Electron Microscopic Study on Detoxication Effect of Red Ginseng Extract on Mouse Liver Injury induced by Methyl Mercury

정희원,Chung, Hee-Won Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1987 Applied microscopy Vol.17 No.1

생쥐 간세포(肝細胞)의 미세구조(微細構造)에 미치는 메틸수은(水銀)의 독성적(毒性的) 영향(影響)과 이에 대한 홍삼(紅蔘) 추출물(抽出物)의 해독효과를 전자현미경적(電子顯微鏡的)으로 연구하였다. 대조군(對照群)의 간세포(肝細胞)에 비하여 메틸수은(水銀)만을 투여(投與)한 군(群)에서는 핵(核)의 일부가 붕괴(崩壞)되고, mitochondria의 팽대(膨大), cristae의 수축(收縮) 내지 손실(損失) 및 다수의 대형 강포(腔胞)의 출현(出現)이 일어나고 glycogen의 양(量)이 감소되었다. 메틸수은(水銀)과 홍삼(紅蔘) 추출물(抽出物)을 병행(倂行) 투여(投與)한 군(群)에서는 메틸수은(水銀)만을 투여(投與)한 군(群)에서보다 mitochondria의 팽대(膨大) 정도(程度)가 적고 강포(腔胞)의 크기와 수가 감소되었으며 정상(正常) 세포(細胞)와 비슷한 상태로 나타났다. Detoxication effect of red ginseng extract against toxicity of methly mercury on ultrastructure of mouse liver was studied by electron microscopy. The hepatocyte of methyl mercury treatment group showed partial rupture of nucleus, mitochondrial swelling, decrease of glycogen content, and appearance of a great number of large vacuoles. While, the hepatocyte of methyl mercury-red ginseng extract treatment group showed slight mitochondrial swelling and decrease of vacuoles in size and number than those of methyl mercury treatment group.

Replication and Sequential Development of Adherent Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Studied by Light and Electron Microscopies

김치경,Kim, C.K.,Pfister, Robert M. Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1982 Applied microscopy Vol.12 No.2

Mycoplasma pneumoniae의 형태적(形態的) 분화과정(分化過程)을 광학(光學) 및 Carbon replication과 critical point drying 전자현미경 기술(技術)을 이용하여 관찰(觀察)하였다. 단세포(單細胞)로 부터 시작하는 전분화(全分化) 과정에서 이 세균(細菌)은 구형(球形)과 방추형(紡錘形)의 세포형태(細胞形態)로 특유(特有)한 분화(分化)를 하며 이 과정은 배양액(培養液)의 pH변화(變化)와 일치(一致)하여 진행(進行)되었다. 본(本) 연구(硏究) 결과(結果)로 부터 M. pneumoniae의 단세포(單細胞)에서 시작되는 새로운 생활회로(生活回路)를 다음과 같이 제기(提起)하였다. 단세포기(單細胞期)를 지나 제1분열기(第1分裂期)에는 구형세포(球形細胞)가 주로 대수증식기(對數增殖期)의 초기에 이분법(二分法)에 의하여 분열하고 그 후에 방추형 세포(細胞)가 분절법(分節法)에 의하여 분열하는 제2분열기(第2分裂期)가 뒤 따른다. 방추형(紡錘形)의 긴 세포(細胞)는 극성(極性)을 갖고 세포 한쪽 끝으로 부터 성장(成長)하여 수 많은 방추형세포에 의한 망상기(網狀期)가 된다. 이와 같은 생장회로(生長回路)는 좋은 생장(生長) 환경에서는 반복되지만 pH가 6.8 이하로 떨어지거나 다른 조건(條件)들이 나빠지면 세포표면(細胞表面)이 조악(粗惡)한 구형(球形)으로 변형(變形)되어 사멸기(死滅期)에 들어가 모든 세포(細胞)는 생명력(生命力)을 상실하게 된다. The morphological development of Mycoplasma pneumoniae attached to solid surfaces was examined by light and electron microscopies. Critical point drying and carbon replication techniques revealed that during the growth cycle of developing microcolonies, the morphological form coincided with the pH of the culture. M. pneumoniae appeared to have a well defined morphology associated with age of the culture. The organisms were dimorphic, with round cells capable of reproduction and segments consisting of a spindle shaped body with one pointed and one knob-like end. Starting with single cells, there were the following stages in the development of a culture: replication stage through binary fission and segmentation, stage of confluency, and a degeneration stage into rough spherical forms. The round cells appearrd to replicate by binary fission during the lag and early log phases of growth, while spindle segments replicated by segmentation during most of the logarithmic growth. The growth of the filaments and replication of the segments occured at the knob-like ends, showing a type of polarity, and formed a meshwork across the surface. This development could be cycled under favorable growth conditions, but the culture aged and when the conditions became adverse(e.g. pH 6.8 or lower), filamentous cells converted to spherical forms, losing their reproductive capability.

