논문 : 몽골 유물을 응용한 박물관문화상품디자인 개발 방안 연구 -흉노시대 유물을 중심으로-

G빌궁 디자인융복합학회 2013 디자인융복합연구 Vol.12 No.6

몽골은 넓은 땅 풍부하고 오랜 옛 역사, 독특한 유목 문화 민족이며 대외적으로 13세기대에 유럽과 아시아를 연결한 세계에서 유일무이 큰 몽골제국을 세웠던 칭기즈칸의 후예들로 알려졌다. 몽골은 유목민족이며 그 전통은 흉노로부터 계속해서 이어졌다. 흉노는 기원전 3세기부터 기원후 5세기까지 북방 유라시아지역에서 활동하면서, 독자적인 유목민족 최초의 세계 제국을 건설하여 다양한 문화적 역량을 과시했다. 현재의 몽골 지역은 흉노의 중심 활동지였고, 흉노 대형 무덤으로 확인되고 있는 많은 유적이 확인되었으며, 이들에 대한 체계적 조사가 최근 들어 진행되고 있다. 발굴 조사를 통해 흉노 사회의 가지고 있던 역동적이고 포괄적인 유물들이 출토하고 있으며 이 때문에 미래 몽골의 역사를 재조명하려는 움직임이 있다. 그래서 몽골의 잘 나갔던 조상의 자랑을 대외적으로 홍보하기 위한 일이 꼭 해야 할 과제 되고 있다. 본 논문에서 몽골에 있는 34개의 유적에서 출토된 흉노시대 유물들의 의미 체계와 조형성을 관찰, 분석하고 특성을 도출해서 그 도출한 특성을 몽골을 대표할 수 있는 박물관문화상품디자인을 개발하려는 방안을 제시하고자 했다. 이를 위하여 선행 연구와 문화상품디자인의 이해 또는 몽골문화상품의 현황 특징을 이론적으로 고찰하였다. 또는 유물의 문화상품화와 유물을 응용한 문화상품디자인 사례들을 조사해서 유형을 찾아냈다. 그리고 몽골 출토 흉노시대의 유물의 이미지 맵 작업과 의미 체계와 조형성, 아름다움을 관찰 분석한 후 그 특성을 도출해서 흉노의 아름다움을 지닌 현대적 요소를 접목함으로서 몽골문화상품을 개발하기 위한 디자인 개발 방향을, 프로세스, 방안을 제시하였다. 국내외 관람객들에게 문화상품을 통한 흉노의 전통적 가치는 물론 마케팅 측면에서 국가문화산업발전에 큰 도움이 될 것이다. Mongolia is a country with wide area, ancient rich history, strong culture and civilization in East and Central Asia. Most people of entire world usually know Mongolia by Genghis Khan. In 1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire. Mongolia is ancient nomadic-based people. That nomadic civilization is passed from Xiongnu Empire. The Xiongnu were placed in south euro-asia from the 3rd centure BC to the 5th centure, and were first large nomadic empire of the world with rich culture and civilization. The borders of modern-day Mongolia are central land of the Xiongnu, and singularities of the Xiongnu were greatly registered in this area. In nowadays, official archeological excavation is carried out in this area of Mongolia. From this excavation, rare findings and shell heap were many found. This results show that new trend of history of Mongolia and Xiongnu. Thus, we need to advertise this history and culture of strong ancestor of Mongolia. First step of this advertisement is to develop design of cultural products. This research presents development plan of museum cultural products design based on rare findings of Xiongnu Empire that were found from 34 singularity. In addition, meaning and representation of rare findings are used in the development plan of museum cultural products design. Furthermore, the cultural products design can denote history of Mongolia, and represent distinctness of rare findings. Now, the 34 singularity are placed in Mongolia. In order to execute above purpose, firstly, definition and allocation of cultural products design, current situation and special feature of cultural products of Mongolia are researched in fundamental research. In addition, rare findings of Xiongnu Empire are image map, which are obtained from Mongolia. Then, special rare findings are selected from this image map parts. It can represent selected part. Further, the selected rare findings are researched and marked out by special feature. Furthermore, combinations between special feature and drawing of selected rare findings of Xiongnu and modern cultural products are carried out in this research. From combination results, new trend of design for development plan of cultural products of Mongolia is recommended. It is possible to make contribution for development of cultural products design of Mongolia and to advertise rich history, strong culture, civilization and national pride of Mongolia based on cultural products for tourists.

