Alternatives for promoting international cooperation among universities, focusing on the Regional University Consortium of Korea(RUCK)

Chun, Jinsuk Jeonju University Press 1995 Jeonju University Journal Vol.2 No.-

The world trade orientation has changed from GATT to WTO since the completion of the Uruguay Round. WTO pushes the open market principle for most goods and servires, resulting in the age of endless competitiveness crossing borders. Moreover, the development of transportation and communication technology has made the world a village, and the world has become more interdependent than ever. Responding to this age of internationalization, the Korean government decided to gradually open the domestic educational market to foreign countries from 1995 in order to emphasize international academic exchange and improve the international competitiveness of our education. However, along with the liberalization of the education market, strong winds will blow across our universities, which must be transformed to become competitive not only in the domestic market but in the global market (Ahn, 1995). On the other hand, with the election of local governments last in June of 1995, we are also meeting the age of full-scale localization. Thus the role of local universities is now more important than ever in accomplishing internationalization and localization simultaneously. The university should serve the needs of the society to which it belongs, as well as create new knowledge. Only universities with a global perspective can survive in this changing environment. In order to prepare for meeting efficiently the needs of internationalization and localization, local universities are required to promote international cooperation by building a global network. RUCK is the regional university collaborative consortium initiated by local universities of Korea to achieve the mission of dealing with educational competitiveness that comes with the world's greater interdependence Presidents of eight local universities established the Regional University Consortium of Korea (RUCK) in September of 1995 to emphasize international educational competitiveness to cope with the rapidly changing environment, both internally and externally. The purpose of this study is to explore alternatives to facilitate international cooperation among local universities under RUCK. Thus experiences and recommendations gained from RUCK will provide a useful benchmark for other universities interested in internationalizing to meet the age of globalization. The scope of this study is thus limited to international cooperation between eight universities under RUCK. This study analyzes the current realities of international relations of RUCK in its first section, and the theoretical background is covered in the second section. The third section suggests alternatives by which the eight local universities can collaborate in the field of international cooperation. The fourth section reviews the infrastructure for long term internationalization of the university to promote international cooperation among universities. Finally, some conclusions are drawn.

Universal Phonological Processes in Korean : An Overview

Kim, Hyung-Soo Jeonju University Press 1994 Jeonju University Journal Vol.1 No.1

Basic to Theoretical Phonology is the concept of universal phonological process. This concept maintains that there exists a limited number of phonological processes. common to all languages in the world, and explanation in phonology must be done by referring to them. In this paper, we have discussed three of those processes and their application in Korean: syncope, lenition, and dissimilation. The purpose of this discussion has been two-fold: 1) to introduce to the reader some major phonological phenomena observed in Korean and 2) to show that these phonological processes in Korean occur essentially under the same conditions as in other languages, thus con-firming their universality.

"Processing English," the core of learning to speak English : Student responsibilities, and a suggested "holistic" program

Busbee, Everette Jeonju University Press 1995 Jeonju University Journal Vol.2 No.-

Global Networking and Adaptive Entrepreneurial University

Rhee, Chong-Ik Jeonju University Press 1994 Jeonju University Journal Vol.1 No.1

On the basis of the observations we have made here, it seems evident that globalization of higher education, and introduction of adaptive-entrepreneurial university management, are powerful determinants of the direction of university development over the next several decades in Korea, as well as in many other countries. Further, such things as continuing education, research and technology transfer, and income generation are critical elements in the evolution of a university toward global and adaptive-entrepreneurial behavior. We must now prepare policy responses appropriate to these particular needs in the particular environment of Korea.

Jeonju University : Past, Present, and Future

Kim, Hyung-Soo Jeonju University Press 1994 Jeonju University Journal Vol.1 No.1

Jeonju University is a private Christian institution located in the traditional city of Chonju (pop.550,O0O), Chonbuk Province, which aims to cultivate, in the spirit of Christian faith and democratic ideals, men and women of ability that can contribute to the peace and progress of their nation as well as the human society in general.

Attacking a Weakness in the Mechanics of Reading : Improving Word Recognition by Brief Multiple Exposure to Words

Busbee, Everette Jeonju University Press 1999 Jeonju University Journal Vol.6 No.-

