도산사건의 실증적 연구와 법원의 역할 - 개인도산사건을 중심으로 -

김동현 ( Kim Donghyeon ) 사법정책연구원 2021 연구보고서 Vol.2021 No.6

Compared to general civil laws and criminal laws, bankruptcy laws have more concern on promoting the policy of rehabilitation and revitalization of individuals and the national economy, than on adjudicating “right or wrong”. Bankruptcy laws are also intended to balance such policy effects with the rights of creditors who would lose their claims in the bankruptcy process. In order to examine if bankruptcy laws has served and will be serving the intended functions of these policies, this research focuses on the current status and challenges of empirical studies on such policy-oriented bankruptcy legislation. With this purpose in mind, this research first examines the U.S. Consumer Bankruptcy Project (CBP). The CBP is a series of empirical studies on consumer bankruptcy that were conducted on a large scale, five times, from 1980 to 2015 and has been considered as an exemplary model of empirical research on consumer bankruptcy. Investigators of the CBP collected and analyzed data to address various research agendas, which have been also utilized by many other researchers for their individual studies. In addition, this research reviews other various domestic and foreign empirical studies. Implications could be derived from the research agendas and methodologies used by these studies, which may shed some lights on how to develop empirical research in Korea. For the development of the bankruptcy system in Korea, more empirical research needs to be conducted in the future. The court is critical in fostering an environment for this empirical research because it has records of bankruptcy cases, which are the most important data in empirical research, and it has the relevant expertise gained from overseeing bankruptcy cases. As an example of empirical research conducted by the court, the Seoul Rehabilitation Court has been working on establishing database that can be the basis for empirical research. This important work has been, however, conducted by full-time judges, trustees in bankruptcy, and personal rehabilitation commissioners as their schedule permits. Considering that academia has long appealed to the court for the need of empirical data for the development of the bankruptcy system through more empirical research in Korea, measures to ensure that the current works of the Seoul Rehabilitation Court continue and expand nationwide need to be devised. Given the importance of the role of the court in fostering empirical research in this area, lessons could be found from the U.S. Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA), which lays the responsibility of collecting empirical data on federal courts. Having such a provision may not be necessary for courts in Korea to establish a database for empirical research; however, having such a provision could have unnecessary debates avoided on the role of the court and provide legislative ground for securing budgets and personnels. If conditions allow, the court could also consider adopting research agendas and conducting full-fledged empirical research by itself. Under the current organization structure of the Judiciary of Korea, the Judicial Policy Research Institute (JPRI) would be an appropriate institution that carries out such tasks; however, the JPRI would need to recruit and retain professional researchers with expertise in empirical studies in advance. If empirical studies are conducted by the court, the method and scope of publication of research results also need to be considered. In particular, decision-makers would need to discuss and decide whether the research results would be open to public; and if so, they would need to decide how they would be made available and whether a translated version in major foreign languages such as English would be provided. In order to reduce the workload caused by empirical research, the electronic system of the court needs to be improved to computerize court records and facilitate data retrieval. It is suggested to expand the e-Form reporting system by trustees in bankruptcy nationwide, to introduce the e-Form system even in personal rehabilitation procedures, and to take measures to automatically extract data from formalized forms in consideration of the growing number of electronic lawsuits.

잡 크래프팅에 관한 통합적 문헌 고찰: 국내 양적연구를 중심으로

김민지,박용호 한국콘텐츠학회 2019 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.19 No.11