사회 교과서 속의 몽골 관련 서술 -중·고등학교 사회·세계사 교과서를 중심으로-

윤용혁,문경호 한국몽골학회 2011 몽골학 Vol.0 No.31

Historically, Korea and Mongolia have had a close relationship. However, current textbooks introduce past history of Mongolia, but no description is given to the contemporary Mongolia. Accordingly, students have almost no knowledge about the contemporary Mongolia. Thus, this study aims to analyze textbooks of Social studies, World history and Geography to figure out problems of description of Mongolia, and to suggest any possible direction of textbook writing on Mongolia to develop more prospective relation between the two countries. A questionnaire survey was carried out to 200 students in order to understand basic knowledge on Mongolia. And, geography and world history part of the middle school "Social Studies" textbooks, and the high school world history and geography were selected for analysis. Mongolia is not a historic substance in history textbook. It is the only country that survives among the Northern nations we have encountered in the course of history. Nonetheless, most middle and high school textbooks treat Mongolia a country only left in history. So are social studies textbooks. In geography part of textbooks, there are some section to compare Mongolia's natural environment, population and culture with other cultures area. But, it is nothing but fragmentary knowledge such as 'the place of origin of yellow dust and ‘traditional costume using leather and tent life'. As a result, students come to aware Mongolia as a fountainhead country of yellow dust, and uncivilized country still living in the 'Ger'. Students have almost no knowledge of location of Mongolia and of the relation between Korea and Mongolia. As with many other textbooks, our textbooks do not provide subjective description to northern nations including Mongolia. Historical facts with Mongolia are also heavily reduced or ignored. Historical phenomenon should not exist separating from the contemporary international circumstances. Accordingly, if we show interests in various surrounding countries, we may not only understand the reality of our country, but also find out further direction to seek. Considering the fact that textbooks are important means for students to acquire essential knowledge of surrounding countries, the textbooks should pay more attention to the selection of terminology, and should be made in a deep consideration of expansive relation for future.

몽골 역사교육의 동아시아 인식에 대한 고찰-중등『몽골사』교과서의 대외관계 서술의 분석을 중심으로

김장구 동북아역사재단 2008 東北亞歷史論叢 Vol.- No.19

This essay brings into the focus of description of foreign relations through the History of Mongolia as textbook of secondary education. thereby it analyzes historical education of Mongolia and the understanding to East Asia. As the result foreign relations and foreign cognizance about the Mongolia were as follows. The period of ancient nomadic nation continued maintaining cultural and political exchange between East Asia(especially, China), Central Asia and West Asia. 10th~12th centuries were periods of disorder and disruption that the Eurasian Continent was unstable geo-politically. When the Hunnu, Hsien-pi, Turks, Uighurs, Khirghis, and the Kitans were thriving, relations between the nomadic tribes and the sedentary people continued maintaining cultural and political exchange each other as mentioned above. The period of Mongol Empire was the most exchangeable era on nomadic history extensively and the Mongolia played a important role in a variety of exchange. After collapse of the Mogol Empire, 14th~17th century was era of foreign relations which give undue emphasis to the Ming Dynasty in China. The Mongols not only oppressed the Ming Dynasty but also tried to trade with the Ming in order to obtain supplies and materials. But the Ming Dynasty built the great wall and controlled the Mongolia economically. And then the Ching Dynasty which the Manchurian tribe established, conquered the China proper as well as Inner and Outer Mogolia, Zunghar in turn. Accordingly the Mongolia was under the rule of the Ching Dynasty. On the one hand, contemporarily the Mongolia was subjected to the Manchu rule, on the other hand, the former resisted against the latter in order to achieve independence and maintained a sense of belongs that mongolia should unite one. Under the control of the Manchurian tribe, the Mongols who wished independence declared the Mongolia’s independence in 1911, when the collapse of the Ching Dynasty broke out. After the Mongolia achieved the independence and established socialist state system, it was placed under the power of Soviet’s influence and was closely connected with some of socialist states. As socialist Mongolia was intimately associated with socialist states such as the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, Cuba, and North Korea. The Mongolia keep on having friendly relations of China but impaired relations with the People’s Republic in 1960s when boundary dispute between the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China took place. Because the Mongolia was on the side of the Soviet Union on the border dispute. With the Mongolia joining the United Nations in 1961, the Mongolia begun to establish diplomatic relation with Great Britain for the first time, and had diplomatic ties with countries in Western Europe. The Mongolia begun to establish diplomatic relations with Japan in 1972, United States of America in 1987, and South Korea in 1990 and thereby made one’s appearance on the stage of international stages. Since the end of 1980s socialism was on the ebb throughout the world, the Mongolia attempted to convert into democratic and free market economy. After that time the Mongolia have cooperated in foreign affairs as family member within the community of nations.