자루이형흡충(Stictodora fuscatum)의 표면 미세구조

손운목,Sohn, Woon-Mok Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 2000 Applied microscopy Vol.30 No.2

Present study was performed to observe the surface ultrastructures of Stictadora furcatum (Trematoda: Heterophyidae). Adult worms were recovered from the cat experimentally infected with metacercariae, and were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The body was leaf-like and ventrally concave. The oral sucker armed with prominent tegumental spines on the inner surface, and it's lips were obscure. Sensory papillae (type I) in single or grouped forms symmetrically arranged around the oral sucker. The ventrogenital opening retained protruding gonotyl spines and sperms discharged from the genital pore . The body surface was covered with scale-like multipointed tegumental spines. The density and digitated point of spines were gradually decreased toward the posterior end of the body. The digitated points of spines on the anterior portion were 9-12, on the middle were 7-8 and 5-6, and on the posterior were 2-3 and peg-like. Although the tegumental ultrastructure of S. fuscatum was generally similar to those of other heterophyid flukes , the oral sucker with tegumental spines on the inner surface and without obvious lips, and the ventrogenital opening with protruding gonotyl spines were suggested to be the characteristic features.

자라 위 및 십이지장 내분비세포에 관한 전자현미경적 연구

전창진,이재현,이창헌,Jeon, Chang-Jin,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Lee, Chang-Eon Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1986 Applied microscopy Vol.16 No.2

자라의 위 및 십이지장에 출현하는 내분비세포의 형태를 알아보기 위하여 전자현미경으로 관찰을 행하였던 바, 과립의 크기, 형태, 전자밀도 및 세포의 형태 등에 의해 다음과 같이 6종의 세포형으로 구분할 수 있었다. I형 : 직경 $100{\sim}430nm$(평균 290nm)로서 전자밀도가 낮고 많은 수의 다양한 형태의 과립을 가진 것. II형 : 직경 $190{\sim}430nm$(평균 280nm)로서 높은 전자밀도를 나타내며 다양한 형태의 과립을 가진 것, III형 : 직경 $170{\sim}650nm$(평균 430nm)로서 전자밀도가 높고 과립막과 내용물 사이에 넓은 halo를 형성하는 과립을 가진 것. IV형 : 직경 $140{\sim}370nm$(평균 240nm)로서 전자밀도가 대체로 낮고 과립막과 내용물이 밀착된 과립을 가진 깃. V형 : 직경 $300{\sim}600nm$(평균 410nm)로서 전자밀도는 낮거나 중등도이며, 과립은 곽립막과 내용물 사이에 명확한 halo를 형성하고, 세포질내 미세섬유를 가지는 것. VI형 : 직경 $100{\sim}220nm$(평균 160nm)로서 대체로 소형의 과립을 가지며, 전자밀도는 다양하고 과립은 과립막과 내용물 사이에 halo를 형성하는 것, 밀착된 것 또는 내용물이 결정구조를 나타내는 것 등으로 다양하며 세포질내 풍부한 미세섬유를 가지는 것. The endocrine cells of the stomach and duodenum of the pond tortoise (Amyda sinensis) have been studied by electron microscopy. At least six types of endocrine cells could be identified in these regions. Type I cells were characterized by having pleomorphic or medium sized granules ($100{\sim}430nm$ in diameter, mean; 290 nm) which were moderate in electron density. Type II cells were characterized by having pleomorphic or medium sized granules ($190{\sim}430nm$ in diameter, mean; 280 nm) which were high in electron density. Type III cells were characterized by having large oval or irregular granules($170{\sim}650nm$, mean: 430 nm) with wide vesicular halo which were high in electron density. Type IV cells were characterized by having round or medium sized granules($140{\sim}370nm$, mean; 240 nm) which were low to moderate in electron density and showed a very thin halo. Type V cells were characterized by having large round or oval granules($300{\sim}600nm$, mean; 410 nm) which were low to moderate in electron density and showed a dense core and a wide clear halo. Microfilaments were also found in the cytoplasm. Type VI cells were characterized by having round and small granules($100{\sim}220nm$, mean; 160 nm) which were low to moderate in electron density and showed a very thin halo or crystalline structure of the contents. Many microfilament bundles were also found in the cytoplasm.