After years of neglect, reading is making a comeback in EFL/ESL. For many years reading was viewed as the most valued language skill because many people around the world needed to be able to read English, even though they would rarely have a need or even an opportunity to speak it. The audiolingualists, however, coming to the fore at the end of World War Ⅱ when the value of actually speaking a foreign language had become clear, stressed speaking over reading. Communicative Language Teaching advocates continued this emphasis on speech. Reading is now again becoming viewed as a valid part of whole language study, which recognizes that the four skills are interrelated, and that extensive reading in English can improve speaking skills. Kitao and Kitao (1995), reviewing the literature concerning EFL reading in Japan, note the feeling among Japanese that although their speaking is poor, they can read well. But Kitao and Kitao conclude this is a myth, pointing out that when a group of Japanese was asked to read an English passage and try to do it quickly, they read at only 105 words per minute(WPM), with 54% comprehension. Similar results have been obtained in Korea. Song(1999) gave several passages of English on the native speaking high school level to students at one of Korea's top universities, and reading speeds and comprehensions were similarly low. We can look at these reading proficiencies in two ways, one that such reading can lead to test scores that gain admittance to prestigious universities and lead to promotion at work, and the other that such reading hardly qualifies as reading. A comprehension rate of 50% can lead to little reading that provides any information reliable enough to be useful in a practical manner. Further, the comprehension figures in these studies appear to have been uncorrected for guessing, and so are artificially high, according to Gough, Larson, and Yopp(1996). That is, in a study that determines reading comprehension by a four-choice multiple choice test, people who know nothing whatsoever about a particular language will score an average of 25%, so a raw score of 50% on a four-choice multiple choice comprehension test in actuality means comprehending, on average, only 37.5% of the material. An additional issue is how to compare data derived from reading speed/comprehension studies. For capturing the tradeoff between speed and comprehension, Jackson and McClelland(1979) suggest the use of an Effective Reading Rate (ERR), or reading speed times percent correct on a comprehension test, and I suggest this be refined to include correction for guessing. Using the guessing-corrected ERR, it can be seen that the college students in the Japanese and Korean studies are effectively reading at about 10% the rate of American college students, who read normal material at 300-400 WPM with near-complete comprehension. Kitao and Kitao (1995) call for effort to increase reading speeds, by such methods as having students keep track of their speeds. This is commendable, but greater intervention is called for. One of my research interests is ways of using computers for English teaching in ways other than Internet surfing and word processing. My primary research interest is the content course, specifically such a course based on computers, and the source of much of my information is my required two-semester advanced computer course taught in English. Preliminary studies I have conducted on Korean college students indicate an improvement in reading speed is derived from computer-based speed reading training, and that vocabulary learning is facilitated by regular use of flash-card software In addition, the computer can be utilized for improving reading mechanics at the decoding level, and this is the subject of the present study. I by no means claim that improved decoding skills will, with little other work, somehow cause students to become excellent readers of English, but I think the results can be worthy of the efforts. As the pioneer in reading E. B. Huey (1908) wrote: "Reading is the means by which the world does a large part of its work.... The slightest improvement either in the page or in the method of reading means a great service to the human race." While I know of no studies on the decoding processes of L2 readers, the mechanics for poor L1 readers are quite inefficient (slow and inaccurate) (Sparks et al., 1997). Consequently, one area of possible value in EFL reading may be improving the accuracy and speed of getting the words into the brain at the very lowest level of the reading process, that is, the initial process of matching a written word with a word in the reader's memory. There are issues here that are greater than the issue of reading speed. As the process of word recognition becomes more automatic, short-term memory once required for storing decoding information becomes free for processing on a higher level, resulting in higher comprehension. Anything that helps the efficiency of the reading process should be utilized, and at the very least the experience of working toward quick and accurate word recognition could be valuable in increasing awareness that speed of decoding is an important ingredient of reading proficiency. Awareness is a potent agent for improvement. It is common for English teachers, especially those teaching in a non-English-speaking country, to discover that students have little awareness of problems, just as Kitao and Kitao (1995) report that the Japanese, while they are poor readers, think they are good readers. In addition to the awareness that there is a problem, there is also a more positive awareness, and that is of the possibilities. Whatever the specifics, awareness is necessary for self-directed improvement. This paper looks at the use of tachistoscope software for brief presentation of English words (flashing measured in milliseconds), under a variety of regimens, to improve reading in English.

The Development of the Korean Stock Market from 1981 to 1995

Jeong, Hee Joon,Choi, Jong Soo Jeonju University Press 1999 Jeonju University Journal Vol.6 No.-