한국과 몽골의 경제협력: 성과와 전략적 과제

이재영 한국몽골학회 2015 몽골학 Vol.0 No.42

The year 2015 marks the 25th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and Mongolia. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties, relations between two nations have grown to cover a wide range of areas, including political, economic, social and cultural cooperation drawing upon geographical proximity and common values. However, economic cooperation between Korea and Mongolia still remains weak compare to the levels of political, social and cultural cooperation. Therefore there is a clear need to assess the achievements and challenges of economic relations between them. As Mongolia has become a new emerging market in Eurasia, it is crucial that Korea seeks new measures to boost and improve the quality of economic interaction with Mongolia. The main focus of this paper is to look back on Korea and Mongol’s 25 years of economic cooperation and provide a future strategic framework for greater economic ties. Chapter 2 analyzes the economic cooperation between Korea and Mongolia, focusing on trade and investment. Chapter 3 evaluates Korea-Mongolia economic relations over the past 25 years and addresses the current challenges in Korea-Mongolia economic ties. Chapter 4 discusses economic policies and growth prospects in Mongolia and illustrates promising areas of cooperation between two countries. And lastly, Chapter 5 proposes ways to expand economic cooperation between Korea and Mongolia. A process of Korea-Mongolia economic cooperation has taken place mostly in the form of trade. Therefore it is of paramount importance that Korea expands beyond trade-oriented economic cooperation with Mongolia. Furthermore, Korea needs to take a lead role in achieving ‘Eurasia Initiative’ while expanding investments and encouraging Korean firms to enter into Mongolia. To bring the goal of strengthening Korea-Mongolia economic cooperation to fruition, Korea must develop a systematic and consistent strategy. In addition, apart from holding regular summit meetings, Korea should forge greater networking among high-level officials, launch FTA, sign a reciprocal visa-exemption agreement for free movement of human capital, hold regular Korea-Mongolia business forums.

몽골경제의 성장과 한·몽 경제협력관계의 재정립 방향

김홍진 한국몽골학회 2013 몽골학 Vol.0 No.34

This paper reviews the recent trend of economic growth and mid-term projection of growth in Mongolia, and investigates how to enhance economic cooperation between Korea and Mongolia. The two countries have pursued mutual cooperation since 1990, and both trade volume and direct investment have steadily increased every year. However, the market share of Korean products in Mongolia is around 5 to 6 percent, and falls significantly behind that of China and Russia. With respect to direct investment, Korea has only 1% among total foreign direct investment to Mongolia. Recently Mongolia has recorded very high economic growth rates propelled by resource development. Many international economic institutions suggests an optimistic estimate about the mid-term projection of growth in Mongolia, too. It means that domestic demand in Mongolia could be considerably increased in the near future. Moreover, as Mongolians' income increased, their demand may shift from low-end goods, commonly produced in China, to high-value item. Therefore, Korean government and producers should reevaluate Mongolia's market changing to middle-income country, and establish a new strategy for expansion of market share in Mongolia. They should increase direct investment, speculate FTA between the two countries, and consider how to incorporate cultural homogeneity to improve competitiveness in Mongolia's market. This paper reviews the recent trend of economic growth and mid-term projection of growth in Mongolia, and investigates how to enhance economic cooperation between Korea and Mongolia. The two countries have pursued mutual cooperation since 1990, and both trade volume and direct investment have steadily increased every year. However, the market share of Korean products in Mongolia is around 5 to 6 percent, and falls significantly behind that of China and Russia. With respect to direct investment, Korea has only 1% among total foreign direct investment to Mongolia. Recently Mongolia has recorded very high economic growth rates propelled by resource development. Many international economic institutions suggests an optimistic estimate about the mid-term projection of growth in Mongolia, too. It means that domestic demand in Mongolia could be considerably increased in the near future. Moreover, as Mongolians' income increased, their demand may shift from low-end goods, commonly produced in China, to high-value item. Therefore, Korean government and producers should reevaluate Mongolia's market changing to middle-income country, and establish a new strategy for expansion of market share in Mongolia. They should increase direct investment, speculate FTA between the two countries, and consider how to incorporate cultural homogeneity to improve competitiveness in Mongolia's market.