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trends of studying on job crafting in Korea and explore the future direction of studying on job crafting. For this purpose, this study selected KCI indexed 61 empirical studies which are published by end of August 2019. Through the analyzing on these 61 empirical articles on job crafting, this study tried to show the trends about Korean translation of ‘job crafting’, measurement scale, dimensions, and related variables. The results showed that mostly empirical studies on job crafting have been conducted after 2015. The academic field of those studies are mainly in psychology, human resource development, human resource management and tourism. The study results identified also there are various translated Korean terminology for ‘job crafting’ in Korean empirical studies. Regarding the measurement scale, the fact that Job Crafting Questionnaire and Job Crafting Scale has been mostly used was found. The results showed that the job crafting has been used equally as independent, dependent, and mediator variables. Finally, the empirical studies on job crafting in Korea have identified 48 predictors and 29 research variables that were predicted by job crafting. Among those variables, several ones have been used as a predictor and a variable which is affected by job crafting based on study settings. Based on the study results, theoretical and practical implications are suggested for future studies. 본 연구는 국내 잡 크래프팅 연구에 대한 기초자료와 향후 연구의 방향을 제시하고자 통합적 문헌 고찰을 실시하였다. 이를 위하여 2019년 8월까지 KCI 등재지 혹은 등재후보지에 발표된 논문 중 양적연구 61편을 연구대상으로 선정하여, 용어번역, 측정도구와 하위요인 구성, 변인 활용, 선행변인, 결과변인 등에 대해 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 국내 잡 크래프팅 연구는 2015년에 들어서면서 본격적으로 양적인 확대가 이루어졌으며, 심리학, 인적자원개발학, 경영학, 관광학 등의 분야에서 발표되고 있다는 점이 확인되었다. 또한 ‘job crafting’에 대한 매우 다양한 용어번역이 활용되고 있다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 측정도구와 관련하여서는 Job Crafting Questionnaire, Job Crafting Scale 등이 가장 활발히 활용되고 있다는 점이 밝혀졌다. 또한 잡 크래프팅은 국내의 양적연구에서 독립변인, 종속변인, 매개변인 등으로 고르게 활용되고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 끝으로 국내 연구에서는 총 48개의 선행변인과 29개의 결과변인이 잡 크래프팅과 유의미한 관계를 맺고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 일부 변인은 연구에 따라 선행요인과 결과변인 모두로 활용될 수 있다는 사실도 밝혀졌다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 이론적 시사점과 실천적 시사점 및 향후 연구의 제언도 본 연구는 포함하고 있다.

학생들의 역사 이해를 이해하기: 국외에서의 경험 연구와 역사교육에의 함의

김진아 한국역사연구회 2022 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.125

In this paper, I emphasized that empirical studies are significant in terms of particularities and specific purposes of history education research. Based on this idea, I reviewed a series of research of how students understand history and investigated the meanings and implications of these empirical studies. Before 1980s, studies of students’ historical understanding focused on evaluating students’ cognitive abilities grounded in Piaget’s theories of developmental stages. Since 1980s, however, with a wide range of critiques toward Piaget’s theories as well as introductions of constructivism, studies have tried to understand how students interact with history. In this study, I categorized empirical studies conducted after 1980s in three different fields: 1) Students’ understandings of historical contexts, 2) students’ reliance on historical narratives, and 3) students’ approaches to sources and historical inquiry. I, then, stressed that empirical studies help history educators grasp students’ historical thinking and understand what students can do with history. Eventually I argued that history educators need to actively conduct empirical studies on students’ historical understanding, and the results of empirical studies should be the basis for the discussions of history curriculum and instruction.

