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Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2013 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.4 No.1
<P><B>Objectives:</B></P><P>As the prevalence of tsutsugamushi disease has tripled over the past decade to affect 8307 people in October 2012, this study is conducted to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid infection of tsutsugamushi disease in order to analyze the loss of value caused by climate change diseases.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>The double-bounded dichotomous choice of contingent valuation method was used to estimate the WTP to avoid infection of tsutsugamushi disease, through surveys conducted in the patient group (<I>n</I> = 120) and the control group (<I>n</I> = 240).</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>More young people in the family, higher level of awareness of risks caused by climate change, more male members (as opposed to female), higher income, lower suggested bid, and greater WTP, is better positioned to avoid infection of disease. The mean of the amount of WTP has been estimated to be 3689 Kwon per month.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>As people have become increasingly aware of climate change diseases, WTP to avoid infection of tsutsugamushi disease has increased accordingly. The implicit loss of value due to climate change diseases is becoming increasingly higher. Therefore, there should be stronger and more aggressive promotional activities to prevent people from being infected with tsutsugamushi disease and to build a healthier society free from climate change diseases.</P>
Serum MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Mice Infected with Rabies Virus
Han, Myung Guk,Park, Jun-Sun,Lee, Cho Soon,Jeong, Young Eui,Ryou, Jung Sang,Cho, Jung Eun,Ju, Young Ran,Lee, Kyoung-Ki Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2011 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.2 No.3
<P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>Serum or plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis for cancer and prenatal diseases. This study was conducted to investigate whether rabies virus causes a change in serum miRNA expression.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>ICR mice were intramuscularly inoculated with rabies virus and were sacrificed weekly to collect serum and brain tissue for 4 weeks postinoculation. Mice were assigned to four groups based on the results of indirect immunofluorescent assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the expression profiles of serum miRNAs were compared using a commercial mouse miRNA expression profiling assay.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The expression levels of miRNAs changed significantly with the different stages of the disease. The expression level of 94 serum miRNAs in infected mice changed at least twofold. Seven microRNAs of them were significantly upregulated or downregulated in all infected mice regardless of disease status. The number of miRNAs with an expression level change decreased with the progression of the disease. In a hierarchical cluster analysis, infected mice clustered into a group separate from uninfected control mice.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Based on the relationship of miRNAs to gene expression regulation, miRNAs may be candidates for the study of viral pathogenesis and could have potential as biomarkers.</P>
Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease during 2010–2011 Epidemic, South Korea
Park, Jong-Hyeon,Lee, Kwang-Nyeong,Ko, Young-Joon,Kim, Su-Mi,Lee, Hyang-Sim,Shin, Yeun-Kyung,Sohn, Hyun-Joo,Park, Jee-Yong,Yeh, Jung-Yong,Lee, Yoon-Hee,Kim, Min-Jeong,Joo, Yi-Seok,Yoon, Hachung,Yoon, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2013 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.19 No.4
<P>An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease caused by serotype O virus occurred in cattle and pigs in South Korea during November 2010–April 2011. The highest rates of case and virus detection were observed 44 days after the first case was detected. Detection rates declined rapidly after culling and completion of a national vaccination program.</P>
Hyeon, Ji-Yeon,Hwang, Seoyeon,Kim, Hyejin,Song, Jaehyoung,Ahn, Jeongbae,Kang, Byunghak,Kim, Kisoon,Choi, Wooyoung,Chung, Jae Keun,Kim, Cheon-Hyun,Cho, Kyungsoon,Jee, Youngmee,Kim, Jonghyun,Kim, Kisang Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2013 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.19 No.8