‘경제 안보’ 관점에서 본 한국과 몽골의 상호보완성 연구

김선호 신아시아연구소 2024 신아세아 Vol.31 No.1

본 연구의 핵심 주제는 몽골은 몽골경제의 기초인 자원개발에 집중 하되, 자원물류운송에 있어서 중국이나 러시아를 경유해야 하는 육로의 단점을 항공운송을 집중적으로 확대하여 극복해야 한다는 것과 한국은 남북한 관계에서의 몽골의 역할과 한국의 대몽골 경제지원과 한국의 몽골자원 개발을 연계하여 서로의 경제안보 효과를 극대화 한다는 것이다. 이를 위해 한국과 몽골은 몽골의 인프라 구축과 몽골자원을 Direct로 항공 운송하는 물류를 연결하는 단순하지만 효과적인 연계 협력을 통해 한국과 몽골의 경제안보에 있어서 상호 보완성을 극대화 시켜야 한다는 것이다. 한국은 희토류를 비롯한 특수 광물의 수입다변화가 절실한 상황에서 몽골의 자원개발 단계에서 운송까지 연결하여 첨단 산업 원료 수급의 안정성을 확보해야 하는 시점이다. 이러한 상호 보완적인 특수 희소 광물 관련 Frame을 이제는 적극적으로 공고히 해야 한다. 그 사례는 바로 몽골 남고비 지역의 희토류 광산이다. 2014년 2월 서울대학교 대학원 에너지 시스템공학부 석사학위 논문 “몽골 무시가이쿠닥(Mushgai Khudag) 희토류 광석의 산 침출 특성에 대한 연구”에서 이 지역 희토류 광석은 광석 품위가 약 10 %로 높은 편에 속하는 것으로 적절한 가공 기술이 적용된다면 국내에 다량의 희토류 공급이 가능해진다는 것이다. 이러한 성과를 바탕으로 한국도 일본처럼 몽골에 대한 EDCF 지원을 한국이 필요로 하는 자원 개발과 운송에 집중하고 기본적으로 몽골과 경제동반자 협정 (EPA)을 조속히 맺어야 한다. 그와 동시에 한국은 남 고비 지역에 집중적으로 항공운송관련 SOC 지원을 하여야 한다. 아울러 희귀 광물자원의 개발이 경제 안보에 필수적인 몽골도 이 지역에 국제선 항공 노선을 신설하여 전 세계와 화물기가 연결될 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 희소금속 채광 및 가공업체인 호주 ASM(Australian Strategic Materials Ltd)은 오염물질이 유발되는 희토류 광산에서 친환경 채광을 통해 한국에 안정적이고 지속가능한 1차 가공된 자원을 지원하고, 한국의 첨단기술과 우수한 인력을 활용해 전략자원인 희토류와 희소 금속을 한국에서 생산할 기틀을 마련하였다. 바로 이 사례를 몽골 희토류 개발과 항공 운송에 적용하여야 한다. 이러한 상호 보완적인 경제안보 체제를 구체화시키기 위하여 지난 30년간 한·몽포럼의 시행 기관으로서 신아시아연구소가 주도하는 한국 몽골 간의 경제안보 협력 기구인 가칭 한국 몽골 경제안보 협의체(Korea-Mongolia Economic Security Council) 가 구성되어져야 한다. 이러한 협의체를 통하여 가장 먼저 진행되어야 할 과제는 역시 희소 금속 몽골 현지 1차 가공과 항공 운송이다. ASM과 같은 글로벌 희소금속 기업들과 대덕 단지의 한국지질자원 연구원, 그리고 기술력이 뛰어난 한국 기업이 연계하여 몽골에서의 희소금속 채광과 1차 친환경 가공이 이루어지고 한국과 몽골 간의 EPA 체결 등이 신아시아연구소의의 Practical Research Project로 실현된다면 실질적이고 현실적인 한국 몽골의 경제안보 상호 보완이 이루어질 것이다. 현실적으로 한국이 주목해야 하는 공항은 몽골 남 고비 주에 있는 몽골 제3의 공항 한붐바트 공항(몽골어: Ханбумбат нисэх буудал, 로마자 표기: Hanbumbat Airport) 또는 오유 톨고이 (Oyutolgoi: 터키석 언덕) 공항이다. 이 공항 건설은 인접한 Oyu Tolgoi 광산의 수익으로 자금지원을 하여 개보수 되었 ... The core theme of this research is to secure the economic security of both countries by linking Mongolia's development of rare resources, which is the basis of the Mongolian economy, with Korea's securing of strategic resources which is too much dependent on China, and solving logistics problems through air transportation. In the end, Korea and Mongolia should maximize mutual complementarity in their economic security through simple but effective linkage cooperation that connects the construction of Mongolia's infrastructure and the logistics of direct air transport of Mongolia's resources. The most ideal example is the joint development of rare earth mine in the south Gobi region of Mongolia. In 2014, Korea secured empirical results that Mongolian Mushgai Khudag rare earth ore has a high ore quality of about 10%, and if appropriate processing technology is applied, a large amount of rare earths can be supplied to Korea. Based on these achievements, Korea's