In the previous volume of the Jeonju University Journal, the junior author of this article presented a discussion of financial liberalization in Korea from the early 1980s to 1995(Choi, 1998). Taking into account the results of a series of financial liberalizations during 1981-1995, it is difficult to say that the original purposes of the liberalization are fully satisfied. Despite a variety of formal liberalization measures, there remain substantial informal, indirect intervention, and there is much evidence that the price mechanism of the financial system is repressed. Compared to the financial systems in developed countries (DCs), which have a well functioning market mechanism, Korea shows immaturity and repressive aspects. For these reasons, Park (1994) still characterized the aspects of the financial system in Korea as having a repressive nature because the indirect financial system was composed of a relatively small number of large financial intermediaries. While his characterization may be right in an analysis of the Korean financial system of a particular point in time, it tends to disregard substantial changes made during financial liberalization. Despite still existing aspects of financial repression, the repressive nature has been alleviated gradually compared to pre-liberalization. A considerable part of the financial system, such as non-bank financial intermediaries (NBFIs), could enjoy the freedom in their decision making, even though the freedom was restricted. Another important change was the expansion of the stock markers. The rapidly growing markets provided economic agents in Korea with more ables can no longer be isolated from the other financial behaviors in Korea. Above all, the most remarkable feature in the financial liberalization in Korea is that the liberalization succeeded in the mobilization of financial resources for economic growth. The savings of the financial intermediaries, as well as, the capital accumulation in the stock market have exceeded the growth of GNP which has been relatively high among the world's countries. With that as a base to build on, the focus now becomes the development of the Korean stock market during the same period. In this context, the objective of this study is to describe the development of the Korean Securities Markets during the period 1981 to 1995, as well as to identify the factors affecting that development. Proceeding in this vein, the remainder of the article is organized as follows. Section one briefly reviews the history and some aspects on the capital market, especially the stock market. Section two examines how the economic agents in Korea have responded to the chief financial factors in financial decision making (i.e., financial asset preference by savers and financing by production firms). Finally, section three presents conclusions and some policy suggestions.

A New Direction for Scholarship in the University in the Twenty First Century

Neville, Robert Cummings Jeonju University Press 1994 Jeonju University Journal Vol.1 No.1

President, Members of the University, Guests, and Friends; the honor of your invitation to address the anniversary celebration of this university is one for which I am deeply grateful. The honor is made all the greater by the topic you have assigned for this address, which I take seriously in all its parts: A New Direction for Scholarship in the University in the Twenty First Century. That you are inquiring about new directions means that you recognize the need to anticipate altered conditions and to be prepared to change the course of the university to meet them. Most universities feel themselves lucky to be able to respond to yesterday's crises, and I congratulate you on the youthful flexibility of your approach, despite the fact you are celebrating an anniversary. That you are interested in scholarship rather than teaching alone means that you recognize the critical function of universities to advance knowledge, not just to present old learning, and not just to meet the needs of student to prepare themselves for a demanding economic world.

Henry James's biographical context according to the literary theory of E. W. Said

Shim, Sang Wook Jeonju University Press 1995 Jeonju University Journal Vol.2 No.-

Henry James(1843-1916) was a writer who had a powerful influence on the English literary world of the early 20th century, whom both Britain and America now claim as their own and who has generated such a study boom. He examined fictional form with a new literary theory and, through his experiments with the novel, became a pioneer of Modernism. His art of the novel and criticism developed into the literary method of James Joyce, Joseph Conrad, Virginia Woolf and others.

Crack Size and Geometry Effect on Crack Closure

Jung, Hie-young Jeonju University Press 1995 Jeonju University Journal Vol.2 No.-

One of the early methods of determining fracture toughness was to measure crack opening displacement of a specimen that had a fatigue crack at the root of a notch. Drucker and Rice (1970), however, conducted elastic-plastic analyses which suggested that the fracture toughness results whirc were obtained from this type of test would be dependent on specimen geometry; i.e., measurement of crack opening displacement could differ for different specimen geometries. More recently Larsson and Carlsson (1973), Rice (1974), and Leevers and Radon (1982) presented results of analyses which indicated that the characterization of the stress state at a crack tip could not always be accurately predicted for different specimen geometries by use of the mode I stress Intensity factor. They showed that a more accurate characterization could, be obtained by including the second term of the Williams series; i.e., the so-called T stress term. Since about 1971, there has been a considerable interest in a fatigue phenomenon described as closure. This actually involves prevention of closure by the presence of a plastic wake (Elber, 1971) or by roughness asperities on the fatigue crack surfaces (Walker and Beevers, 1979). The amount of crack opening displacement can be expected to affect the amount of interference which is produced by crack surface obstructions to closure. Acceptable methods for predicting closure effects must, of course, be valid for all specimen geometries and conditions of loading to be useful in the prediction of fatigue crack growth in components in machines and structural systems. For example, would a center cracked specimen under tensile loading and an edge crack specimen under bending have the same near crack opening contours if they are both loaded to develop the same value of stress intensity factor? That is, can closure predictions based on the use of data obtained on a center crack specimen be valid for all cracked bodies? The objective of the studies described here was to examine the factors which prompted the preceding questions. To accomplish this, finite element analyses of three specimen geometries were performed. These were the center crack tensile (CCT) specimen, the single edge notched specimen under tensile loading (SEN-Tension), and the single edge notched specimen under bending (SEN-Bending). The loading which was applied in these numerical experiments was chosen to develop the same stress intensity factor for all three specimens. The near crack tip opening displacements were then determined for each of the specimens.