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아닐린의 화학적 중합시 dimer의 생성 및 반응속도에 미치는 양성자산의 영향
정상국,박용석,오응주,서정선 명지대학교 대학원 1999 대학원논문집 Vol.3 No.-
Aniline was polymerized in various protonic acid(HF, HCI, HB_r, HI, H_2SO_4) aqueous solutions with different acidity. During the reaction, the dimer formation and the reaction rate were examined as functions of acidity(pH) and the size of counter ions. Open-circuit potential measurements were carried out to investigate the effect of protonic acid on the reaction rate. The results show that polymerization rate in HF aqueous solution is very slow and polymerization did not occur in HI aqueous solution. These results were explained in terms of acidity and power of oxidation. The ratio of formation of dimers varies with the kind of protonic acid and the results were explained with the nucleophilicity, solvation effect and mobility of counter ions.
α-Phenyl-N-iso-propylnitrone 유도체에 대한 Potassium Cyanide의 친핵성 첨가반응 메카니즘과 반응 속도론적 연구
이광일,곽천근,장병만 경기대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.37 No.-
The rate constant of the nucleophilic addition of potassium cyanide to α-phenyl-N-iso-propylnitrone derivatives were determined at various pH and a rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range is obtained. Final product of the addition reaction was α-cyano-p-phenylbenzyliden-N-iso-propyl amine. Base on the rate equation, general base effect, substituent effect and final product, plausible mechanism of addition reaction have been proposed. Below pH 3.0, the reaction was initiated by the addition of netural hydrogen cyanide, and in the range of pH 3.0-10.0, proceeded by the competitive addition of hydrogen cyanide and cyanide anion. Above the pH 10.0, the reaction proceeded through the addition of cyanide anion.
Mingizem Gashaw Seid,Aseom Son,Kangwoo Cho,Seokwon Hong 대한상하수도학회 2018 상하수도학회지 Vol.32 No.3
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a class of disinfection byproducts and a frequently detected nitrosamine with carcinogenic potentials. This review summarizes NDMA precursors, their formation mechanisms in chloraminated water, and mitigation strategies. Understanding the formation mechanism and characteristics of precursors is essential for developing a mitigation strategy. Dimethylamine (DMA), the most widely studied NDMA precursor, has an NDMA molar yield up to 3%. In comparison, a subset of tertiary amines, e.g., pharmaceuticals, generate up to 90% upon chloramination. Potent NDMA precursors, are characterized by their negative partial charge, low planarity values and molecular weight, and high bond length and pKa values. A nucleophilic substitution of tertiary amine on chloramine is a key reason for the high NDMA yield from the most potent NDMA precursors. The distribution and fate of NDMA in surface water, aquifers, and its formation in the distribution system can be mitigated through two strategies: (1) degrading or/removing NDMA after its formation and (2) pre-treatment of its precursor’s prior chloramination.