EDCF support for Mongolia must focus on the development and transportation of resources that Korea needs, and like Japan, signing an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with Mongolia as soon as possible will be an important foundation for Korea's economic security. At the same time, Korea should provide SOC support related to air transportation intensively in this southern Gobi area. In addition, Mongolia, where the development of rare mineral resources is essential for economic security, should establish an international air route in the region so that cargo planes can be directly connected to the world. Australian Strategic Materials Ltd (ASM), a rare metal mining and processing company, has provided a foundation for Korea to conduct stable and sustainable primary processing resources through eco-friendly mining in rare earth mines that cause pollutants. This very cornerstone should be used for Mongolian rare earth development and air transportation. In order to embody this complementary economic security system, the Korea-Mongolia Economic Security Council, an economic security cooperation organization between South Korea and Mongolia should lead by New Asia Research Institute, which conducted Korea Mongolia Forum over past 30 years long, should be formed. The first tasks to be carried out through this consultative body are, of course, the local primary processing and air transportation of rare metals in Mongolia. In reality, the airport that Korea should pay attention to is called Hanbumbat Airport (Mongolian: Ханбумбат нисэх буудал) or Oyutolgoi (Turquoise Hill), Mongolia's third-largest airport in South Gobi, Mongolia. This very airport should be used by Korea as a base for rare metal air transportation. First of all, it is necessary to work with the Mongolian government to obtain permission for direct international cargo transportation routes and to expand airport infrastructure and connect to the surrounding rare metal mineral primary processing area through large-scale EDCF support. Even with abundant underground resources, Mongolia, which is geographically isolated between China and Russia, does not exert the most important economic power for security due to logistics transportation problems. The third neighborhood policy is only used as a political slogan. On the contrary, even if Korea has technology and capital, economic problems are seriously negatively affecting security due to the limitation and bias of the supply of scarce raw materials. In conclusion, Korea should support the expansion of Hanbumbat Airport in South Gobi for air transport as well as mineral mining primary processing, and Mongolia should establish a much-needed complementary economic security system with provision of rare earth mining rights and international flights system.

