Prediction of egg freshness during storage using electronic nose

Yimenu, Samuel M.,Kim, J. Y.,Kim, B. S. Poultry Science Association, Inc. 2017 Poultry science Vol.96 No.10

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of a fast gas chromatography (GC) e-nose for freshness discrimination and for prediction of storage time as well as sensory and internal quality changes during storage of hen eggs. All samples were obtained from the same egg production farm and stored at 20 °C for 20 d. Egg sampling was conducted every 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, and 20 d. During each sampling time, 4 egg cartons (each containing 10 eggs) were randomly selected: one carton for Haugh units, one carton for sensory evaluation and 2 cartons for the e-nose experiment. The e-nose study included 2 independent test sets; calibration (35 samples) and validation (28 samples). Every sampling time, 5 replicates were prepared from one egg carton for calibration samples and 4 replicates were prepared from the remaining egg carton for validation samples. Sensors (peaks) were selected prior to multivariate chemometric analysis; qualitative sensors for principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA) and quantitative sensors for partial least square (PLS) modeling. PCA and DFA confirmed the difference in volatile profiles of egg samples from 7 different storage times accounting for a total variance of 95.7% and 93.71%, respectively. Models for predicting storage time, Haugh units, odor score, and overall acceptability score from e-nose data were developed using calibration samples by PLS regression. The results showed that these quality indices were well predicted from the e- nose signals, with correlation coefficients of <I>R</I><SUP>2</SUP> = 0.9441, <I>R</I><SUP>2</SUP> = 0.9511, <I>R</I><SUP>2</SUP> = 0.9725, and <I>R</I><SUP>2</SUP> = 0.9530 and with training errors of 0.887, 1.24, 0.626, and 0.629, respectively. As a result of ANOVA, most of the PLS model results were not significantly (<I>P</I> > 0.05) different from the corresponding reference values. These results proved that the fast GC electronic nose has the potential to assess egg freshness and feasibility to predict multiple egg freshness indices during its circulation in the supply chain.</P>

Kinetic modeling impacts of relative humidity, storage temperature, and air flow velocity on various indices of hen egg freshness

Yimenu, Samuel Mezemir,Koo, Junemo,Kim, Ji-Young,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Kim, Byeong-Sam Poultry Science Association Inc. 2018 Poultry science Vol.97 No.12

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Storage experiments were conducted to study the impacts of the environmental factors (temperature (T) (°C), relative humidity (RH) (%), and air flow velocity (VEL) (m/s)) on the hen egg quality indices and to develop kinetic model(s) for freshness prediction. VEL had negligible effect on relative weight loss (RWL). All factors had significant effect on Haugh unit (HU) but only T impacted <I>S</I>-ovalbumin content (SO). Fitted regression lines for the RWL and the HU had determination coefficient (R<SUP>2</SUP>) of 0.996 and 0.95, respectively. The HU equation reflected impacts of all factors, and the impact of temperature shift-up increases the HU decrease, where the impact decreases with RH and increases with flow velocity. Kinetic model for SO was developed using isothermal (5, 10, 20, 25, and 28.5°C) conditions and validated under dynamic (10 to 20 and 10 to 28.5°C) conditions. The accuracy and bias factor values were 1.091 and 0.917 at 10 to 20°C and 1.206 and 1.204 at 10 to 28.5°C, respectively, which indicates that the SO model performed well. The SO model can be used along with the HU model (as the HU model can reflect the combined effect of temperature, humidity, and air flow velocity) to predict hen egg freshness at 5 to 28.5°C storage condition.</P>

Immune-enhancing activity of phosvitin by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory mediator

Lee, J. H,Moon, S. H,Kim, H. S,Park, E,Ahn, D. U,Paik, H. D Poultry Science Association Inc. 2017 Poultry science Vol. No.

Improvement of Bolton broth by supplementation with tazobactam for the isolation of Campylobacter from chicken rinses

Chon, Jung-Whan,Kim, Young-Ji,Rashid, Farzana,Sung, Kidon,Khan, Saeed,Kim, Hyunsook,Seo, Kun-Ho Poultry Science Association Inc. 2018 Poultry science Vol.97 No.1

<P>Overgrowth of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) on Campylobacter media prevents the latter's selective isolation, thereby making the improvement of Campylobacter-selective media necessary. We evaluated tazobactam (an ESBL inhibitor) to supplement Bolton enrichment broth (Tz-Bolton broth) for the selective isolation of Campylobacter in chicken carcass rinses. First, using 20 strains of ESBL-producing E. coli and 13 Campylobacter strains, we found 4 mu g/mL of tazobactam to be optimal for inhibiting the ESBL-producing E. coli while allowing the growth of all tested Campylobacter strains. Next, 80 whole chicken carcasses were rinsed with buffered peptone water (BPW), and 25 mL of BPW rinse was mixed with 2 x blood-free Bolton broth (25 mL) with or without tazobactam followed by incubation at 42 degrees C for 48 h under microaerobic conditions. A loopful of the incubated broth was inoculated on modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) and microaerobically incubated at 42 degrees C for 48 h. The tazobactam supplemented Bolton broth showed a higher Campylobacter isolation rate (38.8%, p < 0.05) than normal Bolton broth (15%). Moreover, the number of mCCDA plates with non-Campylobacter was much lower (p < 0.05) after enrichment in Tz-Bolton broth (0%) than in the normal Bolton broth (80%), suggesting that selectivity of the modified broth was superior to normal Bolton broth.</P>

The apparent metabolizable energy requirement of male Korean native ducklings from hatch to 21 days of age

Wickramasuriya, S.S.,Yoo, J.,Kim, J.C.,Heo, J.M. Poultry Science Association Inc. 2016 Poultry science Vol. No.