국내 CPTED 연구 비교분석

김상운 ( Sang Woon Kim ) 한국경찰학회 2012 한국경찰학회보 Vol.14 No.6

1960년대 초반 Jane Jacobs에 의해 처음으로 고안된 “환경설계를 통한 범죄예방(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: CPTED)"은 범죄에 대한 기준이 인간중심이었던 연구에서 물리적 환경과 범죄가 발생할 수 있는 상황에 의해 범죄가 발생한다는 배경을 바탕으로 소개되었다. 이후, 건축과 주변환경에 대해 CPTED가 미치는 영향, CPTED 요소에 대한 연구, CPTED 활용 방안 등 다양한 형태의 CPTED 연구가 실행되었다. 국내에서도, 1980년대 후반 처음 CPTED 연구가 시행된 이래 다양한 형태의 CPTED 연구가 실행되었다. 2000년대에 들어와 물리적 환경과 CPTED 전략을 적용하여 범죄를 예방하기 위한 활동을 실시하는 사례가 증가하였다. 신축건축물에 CPTED 전략을 적용하여 건축물을 만들거나, CCTV를 설치하는 등 다양한 형태의 사례가 소개되었다. 적용사례의 소개와 동시에 국내 CPTED 연구를 살펴보면, 문헌연구와 실증적 연구로 나뉘어져 있다. 초기 문헌연구의 경우 CPTED에 대한 요소별 소개와 외국사례에 대한 소개가 주를 이루고 있으며, 2000년대 중반 이후의 문헌연구는 각 범죄별 적용 방안에 대한 연구가 주를 이루었다. CPTED 실증연구의 경우 각 요소별 효과성, 범죄영향력에 대한 실증적 연구가 대부분 이었다. 그러나 실증연구의 경우 CPTED 실증연구 활동들이 얼마나 효과성이 있으며, 어떠한 차이가 있는지에 대한 연구가 전무한 실정이다. 특히, 우리나라에서는 공공주택을 중심으로 CPTED 연구가 집중되어 있으며, 각기 적용되는 CPTED 요소가 연구별로 달리 적용되는 등 평가내용에 대한 기준이 통일되어 있지 않는 등의 문제가 대두되었다. 이 연구에서는 2000년대 이후 국내에서 실시되었던, CPTED 실증연구를 비교하여, 국내 CPTED 연구의 특성과 효과성에 대한 차이를 비교 분석해 보았다. It used to be thought that Crimes are just related to human factors. But in the early 1960s, CPTED initially devised by Jane Jacobs focused on the physical environment and situations that crimes are easy to be committed. Since then, various forms of study were conducted about CPTED like The influence of CPTED to construction and environment around it, Study on the CPTED elements, Utilization of CPTED etc. In Korea, diverse forms of study were conducted after the initial study from the late 1980s. Particularly, in 2000s, crime prevention through physical environment and CPTED strategy was practiced frequently. When constructing new buildings, CPTED strategy was used and CCTV was installed according to the strategy. Various practical use of CPTED was also introduced. Domestic CPTED study is divided into two parts, Documentary Research and Empirical Study. Early documentary research emphasize on the introduction of CPTED elements and foreign CPTED study. After the middle of 2000s, documentary research placed emphasis on the use of CPTED to each crimes. In the case of empirical study, most of it was Effectiveness of each CPTED elements and Influence of CPTED to each crimes. But the empirical study of CPTED lacks in defining how effective it is and what is different among each kind of empirical studies. Especially in Korea, Several problems were suggested about CPTED study. The study zooms in on public housing too much and there were no unified standard in evaluating the study. In each study, CPTED elements were applied differently. Therefore, this study made a comparison empirical study of CPTED research after 2000s. And this study made a comparative analysis about domestic CPTED studies, notably focused on features and effectiveness of them.