한몽FTA의 정치경제적 의미에 관한 연구

구해우 한국몽골학회 2011 몽골학 Vol.0 No.30

National strategies including Free Trade Agreement (FTA) as a high priority have emerged as an important agenda for Korea since 2006 when U.S.-Korea FTA was started to be seriously negotiated. Particularly, as U.S.-Korea FTA will be ratified by national assemblies in each country this year, FTA once again becomes a controversial issue in Korea. Along the same line, it seems it is right time to examine political and economic meanings of FTA with Mongolia. Under the collapse of Soviet Union, as Mongolia transformed its socialist system into reform and open policy, it has established a new diplomatic ties with western countries such as United States. Besides, in the form of the increased world competition for energy resources, various countries, for say, Korea, China, Japan, Russia, and European countries, express strong interest in Mongolia's natural resources; Mongolia recently possesses great strategic value. Mongolian agriculture and farming are also expected to play a critical role in Korea's food security. For Korea, this trade and cooperation with Mongolia would not just remain as it is, but it would perform a significant base for extended further cooperation with central Asian countries and Russia and China. Thus, it is worth examining what Korea-Mongolia FTA means from political and economic perspectives; then, based on this research, the Korea-Mongolia FTA should be developed. Although Mongolia is rich in natural resources and has excellent potential in political and economic sense, cooperation between Korea and Mongolia has been below the level expected. First of all, it has to be examined what the characteristics of Mongolian economy are. This is summarized as seven features in the paper. Then, considering current cooperation between these two countries, it is necessary to assess their relations up to date. Comprehensive analysis for Korea-Mongolia relationship would develop the future prospects. In terms of economic implications, there are four ways to increase Korea-Mongolia economic cooperation. First, Korea and Mongolia should break the tradition that focused all the investments on the restaurant and service businesses. Korean companies that make good use of Mongolian local mineral resources and raw materials to do manufacturing should enter the Mongolian market. Second, Korea and Mongolia should strengthen their cooperation in the energy and resources areas. Third, Korean construction companies should go into Mongolian housing and construction market. Fourth, Korean government and private companies should work together to understand the local demands for development in agriculture, farming and tourist industry, which seems very promising business for Mongolia. Political implications of Korea-Mongolia FTA are also important. There seems three means to enhance their bonding. First, Korea and Mongolia have to come to an agreement on visa waivers; it is the task that should be done once Korea-Mongolia FTA is accomplished. Second, Korea should set up research institutions in Mongolia. Collaborative academic work between Korea and Mongolia will lead tight, long-term cooperation in other fields. Third, Korea has to review more ODA towards Mongolia. Korea and Mongolia seem to start their relations after establishing diplomatic ties in 1990; indeed, they have more intense relations since ancient times. This is why they are understood as brother countries. Moreover, international relations surrounding by world powers, United States, China, Japan, and Russia, for Korea and Mongolia put them into the relatively similar situation. Thus, Korea-Mongolia FTA will contribute to not only both countries' political and economic benefit but also peace in northeast Asia.

Economic Cooperation since 1990 between Korea and Mongolia: An Evaluation and Prospects

김홍진 한국몽골학회 2010 몽골학 Vol.0 No.29

This paper reviews and evaluates the outcome of economic cooperation between Korea and Mongolia for the last 20 years, and suggests the agenda for the expansion of economic cooperation in the future. Korea and Mongolia have pursued a close cooperation after the establishment of an official diplomatic relationship in 1990. The enlargement of trade and investment in the economy area would be especially worthy of close attention. The trade volume between two countries has expanded about 100 times from 1990 to 2008. Korea came second in Mongolia's exports, and third in Mongolia's imports in 2008. Korea now appears to be one of the most important trade partners for Mongolia. Nevertheless, Mongolia reveals a significant deficit to Korea in commodity balance. With respect to FDI in Mongolia, Korea holds the third rank, preceded by China and Canada. For the expansion of economic cooperation between two countries, the next agenda could be suggested in four parts. First, a preliminary feasibility study for a free trade agreement. Second, more and stronger cooperation in the area of direct investment and technology support to Mongolia. Third, concrete cooperation for tourism development of Mongolia. And forth, sharing Korea's experience of rapid economic growth over the past five decades with Mongolia. This paper reviews and evaluates the outcome of economic cooperation between Korea and Mongolia for the last 20 years, and suggests the agenda for the expansion of economic cooperation in the future. Korea and Mongolia have pursued a close cooperation after the establishment of an official diplomatic relationship in 1990. The enlargement of trade and investment in the economy area would be especially worthy of close attention. The trade volume between two countries has expanded about 100 times from 1990 to 2008. Korea came second in Mongolia's exports, and third in Mongolia's imports in 2008. Korea now appears to be one of the most important trade partners for Mongolia. Nevertheless, Mongolia reveals a significant deficit to Korea in commodity balance. With respect to FDI in Mongolia, Korea holds the third rank, preceded by China and Canada. For the expansion of economic cooperation between two countries, the next agenda could be suggested in four parts. First, a preliminary feasibility study for a free trade agreement. Second, more and stronger cooperation in the area of direct investment and technology support to Mongolia. Third, concrete cooperation for tourism development of Mongolia. And forth, sharing Korea's experience of rapid economic growth over the past five decades with Mongolia.