<P>A study was conducted to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) requirement of Korean native ducklings for hatch to 21 d of age. A total of 336 one-day-old male Korean native ducklings were used in a completely randomized design having 8 dietary treatments to provide a range of AME content from 2,600 to 3,300 kcal/kg (i.e., 100 kcal/kg disparity). Eight experimental diets containing varying levels of AME were formulated to meet the NRC (1994) nutrient specifications. Ducklings were randomly allocated to 48 pens (6 replicates per treatment and 7 ducklings per pen) and were offered their respective diets on an ad libitum basis for the period of study. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly to calculate feed conversion ratio, energy intake, and protein intake. Two ducklings per pen (n = 6) were euthanized via cervical dislocation to weigh empty body and drumsticks at the conclusion of the experiment. Data were fitted to both linear-plateau and quadratic-plateau models for estimation of the AME requirements for Korean native ducklings for hatch to 21 d of age. The estimated AME requirements were 2,953, 3,007, and 2,950 kcal AME/kg diet for maximum daily gain, daily feed intake, and for minimum feed conversion ratio, respectively.</P>

Effects of stock density on the laying performance, blood parameter, corticosterone, litter quality, gas emission and bone mineral density of laying hens in floor pens

Kang, H. K.,Park, S. B.,Kim, S. H.,Kim, C. H. Poultry Science Association, Inc. 2016 Poultry science Vol.95 No.12

<P>The effects of stocking density on the performance, egg quality, leukocyte concentration, blood biochemistry, corticosterone levels, bone mineral density, and noxious gas emission of laying hens were investigated. Eight hundred 34-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens (<I>Gallus gallus domesticus</I>) were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments, each of which was replicated 4 times. Four stocking densities, including 5, 6, 7, and 10 birds/m<SUP>2</SUP>, were compared. A commercial-type basal diet was formulated to meet or exceed nutrient recommendations for laying hens from the National Research Council. The diet was fed to the hens ad libitum for 8 wk. Results indicated that hen-day egg production, egg mass, and feed intake were less for (<I>P</I> < 0.01) 10 birds/m<SUP>2</SUP> stock density than other stock densities. Production rate of floor and broken eggs and eggshell strength were greater (<I>P</I> < 0.01) for 10 birds/m<SUP>2</SUP> stock density than other stock densities. There were no significant differences in the level of leukocytes among densities. However, heterophils and the H/L ratio were greater (<I>P</I> < 0.01) for 10 birds/m<SUP>2</SUP> than in stock density of 6 or 7 birds/m<SUP>2</SUP>. Serum corticosterone was greater (<I>P</I> < 0.01) 10 birds/m<SUP>2</SUP> than stock density than other stock densities. Litter moisture and gas emission (CO<SUB>2</SUB> and NH<SUB>3</SUB>) were greater (<I>P</I> < 0.01) for 10 birds/m<SUP>2</SUP> than stock density than 6 and 7 birds/m<SUP>2</SUP> stock density. Bone mineral content was not influenced by increasing stock density. However, bone mineral density was less (<I>P</I> < 0.05) for 10 m<SUP>2</SUP> stock density than other stock densities. These results indicate that increasing the density beyond 5 birds/m<SUP>2</SUP> elicits some negative effects on laying performance of Hy-Line brown laying hens.</P>

In vitro cytotoxic and ACE-inhibitory activities of promod 278P hydrolysate of ovotransferrin from chicken egg white

Moon, S.H.,Lee, J.H.,Kim, J.H.,Paik, H.-D.,Ahn, D.U. Poultry Science Association Inc. 2017 Poultry science Vol. No.

<P>Peptides released from egg proteins via enzymatic hydrolysis show various bioactivities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and immunomodulatory properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activities of ovotransferrin and its promod 278P enzyme hydrolysate. Ovotransferrin from egg white was hydrolyzed using promod 278P at 45 degrees C for 3 hours. Using the MTT assay, the cytotoxicity of ovotransferrin and promod 278P hydrolysate of ovotransferrin were evaluated in human cancer cell lines of various tissue origins. The ACE-inhibitory activity was determined using the cleavage of a chromogenic substrate -Hip-His-Leu. The promod 278P hydrolysate of ovotransferrin showed a potent cytotoxicity (>90%) at 20 mg/mL in all cancer cell lines tested, but ovotransferrin did not. The IC50 value of the promod 278P hydrolysate of ovotransferrin against 5 different cancer cells were 10.05 +/- 1.55, 3.45 +/- 0.94, 4.43 +/- 1.87, 4.92 +/- 0.63, and 10.43 +/- 3.91 mg/mL for MCF-7, HeLa, HepG2, HT-29, and LoVo cells, respectively. The promod 278P hydrolysate of ovotransferrin showed a strong ACE-inhibiting activity: at 10 mg/mL level, the hydrolysate showed 76.82 +/- 1.28% inhibition to ACE-inhibitory activity, and 73.33 +/- 2.56%, 56.85 +/- 1.84%, 50.32 +/- 3.71%, 17.30 +/- 0.13%, and 4.52 +/- 6.83% inhibitory activity at 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.3125 mg/mL level, respectively. The IC50 value of the promod 278P hydrolysate of ovotransferrin was 1.53 +/- 0.20 mg/mL. However, ovotransferrin did not show any inhibitory effect to angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. This result indicated that the promod 278P hydrolysate of ovotransferrin has a great potential as an anticancer and antihypertension agent for humans, but the information on the peptides responsible for the functional activities is not available yet.</P>