도산 안창호의 다차원적 리더십에 관한 실증 연구

최청평(Choi Chung Pyung),윤천성(Chun Sung Youn) 대한리더십학회 2017 리더십연구 Vol.8 No.3

The purpose of this study is to study characteristics of Dosan, Ahn Chang Ho s leadership. Through the literature review of the theoretical background, the present situation of the independence movement of Dosan and the leadership of the Dosan which is fused in the movement, it was analyzed according to the leadership theory. As a result of the study, it was analyzed that the leadership styles in all independence movements through fusion and integration were exerted in total. In chapter Ⅲ, as a quantitative method to demonstrate qualitative results, it was decided to carry out over twice a Survey on Awareness of Dosan, Ahn Chang Ho s Leadership of the Heungsadan -Membership, As a result of this cognitive survey analysis, Heungsadan Mem-ber was recognized as high and uniform that Dosan has fused, integrated, and played a multitude of multidimensional leadership styles in numerous independence movements. Therefore, in Chapter Ⅳ, we analyzed the results of the comprehensive study through literature study of the theoretical background of Chapter Ⅱ and the empirical cognition survey of Chapter Ⅲ, and in the chapter Ⅴ summarize and conclude the study. This is summarized as follows. First, Dosan was a true person. Dosan has taken the lead in life and lived a true leader. He believed well.that the most powerful weapon of independence is the “strength of well trained personality of individual people” and the “strength of the alliance” based on the individual strength. Dosan s great leadership is dissolved in Dosan s personality and It was a natural footstool that was matured without being conscious of itself Second, the previous research literature on Dosan was biased toward several leadership types according to the researcher s field of specialization, On the other hand, previous researchers, they have been ignoring overlooking that Dosan excelled in various types of leadership overall through synergy and integration. It was suggested that the essential and core characteristics of the leadership of the Dosan have not been achieved. Third, as a result of the study of the theoretical background of this study, Dosan, Ahn Chang Ho did not show any specific leadership bias in his independence movement throughout his life, It shows that various types of leadership have been integrated and converged through synergistic effects by Dosan, Fourth, as a result of the 1st and 2nd recognition survey about Dosan s diverse leadership skills, It was proved that the Heungshadan- memvers was aware of it universal, common, high and even. Fifth, as a result of this study, it was known again that Dosan was a great person who played an integral role in converging and integrating “various types of leadership styles” in the independence movement of the whole life, I would like to emphasize that the characteristic of leadership of diverse dimension of Ahn Chang Ho is “Dosan, Ahn Chang Ho s Multidimensional Leadership”. 도산 안창호(島山 安昌浩, 1878~1938)는 구한말 일본의 식민 지배에 맞서 대한 독립을 위해 전 생애를 투신한 독립 운동가였다. 소년기에 청일 전쟁을 목격하고 ‘힘’ 없는 나라의 말로를 탄하며 구국과 독립의 필요를 자각하고 독립협회 운동에 참여를 시작으로 독립운동에 투신한 이래 전 생애를 통하여 국내는 물론 미주, 중국 원동, 러시아 등 도처의 독립 운동가들을 규합하여 일본 식민통치에 대항하였다. 도산의 독립운동의 행보를 리더십 유형별로 분류, 검토한 바에 의하면 독립운동 학습기, 각성기(1878~1899)에는 주로 유, 소년기의 타고난 지도적 인성, 즉 리더십 특성론의 카리스마 리더십(Charisma Leadership)을 지니고 서당에서 군자(君子)와 성군(聖君)의 도(道)를 익히는 유학(儒學)을 공부하고 신사조(新思潮)와 망국병(亡國炳)을 일깨워준 청년 선각자(先覺者) 필대은과 교유(交遊)하며, 서울로 올라와 운명적으로 접하게 된 밀러학당(救世軍 學堂)에서 기독교 사상과 서구문화를 접하고 또한 초반기의 독립운동가 서재필(徐載弼)의 독립협회(獨立協會) 회원으로 가담하면서 독립운동을 학습하며 자각하고 각성하면서 셀프리더십(Self-Leadership)을 키운다. 이후 청일 전쟁과 일제 침략, 망국의 실상에 부딪쳐 변혁적 리더십(Authentic Transfor-mational Leadership)을 발휘하는 단계로 접어들며 점진학교를 설립하고 인재를 키우는 초기 수퍼리더십(Super-Leadership)을 보이기 시작한다. 미국 유학을 떠나며 독립운동 준비기(1902~1905)에 들어 나라의 미래를 위한 비전(Vision)과 전략적 리더십(Strategic Leadership)을 구사한다. 미주에서의 한인친목회, 공립협회(共立協會, 1905)운동을 통하여 신의와 신뢰를 쌓아가는 진정성(Authenticity leadership), 서번트 리더십(Servernt Leadership)을 발휘하여 한인지도자로 인정받고 존경받는 인물이 된다. 도산은 모국의 을사늑약의 망국의 비보(悲報)을 접하고는 동경(東京)에 들러 자신의 수퍼리더인 유길준(兪吉濬)이를 만나 닥쳐올 격랑을 논하며 귀국길에 오른다. 변혁적 리더십의 발로인 것이다. 귀국한 도산은 독립운동 국내활동기(1907~1910)에 접어들며 바로 청년 선각자들을 규합(糾合)하여 비밀결사단인 신민회(新民會)를 조직하게 되는바 이 신민회의 구성과 조직에 참여하는 유능한 젊은 지도자들을 규합하는데는 도산의 진정성을 지닌 카리스마십이 가동한다. 이어서 도산은 대성학교와 청년학우회를 설립하고 태극서관을 개설하는 등으로 셀프리더를 양성하는 수퍼리더십을 발휘하며 전국 곳곳의 청년세대에게 구국운동의 동기를 부여한다. 일제가 제안한 ‘안도산 내각’을 일축하고 안중근 의사의 의거사건으로 중국 망명길에 오른다. 도산은 중국, 미국 망명기(1910~1913)와 독립운동 상해정부 활동기(1919~1932)에 들어서 망명정부 수립에 동참하며, 잠시 미국에 들러 대한인국민회(大韓人國民會, 1913)와 흥사단을 창립하여 한인사회를 독립운동 지원단으로 구축하고 다시 상해로 와서는 국민대표회의(國民代表會議, 1923), 대독립당(大獨立黨, 1927)과 유일당(唯一黨, 1928) 등의 개최와 창당을 시도하고 독립기지인 이상촌 건설에 혼신을 기우리던 중 윤봉길의사의 폭탄투하사건으로 연루, 체포되어 대전교도소, 서울형무소에서의 옥고로 병사(1938, 서울대병원)하기까지 도산의 모든 독립운동의 험란한 행보 속에서 비전과 카리스마, 변혁적, 전략적, 진정성, 슈퍼, 셀프 리더십 등 폭넓은 유형, 즉 다차원적 리더십 유형들이 융합과 통합을 이루며 총체적으로 발휘되고 있음을 발견하게 된다. 도산은 숱한 독립운동 행보 속에서 적지 않은 독립운동의 거인들과 단합하고 통일, 통합하기를 중시하여 노선과 사상의 갈등을 극복하며 상해임시정부를 지켜내는 등 초인적으로 독립운동을 주도하였다. 도산은 절박한 독립투쟁의 험로에서도 모든 독립 운동가들과의 인격적인 신뢰를 쌓으며 폭넓고 두터운 존경을 받아왔으며 세심하게 준비된 독립운동 계획을 마련하고 몸서 실천하며 주도하여 여타 독립운동가와는 다른 탁월한 리더십의 면모를 보인다. 도산은 그 험난한 독립투쟁과 독립 건국을 위하여 건전한 인격과 신성한 단체를 이루어 ‘힘’을 기르는 것이 최선의 길임을 주창하며 인재양성의 최고수준의 단체로 흥사단을 창립(1913년)한다. 흥사단을 통하여 배출된 탁월한 인재들이 당시의 독립운동의 중추가 되었을 뿐만 아니라 해방 후 흥사단우의 30% 이상이 국정에 전문 인력으로 참여했다는 사실은 도산의 인재 양성을 향한 탁월한 안목과 통찰력, 리더십의 면모를 보인 것이라 할 것이다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다.