<P>The epidemiology of enteroviral infection in South Korea during 1999–2011 chronicles nationwide outbreaks and changing detection and subtyping methods used over the 13-year period. Of 14,657 patients whose samples were tested, 4,762 (32.5%) samples were positive for human enterovirus (human EV); as diagnostic methods improved, the rate of positive results increased. A seasonal trend of outbreaks was documented. Genotypes enterovirus 71, echovirus 30, coxsackievirus B5, enterovirus 6, and coxsackievirus B2 were the most common genotypes identified. Accurate test results correlated clinical syndromes to enterovirus genotypes: aseptic meningitis to echovirus 30, enterovirus 6, and coxsackievirus B5; hand, foot and mouth disease to coxsackievirus A16; and hand, foot and mouth disease with neurologic complications to enterovirus 71. There are currently no treatments specific to human EV infections; surveillance of enterovirus infections such as this study provides may assist with evaluating the need to research and develop treatments for infections caused by virulent human EV genotypes.</P>
Southeast Asian Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Eastern Asia
Knowles, Nick J.,He, JiJun,Shang, Youjun,Wadsworth, Jemma,Valdazo-Gonzá,lez, Begoñ,a,Onosato, Hiroyuki,Fukai, Katsuhiko,Morioka, Kazuki,Yoshida, Kazuo,Cho, In-Soo,Kim, Su-Mi,Park, Jong-Hye Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.18 No.3
<P>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks recently affected 2 countries (Japan and South Korea) in eastern Asia that were free of FMD without vaccination. Analysis of viral protein 1 nucleotide sequences indicated that FMD serotype A and O viruses that caused these outbreaks originated in mainland Southeast Asia to which these viruses are endemic.</P>
Reemergence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, South Korea, 2000–2011
Park, Jong-Hyeon,Lee, Kwang-Nyeong,Kim, Su-Mi,Lee, Hyang-Sim,Ko, Young-Joon,Tark, Dong-Seob,Shin, Yeun-Kyung,Seo, Min-Goo,Kim, Byounghan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2014 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.20 No.12
<P>Five outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease have occurred in South Korea during 2000–2011. Macro-analysis of these outbreaks showed a correlation with outbreaks in countries in eastern Asia. Genetic analyses of food-and-mouth disease viruses in South Korea showed a correlation with viruses that are prevalent in neighboring countries.</P>
Hantavirus in Northern Short-tailed Shrew, United States
Arai, Satoru,Song, Jin-Won,Sumibcay, Laarni,Bennett, Shannon N.,Nerurkar, Vivek R.,Parmenter, Cheryl,Cook, Joseph A.,Yates, Terry L.,Yanagihara, Richard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2007 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.13 No.9
<P>Phylogenetic analyses, based on partial medium- and large-segment sequences, support an ancient evolutionary origin of a genetically distinct hantavirus detected by reverse transcription–PCR in tissues of northern short-tailed shrews (<I>Blarina brevicauda</I>) captured in Minnesota in August 1998. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of hantaviruses harbored by shrews in the Americas.</P>
Gouleako and Herbert Viruses in Pigs, Republic of Korea, 2013
Chung, Hee Chun,Nguyen, Van Giap,Goede, Dane,Park, Chang Hoon,Kim, A. Reum,Moon, Hyoung Joon,Park, Seong Jun,Kim, Hye Kwon,Park, Bong Kyun Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2014 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.20 No.12
<P>Several viruses in the family <I>Bunyaviridae</I> are pathogenic to animals and cause vector-borne zoonoses. In 2013, investigation of cause of death of 9 pigs on 1 farm in the Republic of Korea found infection with Gouleako and Herbert viruses. Subsequent investigation revealed high prevalence of these viruses among pigs throughout the country.</P>
Oseltamivir-Resistant Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus, South Korea
Yi, Hwajung,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Hong, Eun-Hye,Kim, Mi-Seon,Kwon, Donghyok,Choi, Jang-Hoon,Choi, Woo-Young,Kim, Ki-Soon,Lee, Jong-Koo,Oh, Hee-Bok,Kang, Chun Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2010 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.16 No.12
<P>To identify oseltamivir resistance, we analyzed neuraminidase H275Y mutations in samples from 10 patients infected with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in South Korea who had influenza that was refractory to antiviral treatment with this drug. A neuraminidase I117M mutation that might influence oseltamivir susceptibility was detected in sequential specimens from 1 patient.</P>