Electron Microscopic Visualization of Dendrolimus spectabilis Midgut Cells infected by D. spectabilis Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus

이형환,이근광,이민웅,Lee, Hyung-Hoan,Lee, Keun-Kwang,Lee, Min-Woong Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1991 Applied microscopy Vol.21 No.1

Midgut cells of the dead Dendrolimus spectabilis larvae by infection of D. spectabilis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (DsNPV) were observed by transmission electron microscopy. DsNPV replicated in the nucleus of the infected midgut cells and the virogenic stroma of DsNPV appeared in the nucleus, from which nucleocapsids were formed. Also the formation of polyhedral inclusion bodies were observed in the nucleus.

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study on the Sinusoidal Fenestrations in the Hepatic Lobule of Normal Rat

고성은,신영철,Koh, Seong-Eun,Shin, Young-Chul Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1995 Applied microscopy Vol.25 No.4

Rat liver sinusoids were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The sinusoids were provided with fenestrations which were divided into three types; small, medium-sized and large. The small fenestrations were usually gathered into clusters. The medium-sized fenestrations were either individually organized or in the cluster of small fenestrations. The large fenestrations were usually accompanied by small or medium-sized fenestrations. The lobule was divided into three zones; peripheral, intermediate and central, according to the distribution pattern of the fenestrations. The sinusoid providing with small fenestrations (type I) were predominant in the peripheral zone. The sinusoid showing medium-sized fenestrations (type II) were frequently observed in the central zone. The sinusoid having large fenestrations (type III) were abundant in the intermediate zone. This evidence indicate that the sinusoidal fenestrations become larger toward the intermediate zone from the peripheral zone of the lobule and progressively smaller toward the central zone. However, the fenestrations observed in the central zone seem to be larger than those seen in the peripheral zone of the lobule.

Mechanisms of proton secretion by carbonic anhydrase-containing cells in turtle bladder

전진석,Jeon, Jin-Seok Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1992 Applied microscopy Vol.22 No.2

This study was carried out to examine the $H^+$ transport mechanism by observing the properties of cellular membrane having an ${\alpha}$ type of carbonic anhydrase (CA)-containing cells in turtle urinary bladder. The urinary bladder consists of a heterogenous population of cells. As a result of fine observation with traditional thin-section electron microscopy. the bladder epithelium has three different cell types on mucosal surface. They are a basal cell, a granular cell and a third type of CA-rich cell. The CA-rich cells are divided into two distinct smaller groups within them and called them ${\alpha}$ type and ${\beta}$ type of CA cells. The ${\alpha}$ type of CA cells are responsible for the proton secretion using the proton pumps on the apical plasma membrane, while the ${\beta}$ type of CA cells secrete bicarbonate via an oppositely-directed proton pumps in their basolateral plasma membrane. After performing the freeze-fracture technique, it was shown that there were distributed a large number of intramembranous particles having a special structure on the apical membrane of ${\alpha}$ type of CA-rich cells in the process of their $H^+$ secretion. In turtle bladder ${\alpha}$ type of CA-rich cells, this particle was the only prominent structure in the apical membrane. These intramembrane rod-shaped particles probably represent the integral membrane components of the proton pump. This result may explain that carbonic anhydrase within epithelial cell of urinary bladder takes part in formation of $H^+$ and bicarbonate, that active transport of $H^+$ is done, and that the reabsorption of bicarbonate suggests transport mechanism containing $H^+$ secretion. However, it seems that more studies are required for considering their regular transport pathway.