한국에서의 유통학문 연구 방법론에 대한 소고

윤명길,김유오 한국유통과학회 2007 유통과학연구 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of this dissertation is to provide foundation for methodology of distribution study. Furthermore, this study attempts to stimulate firm establishment of distribution study. Through this, development of domestic distribution industry could be expected alongside with distribution study. This dissertation designates problems of methodology that applied by some researchers then, attempts to discuss and approach with efforts. By this point, this research could be considering as inspirational, Thus further study required expending its boundary depth in continuation.

BRAND AND LINE EXTENSIONS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY FROM THE NEW AGE LUXURY INDUSTRY

Ashok Som,Naja Pape 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

Purpose: Brand and line extension represents an essential vehicle for growth and is currently one of the most applied marketing strategies within the luxury sector. Though it has its advantages, there are several risks associated with pursuing such a strategy. Consequently, this paper attempts to understand the reasons for brand and line extensions as a way of growth in the new era of luxury expansion. Theory: The study extends the literature of brand and line extensions through an empirical study. Methodology: An integrative model of key success factors behind brand and line extensions is proposed by combining current research with empirical findings obtained through an explorative and qualitative research design based on primary data from eight semi-structured interviews with managers from luxury brands. Findings and Contribution: We identify five key success factors: (1) add value through originality, (2) stay at the level of the brand regarding price, quality, style and image, (3) create relevance to core business and be aligned with DNA, (4) stick to the vision of the founder and (5) assure consistency in brand identity and image. Sig-nificantly, the predominant themes are alignment between the parent brand and the extension and the extension in itself, which resonates with the existing research on the field. Further, drawing on the notion of alignment, this thesis also finds evidence of the importance of consistent brand cues such as storytelling, values, heritage, tradition and visual icons. Practical implications: It is suggested that the five success factors identified in the empirical data to the greatest extent possible should apply to any future brand extension and that resources should be allocated to reinforce the alignment between extension and parent brand. Research limitations: It would be insightful to conduct additional interviews with top managers from other brands to further elaborate on the identified success factors.