1910년대 한국 독립운동과 몽골 -김규식의 활동을 중심으로-

오미영(Oh, Mi young) 독립기념관 한국독립운동사연구소 2022 한국독립운동사연구 Vol.- No.78

김규식은 한국 독립운동가 가운데 최초로 몽골 땅을 밟아 독립활동을 모색한 인물로서 1914년 가을 비밀리 군관학교를 세울 계획으로 한인 청년들과 함께 몽골로 향했다. 이후 자금 문제로 그의 계획이 실행되지 못하였지만, 김규식은 몽골에 남아 몽골에 진출해 있던 미국의 무역회사에 근무하며 한국 독립운동의 새로운 외교적 방안을 모색해갔다. 학자형 독립운동가였던 김규식이 독립운동 초기 중국과 몽골을 오가며 무역업에 종사한 사실은 매우 이례적인 행보이지만, 무역업을 통해 김규식은 생계와 독립자금을 해결하는 동시에 외국 무역회사의 네트워크를 활용해 한인 인사들과 긴밀히 연락을 주고받았다. 그 후 김규식이 몽골을 다시 찾은 것은 1918년으로 당시 사촌동생 김은식과 큰아들 김진동이 함께 했다. 김규식의 소개로 이태준은 김은식과 결혼한 후 1919년 김규식의 파리강화회의 참석 경비를 지원해줄 정도로 김규식과의 긴밀한 관계를 이어갔다. 마지막으로 김규식이 몽골을 방문한 것은 1921년 겨울 극동민족대회에 참석하기 위해서이다. 당시 김규식은 몽골 혁명지도자 린치노의 부인인 한인2세 남마리아를 만나 러시아로 가는 교통 편의를 제공받았다. 하지만 1925년 린치노가 소련으로 소환되자 이후 김규식을 비롯한 한인 인사들의 몽골행도 거의 찾아볼 수 없게 되었다. 이렇게 하여 한국 독립운동을 기반으로 포문을 연 20세기 초 한몽 교류도 단절되고 말았다. 독립운동 초기 김규식은 독립운동의 새로운 근거지이자 삶의 터전으로 몽골을 주목하였지만, 이후 몽골에서의 한국 독립운동은 몽골 교통·통신의 어려움과 함께 상호 연대의 필요성이 약했다는 한계점을 가지며 지속되지 못하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 김규식이 한국 독립운동의 새로운 근거지로 몽골로 시선을 돌릴 수 있었던 데에는 일제의 감시가 덜한 몽골에서 독립 자금과 독립운동 인재를 준비할 수 있었기 때문이었다. Kim Gyu-sik was the first Korean independence activist to seek independence in Mongolia, and he headed to Mongolia with Korean youths in the fall of 1914 with plans to establish a secret military school. Although his plan could not be implemented due to financial problems, Kim Gyu-sik remained in Mongolia and worked for an American trading company that was operating in Mongolia at the time, continuing to seek new diplomatic ways for the Korean independence movement. Although it was very unusual for Kim Gyu-sik, who was a scholar-type independence activist, to engage in trade between China and Mongolia in the early days of the independence movement, the trading business allowed him to provide a livelihood and independence funds while also utilizing a network of foreign trading companies to stay in close contact with Korean figures. After that, Kim Gyu-sik visited Mongolia again in 1918 and at the time, his cousin Kim Eun-sik and his eldest son Kim Jin-dong were accompanying him. Through the introduction by Kim Gyu-sik, Lee Tae-jun married Kim Eun-sik, and then he maintained a close relationship with Kim Gyu-sik to the extent that he supported Kim Gyu-sik’s expenses for attending the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. Kim Gyu-sik’s last visit to Mongolia was to attend the Congress of the Toilers of the Far East in the winter of 1921. At the time, Kim Gyu-sik met Nam maria, a second generation Korean, wife of the Mongolian revolutionary leader Rinchino, who provided him with transportation to Russia. However, when Rinchino was summoned to the Soviet Union in 1925, there were almost no cases of Koreans traveling to Mongolia, including Kim Gyu-sik. As a result, Korea-Mongolia exchanges in the early 20th century, which were opened based on the Korean independence movement, were discontinued. In the early days of the independence movement, Kim Gyu-sik paid attention to Mongolia as a new base for the independence movement and a place of life. However, the Korean independence movement in Mongolia could not be sustained due to the limitations of Mongolia’s transportation difficulties and the insufficient necessity for mutual solidarity between Mongolia and Korea. Nevertheless, Kim Gyu-sik could draw attention to Mongolia as a new base for the Korean independence movement since it was able to prepare independence funds and talents for independence movement in Mongolia with less surveillance by the Japanese and Mongolian Government’s Open Policy