Ultrastructural Observations of Glutamatergic Synaptic Components in the Basilar Pontine Nuclei of the Dog

이현숙,Lee, Hyun-Sook Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1997 Applied microscopy Vol.27 No.1

The distribution of glutamatergic synaptic structures in the dog basilar pons was investigated at the ultrastructural level using monoclonal antibodies against fixative-modified glutamate. Electron-dense reaction product was densely localized at the perinuclear region in the neurenal somata and often observed along the microtubules located within the dendritic processes. One or more unlabelled axon terminals made asymmetric synaptic contacts with glutamate-immunoreactive dendritic profiles. In audition, reaction product was observed either within axonal processes surrounded by myelin sheath or axon terminals. Immunoreactive axon terminals made asymmetric synaptic contact either with unlabelled or labelled dendritic profiles. These observations provided an anatomic evidence of how this excitatory neural element might perform its function in a multisynaptic pathway involving glutamatergic afferents to the basilar pons, glutamate-immunoreactive pontocerebellar projection neurons, and the glutamate-positive granule cells of the cerebellar cortex.

Fine Structural Study on Compensation Effect of Red Ginseng against Methylmercury Injury to Brain and Gill of Fightingfish

정희원,이춘구,Chung, Hee-Won,Lee, Choon-Koo Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1993 Applied microscopy Vol.23 No.1

The toxic effects of methylmercury on the ultrastructures of the brain and gill tissues of fightingfish and compensative effects of red ginseng were investigated by means of electron microscopy. The brain neuron of methylmercury exposure group showed dilatation of dendrite and axon, numerical decrease of ribosomes, partial loss of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm and considerable swelling of mitochondria as compared with the normal neuron. And necrotic cell with ruptured nucleus and vacuolated mitochondria was noticeable. While, slight swelling of mitochondria, some dilation of dendrite and axon and numerical increase of ribosome occurred in the neuron of methylmercury-red ginseng treatment group as compared with the methylmercury exposure group. In the gill lamella of methylmercury exposure group, collapse of pillar cells and arms, dilated epithelial cell and thickened membrane were observed. While, in the gill lamella of methylmercury-red ginseng treatment group, arms were slightly disintegrated and basement membrane was some thickend as compared with the methylmercury exposure group. From the above results, it is concluded that red ginseng has detoxication effect on methylmercury toxicity and so takes compensative effect on injured tissues caused by methylmercury intoxication.

Ultrastructural Characteristics of Glomeruli in EGS/Kist Mice Showing High Proteinuria

이철호,현병화,정영길,김무강,Lee, Chul-Ho,Hyun, Byung-Hwa,Jeong, Young-Gil,Kim, Moo-Kang Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1997 Applied microscopy Vol.27 No.4

Using the electron microscopical method, this study was attempted to investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of glomeruli in FGS/Kist mice showing high proteinuria. The mucus-like substances were observed in glomerular capillary lumen which were usually narrowed by the widening of mesangial area filled with electron-dense deposits. Some portions of basal lamina in capillary wall were projecting to urinary space. Moreover, many vacuoles were observed in the cytoplasm of visceral epithelial cells, and an irregular-shaped fusion or effacement of foot processes were often shown in areas adjacent to basal lamina of glomeruli.