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Kim, Sung Phil,Lee, Sang Jong,Nam, Seok Hyun,Friedman, Mendel Begell House Inc. 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS Vol.19 No.4
<P>This study investigated the suppressive mechanisms of an extract from bioprocessed Lentinus edodes mycelial liquid culture supplemented with turmeric (bioprocessed Curcuma longa extract [BPCLE]) against murine salmonellosis. The BPLCE extract from the bioprocessed mycelia of the Salmonella Typhimurium into murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, elimination of intracellular bacteria, and elevation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Dietary administration of BPCLE activated leukocytes from the mice infected with Salmonella through the intraperitoneal route. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the cytokines produced by splenocytes from infected mice showed significant increases in the levels of T(h)1 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12. Histology showed that dietary administration of BPCLE protected against necrosis of the liver resulting from a sublethal dose of Salmonella. In addition, the treatment (1) extended the lifespan of lethally infected mice, (2) suppressed the invasion of Salmonella into human Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, (3) increased excretion of the bacterium in the feces, (4) suppressed the translocation of the Salmonella to internal organs, and (5) increased total immunoglobulin A in both serum and intestinal fluids. BPCLE protected the mice against salmonellosis via cooperative effects that include the upregulation of the T(h)1 immune reaction, prevention of translocation of bacteria across the intestinal epithelial cells, and increased immunoglobulin A production in serum and intestinal fluids.</P>
Are Microfluidics-Based Blood Viscometers Ready for Point-of-Care Applications? A Review
Ong, Peng Kai,Lim, Dohyung,Kim, Sangho Begell House Inc. 2010 Critical reviews in biomedical engineering Vol.38 No.2
<P>In recent years, the engineering of blood viscometers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention of cardiovascular and other diseases has been the subject of significant research interest. Conventional blood viscometers such as rotational viscometers and capillary viscometers typically rely on mechanical techniques in quantifying whole-blood viscosity, a process in which resistance to blood flow is measured in response to an applied force. The direct applicability of conventional viscometers as point-of-care diagnostic and clinical tools is subject to several limitations mainly related to their macro-structural features that augment the sampling size and reduce portability. The development of new fabrication technologies to scale down experimental processes has opened up the reality of miniaturizing existing concepts of blood viscometers into microchips, and paves the road for future development of blood viscometers. These micro-blood viscometers are advantageous because they use very small sample volumes for quick, routine clinical purposes. The easy fabrication of microsystems and large-scale production not only result in a lower cost, but also render these devices portable and disposable, both of which are highly desirable for clinical applications. The underlying challenges of these devices are associated with red blood cell clogging, measurement stability, reliability, and reproducibility. The present review discusses the state-of-the-art and emerging trends in the field of microfluidics to provide elegant solutions for quantifying blood viscosity with vastly improved efficacy and with the potential for use at the patients bedside.</P>
Chandrasekaran, Gayathri,Oh, Deuk-Sil,Shin, Hyun-Jae Begell House Inc. 2011 International journal of medicinal mushrooms Vol.13 No.2
<P>Sparassis crispa is a culinary-medicinal mushroom that has recently become popular in Korea, China, Japan, Germany, and the USA. S. crispa is a good source of food and nutraceuticals, or dietary supplements, due to its rich flavor compounds and beta-glucan content. This review is a comprehensive summary of its distribution, growth, management, general constituents, functional ingredients, as well as its current and potential medicinal and other applications.</P>
Bae, In Young,Shin, Ji-Yoon,Lee, Hyeon Gyu Begell House, Inc. Publishers 2011 International journal of medicinal mushrooms Vol.13 No.2
<P>Polysaccharide beta-glucans were extracted from the medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus (Hymenochaetaceae, Aphyllophoromycetideae) and subjected to sulfation. Chemical modification of the beta-glucan was confirmed by structural analysis, and its biological properties were compared with those of native beta-glucan. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis indicated that successive preparation of the sulfated derivative yielded a degree of substitution of 0.47. Nitric oxide production measured by the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) experiments increased 1.5-fold after sulfation. In addition, the introduction of sulfate groups into the beta-glucan chains improved in vitro growth inhibitory activity against SNU-C2A cells. Therefore, sulfated beta-glucan extracted from Ph. linteus may be beneficial for immune support due to its incorporation of functional groups into its polymer structure.</P>