한국과 몽골의 모바일 광고 이용에 영향을 미치는 요인

간바야르,이인구 동중앙아시아경상학회 2014 한몽경상연구 Vol.25 No.1

본 논문은 몽골과 한국 모바일 광고 이용에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 규명하여 효과적인 모바일 광고 전략을 수립하는데 유용한 자료를 제공하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 최근 모바일이 주목 받게 된 이유는 커뮤니케이션 방식의 변화와 더불어 스마트폰의 대중화와 관련 있다고 할 수 있다. 대부분의 일반인들 에게 휴대전화는 대표적인 모바일기기로 인식되고 있으며 인터넷 사용, TV방송, 신용카드나 교통카드, 공장 물류센터의 편의를 위한 PDA, 자동차 네비게이션, 그리고 노트북 컴퓨터 등 우리 생활의 거의 모 든 부분에 걸쳐 이용하는 미디어가 되었다. 모바일 광고에 대한 연구가 시작된 2000년 이후 연구동향 을 살펴보면 크게 모바일 광고 효과에 관한 연구, 모바일 광고 수용과 태도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구, 모바일 광고에 관한 인식조사 연구 등 세 가지 범주로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 모바일이용자요인과 단말기요인을 중심으로 한국과 몽골의 모바일 광고 이용에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보았다. 조사는 휴대폰 주요 이용자인 10-50대 한국의 서울, 몽골의 울란바토르 및 수도권 거주자 로 현재 휴대폰을 이용하는 남녀 302명을 대상으로 편의표본추출을 이용한 서베이조사로 실시되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Statistics 19.0프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였으며 신뢰도를 점검하기 위해서 Cronbach's α 값을 알아보고, 타당성을 위한 요인 분석을 하였다. 가설검정을 위해서는 다중회귀분석과 Chow 검정을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 한국과 몽골의 모바일 광고 이용에 영향을 미치는 모바일 이 용자 요인과 단말기 요인에서는 부분적으로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 그러나 한국과 몽골의 집단 간 모형의 계수가 차이가 있는지를 판단하기 위해 Chow 테스트를 실시한 결과 모바일 이용자의 경우는 한국과 몽골의 집단 간 모형의 계수가 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으나 모바일 단말기의 경우는 한국과 몽골의 집단 간 모형의 계수가 차이가 없는 것을 나타났다. 본 연구는 표본이 주로 대학생이라 는 점에서 일반화의 한계를 갖고 있다. Most representative of the general population have a mobile phone, and it is recognized as a mobile device using the internet, TV broadcast, a credit card or transportation card, factory distribution center for the convenience of PDA, car navigation, such as notebook computers, and almost every part of our lives media was used throughout. The development of each country and the world today is more fast-paced society, regardless of the medium, and therefore are to be constantly changing and evolving. As a result of today's mobile era is an opportunity to make a will. The purpose of this study can be divided into two main things. First, Mongolia and South Korea for the mobile advertising mobile advertising by the effective exposure affects variables to find data on patients. The second is the use of Mongolia and South Korea's mobile advertising through the analysis of variables that affect the use of the current state of mobile advertising to identify and Mongolia, or Korea, for effective mobile advertising strategy is to provide useful data. After the analytical results, the fear of invading privacy in the customer factor showed that it doesn't have a significant impact on the use of mobile advertisement in Korea and mongolia. The following is the attitude toward mobile advertising mobile advertising in the two countries equally influence on this. Korea and Mongolia, and pass time in the two countries is the use of a mobile ad does not appear significant impact. Finally, the flow of mobile users is a factor of two countries, Korea and Mongolia in the use of mobile advertising influence. Factors of the mobile terminal screen consists of mobile devices in Korea and Mongolia using mobile advertising in the two countries did not have a significant impact was measured and the hypothesis is rejected. Factor, whereas the content of mobile devices using mobile advertising in Korea showed a significant affect. However, the use of mobile advertising in Mongolia does not have a significant impact, respectively. Factor of mobile handsets and the interactivity of the two countries, Korea and Mongolia significantly affect the use of mobile advertising, respectively. Factor or mobile devices by using a mobile ad prices in the case of Korea does not appear significant impact. However, in the case of Mongolia, the use of a mobile ad showed a significant impact. Finally, Korea and Mongolia inconvenience factor is the use of mobile advertising in the two countries showed a significant impact. Mongolia, South Korea and the coefficient of between-group differences in the model in order to determine whether a Chow test is used in the case of mobile users in South Korea and Mongolia, the difference between groups in the coefficients of the model were found to be. In the case of mobile terminal groups of Korea and Mongolia, there is no difference between the models is that the coefficient assayed directly. Of Korea and Mongolia these factors that affect the use of mobile advertising through the analysis may contribute to the formation of Mongolia's mobile advertising looks enjoy it.