통역연구방법론과 과제 —실증연구 방법론 및 관찰연구사례 논문 고찰

이소희 한국통번역교육학회 2014 통번역교육연구 Vol.12 No.1

Based on a review of Gile’s 1998 article on empirical research methodology in SI, the paper introduces a case study which was carried out under the non-invasive observational method. The paper introduces Gile’s comparison of the experimental and observational study and brings to focus the fundamental issues related to SI research: naturalness of SI performance, controllability of variables at the SI site and in experiments and the issue of quantification and documentation of SI data for research. In connection with these issues, the three areas pointed out by Gile are also discussed; data validity, data representativeness and data quantification. A case study shows how each of the above issues can be addressed in actual research, with a short introduction of new tools used and units devised in the case study.

마수미의 경험주의적 ‘정동 이론’ 비판―감정 연구와 문학 연구의 생산적 만남을 위하여

김창욱 한국시학회 2020 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.63

The purpose of this paper is to critically review Massumi's empiric 'affect theory' in terms of the validity the theory itself and seek a productive encounter of emotion studies and literary studies. The fundamental premise of Massumi’s 'affect theory' is an empiricism issue called 'the dualism of language/concept and empirical content'. In other words, Massumi's starting point is that 'the virtual' - the domain of experience where only creation and qualitative changes continue – is not captured through language. According to Davidson, the premise of the Massumi’s 'affect theory', i.e. 'the dualism of language /conceptual scheme and empirical content', and subsequent 'language (conceptual) relativism' were a 'dogma' that could not be reasonably claimed. This is because the claim of the complete or partial impossibility of translation between language and empirical reality is reasonably unsustainable. Through the discussion above, this paper claims as that emotions or the transition of emotions are not formed in the 'empirical process' of (indescribable) sensory explosions result from encountering with an object. Rather, they are formed on the basis of a broad knowledge of 'the world' shared by 'I' and 'second person' through language: a triangle intertwined by language. Therefore, we need to look closely at the daily space composed of 'I–second person–world' rather than that of 'the indescribable affect.' In other words, the discussion of emotions, or the transition of emotions can only begin with detailed explorations of language behaviors, linguistic interactions, and language systems and structures in the very daily space. This suggests that the literary and emotion studies meet there and start from there. After clarifying the starting point in this way, this paper attempted to present a rough idea of how such an encounter could be achieved in the specific research areas (study of writer, interpretation of works, ontology of poetry, reader-response theory, etc.). 본 논문의 목적은 마수미의 경험주의적 ‘정동 이론’을 이론 그 자체의 타당성의 관점에서 비판적으로 검토하여, 문학 연구와 감정 연구의 생산적 만남을 모색하는 것이다. 마수미 ‘정동 이론’의 근본 전제는 ‘언어/개념과 경험내용의 이원론’ 이라는 일종의 경험주의 논제이다. 즉, ‘가상계’ - 오직 생성과 질적 변화만이 계속될 뿐인 경험의 영역 –는 언어를 통해 포착 불가능하다는 생각이 마수미의 출발점이다. 데이빗슨은 이러한 마수미식 ‘정동 이론’의 전제와 그로부터 따라 나오는 ‘언어(개념)적 상대주의’ 는 합당하게 주장될 수 없는 ‘독단’ 이라고 주장한다. 언어와 실재로서의 경험내용 사이의 완전한 번역 불가능성 주장도, 부분적 번역 불가능성 주장도, 데이빗슨에 따르면 합리적으로 유지 불가능한 주장이기 때문이다. 이러한 논의를 통해 본 논문은 다음과 같이 주장한다. 어떤 대상과의 마주침이라는 이자관계(二者關係)에서 비롯되는 (언표 불가능한) 감각적 폭발을 ‘경험적으로 공정’하는 데에서 감정, 정서, 또는 정서의 이행은 탄생하지 않는다. 그것은 ‘나’와 ‘타인’이 언어를 통해 공유하고 있는 ‘세계’에 관한 폭넓은 지식의 토대 위에서, 즉 언어로 얽힌 삼자관계(三者關係) 속에서 탄생한다. 따라서 우리가 면밀하게 살펴야 할 공간은 ‘형언할 수 없는 정동의 공간’ 이라기보다 ‘나–타자–세계’로 이루어진 일상적 공간이다. 다시 말해 감정, 정서 또는 정서의 이행에 대한 논의는 바로 그 친숙한 공간에서 벌어지는 언어행위, 언어적 상호작용, 또 언어체계와 구조에 대한 세밀한 탐구로부터만 시작될 수 있다. 이는 문학 연구와 감정 연구가 만나는 출발점이 바로 그곳이어야만 함을 말해준다. 이렇듯 출발점을 명확히 한 후, 그러한 만남이 구체적인 연구 영역(작가론, 작품 해석, 시의 존재론, 독자 반응 이론 등)에서 어떻게 이루어질 수 있을 것인지를 본 논문은 대략적으로 제시하고자 했다.

