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중국 선젼(심천)市 룽깡(龍岡)區 따펑(大鵬)鎭 '3회 2표 鎭長선거제'에 대한 분석
조수성 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2002 국제학논총 Vol.7 No.-
In autumn 1998, the Shenzhen City Party Committee made a plan to practice direct election for magistrate. But, this plan was not accepted by the upper organs, because it would violate Article 102 of the Constitution and the Organic Law for Local People’s Congresses. Therefore, the Shenzhen Committee changed the plan from direct election to ´three polls, two ballots´ system. In Dafeng township, the system was carried out to choose the candidate of magistrate in January 1999. All registered voters were allowed to participate in an open primary to nominate candidate, referred to as a ´sea election(haixuan)´(the first poll of first ballot). Those receiving more than 100 votes who met eligibility requirements gave campaign speeches at an open forum, and then underwent an indirect election or ´public opinion poll(minyi ceping)´ by some 1068 electors.(the second poll of first ballot) The winning candidate’s name was then submitted to the Township People’s Congress for a confirming vote, as the sole candidate of magistrate as permitted by law(second ballot). Finally, the incumbent had won and would remain at his post for another term. In 2002 election, the system was not operated, instead the magistrate of Dafeng was appointed by district party committee as of before. Why the ´three polls, two ballots´ system was reversed in spite of the democratic spirit of it? 1. the institutional inertia : These vote methods kept control in the hand of the district party committee, rather than practiced by law. 2. the restriction of candidate qualifications : Voters could each nominate one individual. These individuals had to meet specified age, education and other qualifications, and had to be communist party members. 3. the problem in composition of electoral college : All district party members, all township and village cadres, all villager small groups’ heads, representatives of enterprise and unions naturally should be the member, only some villager representatives would be allowed to participate in the primary election. 4. the limitation of ´sea election´ in itself : 5. the limitation of subject in democratic trial : This election reform was not from the below, was from the above. Therefore the cadres steped back to immediately as receiving the challenge from the top. By these problems and limitations, the ´three polls, two ballots´ system was not in practice any more.
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