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이찬구 ( Lee Chan Goo ) 국제뇌교육종합대학원 국학연구원 2016 선도문화 Vol.21 No.-
The purpose of this research paper is to study the characteristics of the God according to the ‘HwanDan-Koki(桓檀古記)’, especially of the Sam-shin Haneunim(三神 하느님), the Three Gods. ‘HwanDan-Koki is the records on the historical accidents about the ancient Korean nation. This effort is also to trace the existence of God that the Korean natives believed in from the early on. Where does God originates whom our ancestors believed in even before we used Chinese characters, Hanmoon(漢文) As the author of this study, I compared ‘HwanDan-Koki’ as the core reference with the ‘Samil-shinko(三一神誥)’ When we interpret the opening words of ‘Samgukyusa(三國遺事)’ as ‘Sukyu-Hwanin(昔有桓因)’, ‘Hwanin’ carries the same role as the God. However, if we read the text as ‘Sukyu-Hwankook(昔有桓國)’, according to the ‘HwanDan-Koki’, we can see that Hwanin does not mean the God. A il-shin, the One God, is a different God than Hwanin. Until recently, the name of Hwanin were described as Jeseok(帝釋), Cheonje(天帝), or Sangje(上帝) which mean the Emperor or the Heavenly God. This could be the primary reason why Hwanin were regarded as the same manner as the God. But Hwanin is not the God but it seems more appropriate to see his figure as ‘the ancestor leader who is immanently related to the Sun of the Sky’. Also, the title of Cheonje does not mean ‘the God of Heaven’ but the concept is used as ‘the highest God of ancestor’. In other words, the title was used in honorific way of the leader at that time. Moreover, the important aspect of understanding God of ‘HwanDan-Koki’ is the concept of ‘Sam-shin’. ‘HwanDan-Koki’ and ‘Samil-shinko’ share mutual common idea which make a division between the Heaven and the God as the understanding of the ideology that the Three Gods originate from the Il-Ch`I(一氣). It also can be understood as the relationship between the God and the Creations according to A. N. Whitehead’s the process-philosophy.