국내신뢰 연구의 동향과 향후 연구방향에 대한 제언

문형구(Hyoung Koo Moon),최병권(Byoung Kwon Choi),내은영(Eun Young Nae) 한국경영학회 2011 經營學硏究 Vol.40 No.1

It has been well recognized that trust has a favorable influence on employee attitude, behavior, and performance, as well as organizational effectiveness. Accordingly, studies on trust have long flourished in various academic fields. In Korea, however, studies on trust started only around 2000, with a steady increase since then. However, previous studies on trust have rarely been systematically reviewed. Hence, the main purpose of our study is to summarize the existing research and to provide suggestions for future research through a comprehensive review of 96 studies on trust that have been published in major academic journals in the field of organizational behavior and human resource management. Our study comprises two sections. The first section is intended to summarize the results of in-depth analysis of topics such as trends and limitations, and the second section contains our suggestions for future research on trust in Korea. The findings regarding trends and limitations can be summarized as follows: First, conceptual analysis has demonstrated that, similar to studies in the West, most studies in Korea have researched trust using a psychological state approach, where trust is defined as the willingness of a party to be vulnerable to others (Mayer et al., 1995). Additionally, trustworthiness, which is defined as the characteristics that inspire favorable expectations of others, also has been researched as a concept synonymous with trust. However, although studies with a multi-dimensional concept of trust have increased, studies on the interrelationships among sub-dimensions of trust, such as developmental patterns an configurational characteristics, have not yet been conducted. Second, in terms of measurement analysis, we found that 51 trust measures were used, and approximately 70% of those measures (36) were used only once. This means that trust measures are extremely diverse, and thus there is little consistency in their use. Even so, most of these measures have been generally consistent with the definition of trust in each study; however, some studies did not operationalize trust measures in accordance with their definition of trust. Taken together, the use of diverse trust measures and the issues of inconsistency between trust measures and definitions seen in Korea are similar to those frequently seen in Western studies. Third, our analysis of empirical findings revealed that both transformational and transactional leadership have been studied primarily as antecedents. In most studies, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior have been addressed as consequence of trust in most studies. In contrast, studies dealing with job and/or organizational characteristics and trustors` personal characteristics (e.g., personality) as antecedents of trust have been lacking. In addition, the moderators that affect the relationship between antecedent and trust have not been fully addressed. Empirical findings in Korea are similar to findings in Western studies in that trust has a strong relationship with employees` attitude, behavior, and performance in sequence. However, Korean findings differ in that procedural justice has a stronger relationship with trust in an organization than trust in a leader. Fourth, our analysis of research methods found that most studies in Korea have been empirical studies based on survey. In terms of research type, many studies have addressed trust in the context of vertical relationships between leader or management and employees rather than horizontal relationships among co-workers. In addition, most studies on trust have been conducted in the context of interpersonal relationships rather than inter-group or inter-organization relationships. Based on the above discussion, we suggest directions for future research on trust in Korea. First, a more diverse approach toward trust that incorporates factors such as personality and behavior is needed. To this end, n