons seem to affect microbial communities more than the mangrove age does. Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were two top abundant phyla showing >15%. Physio-chemical properties of sediment samples showed no significant difference between mangrove ages, seasons, nor depth levels, except for TOC showing significant difference between the two seasons. The methane emission rates from the mangroves varied depending on seasons and ages of the mangrove. However, this did not show significant correlation with the microbial community shifts, suggesting that abundance of methanogens was not the driving factor for mangrove soil microbial communities.

Contrasting patterns of the bacterial and archaeal communities in a high-elevation river in northwestern China

Yang Hu,Jian Cai,Chengrong Bai,Keqiang Shao,Xiangming Tang,Guang Gao 한국미생물학회 2018 The journal of microbiology Vol.56 No.2

The patterns of macrobiota in lotic ecosystems have been extensively explored, however, the dynamics of microbiota remain poorly investigated, especially in the high-elevation region. To address this deficit, we collected eight samples to unveil the bacterial and archaeal community in the Kaidu river, located at the arid region of northwestern China (an average of 2,500 m a.s.l.). For the bacterial community, phylogenetically Betaproteobacteria prevailed, followed by Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria; at the finer genus level, Limnohabitans and Variovorax were prominent. Along the river, the bacterial community showed a continuous succession. Specifically, their α- and β-diversity gradually increased, suggesting a distance-decay pattern. Additionally, there was an ecological transition between the dominant and the rare sub-community along the river: the relative abundance of the dominant members gradually decreased as the rare members increased. We report that temperature and spatial distance were significantly related to the variation of bacterial community. Variance partitioning analysis showed that the environmental factors contributed more to the bacterial community than did the spatial distance. In the case of the archaeal community, the methanogenic groups, mainly Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina, were prominent within the Kaidu river. Unlike the continuous change in the patterns of the bacterial community, the archaeal community showed a constant pattern along the river. Our results showed that the archaeal community was independent of the environmental and spatial factors. We propose that the inoculation of soil-derived archaea is responsible for the archaeal community in the Kaidu river. Together, our study demonstrated that the bacterial community in the high-elevation Kaidu river is a continuum, whereas the archaeal community is not.