Toward Adaptive Approach to Water Resources Management via Social Learning and Participation in Korea

( Jin Suhk Suh ) 한국수자원공사(K-water) 2015 저널 물 정책·경제 Vol.25 No.-

한국의 수자원 관리는 기후변화로 인해 파생될 ‘불확실성(Uncertainty)’에 의한 다양한 물 문제에 직면하고 있다. 또한 1980년대 이후로 정치·사회·경제적 분야의 급속한 변화에 따른 ‘복잡성(Complexity)’으로 인해 고초를 겪어왔다. 이러한 불확실성과 복잡성에 대응하기 위해서, 한국의 수자원 관리 시스템은 경직된 중앙 집중적인 관리 시스템에서 보다 유연하게 적응할 수 있고 분산된 수자원 관리 방식으로의 전환에 보다 노력하여야 한다. 이는 수자원 관리 및 물정책에 있어서 지금까지의 하향식 체계에서 벗어나 보다 많은 참여와 학습을 통한 관리 방식으로의 패러다임 전환을 의미한다. 사회학습과 참여에 의한 적응형 관리 방식으로의 전환은 적극적인 참여와 더불어 과거의 경험에 따른 학습을 통해 관리방식을 보다 능동적으로 변화시킨다는 것으로 표현될 수 있다. 그러한 변화는 상이한 규모의 하천유역 관리를 위한 적응력(Adaptive Capacity)을 증가시키는 것을 목표로 한다. 본 연구는 적응형 수자원 관리가 한국과 같은 중앙 집중적인 수자원 관리 체계에서 기후변화로 인한 불확실성에 어떻게 대처할 수 있는지를 살펴본다. 더불어 본 연구에서는 다각적인 의사결정 과정과 구조적 변화가 과거로부터의 학습과 다양한 관점들을 포용함으로써 더 나은 하천유역 관리를 지속시킬 수있다고 주장한다. 마지막으로 수자원 관리에 있어서 적응형 접근방식은 한국의 수자원 관리에 접목될 수 있을 것이며 한국의 경험을 고려해 볼 때, 이러한 적응형 관리는 한국 수자원 관리 시스템에 내재하고 있는 외부적 불확실성과 내부적 불가변성을 해소할 뿐만 아니라 수자원 관리 분야에서의 새로운 개혁을 이끌 대안이 될 수 있다고 결론지을 수 있다. 더 나아가 적응형 수자원 관리 방식은 한국과 유사한 수자원 관리 문제를 가지고 있는 개발 도상국가를 상대로 정치적 형평성과 환경적 지속가능성을 실현시키는데 매우 바람직한 방식이라 할 수 있다.

수자원의 법적 성격에 관한 고찰

강일신 ( Il Shin Kang ) 한국수자원공사(K-water) 2012 저널 물 정책·경제 Vol.19 No.-

Because the water rights system and the management of water resources are basically performed by laws, the legal academia has to clarify the nature of water resources from legal perspectives. However, little interest has been given to it. Based on the critical mind on this academic neglect, this article analyzes water resources into the three legal characters as follows. First, water resources are natural resources that are the object of state management. And the use, the exploitation, and the development of water resources are performed under the state permission, according to Article 120 of the Constitution. Second, water resources as common resources are the public property originated from the Roman law, res communes. In this concept, the ownership of water resources can be vested in neither the individuals nor the state. They are the subject to all members of the state. Therefore, the state power as a trustee of water resources is limited only to manage them. Third, in the sense of public law, water resources are public good(Offentliche Sache). Therefore, water resources, regardless of surface water or ground water, are the properties dedicated to public purpose. And individuals can use them legitimately under the administrative permission.

사회적 가치 수준 진단을 위한 방법론 -K-water 사회적 가치 연구 소개-

문경호 한국수자원공사(K-water) 2018 저널 물 정책·경제 Vol.31 No.-

K-water는 문재인 정부의 ‘국민이 주인인 정부’ 및 ‘더불어 잘사는 경제’를 모토로 정부 100대 국정과제의 하나인, ‘공공기관의 사회적 가치 창출’ 분야 달성을 위한 선도적 역할과, 물관리 전문기관으로서 국내 물 문제 해결에 앞장서서 책임을 다하고자, 현재 “K-water의 사회적 가치측정 Tool” 연구를 진행 중에 있다. 동 연구에서는 우선 ‘사회적 가치’의 개념과, 해결해야할 ‘사회적 문제’에 대한 접근을 위해, CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility), CSV(Creating Shared Value) 그리고 최근 경제협력개발기구(OECD)에서 제안한 RBC(Responsible Business Conduct)를 돌아보았고, 더불어 UN의 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)와, K-water가 추구해야 할 사회적 기본권에 대한 현행 근거 규정인 “대한민국헌법”, “한국수자원 공사법”과, 현재 의원발의 되어있는 “공공기관의 사회적가치 실현에 관한 법률(안)1)” 에서 정한 부가적인 사항을 고려하여, K-water가 가치를 창출해야 할 8개 분야 64개 과제를 산출하였다. 산출된 64개 자료에 대하여 34인의 국제 물 전문가들의 의견을 수렴하였고, 대국민 및 조직 구성원에 대한 설문조사를 통해 ‘사회적 가치 실현 과제’에 대한 객관화 작업을 진행 중이다. 본 연구의 목표인 산출대상의 계량화 작업을 통해, 향후 ‘K-water의 사회적 가치’ 실현 수준에 대한 척도, 연도별 수준 진단 도구로 활용할 예정이며, 관리회계 차원의 경영 의사결정 참고자료로도 사용될 수 있도록 준비하고 있다.

통합물관리 정책 방향과 거버넌스의 역할

한국수자원공사 한국수자원공사(K-water) 2017 저널 물 정책·경제 Vol.28 No.-

물이용에 대한 비용부담 원칙의 정립

김종원 ( Chong Won Kim ) 한국수자원공사(K-water) 2012 저널 물 정책·경제 Vol.20 No.-

The cost sharing principles in water use are disclosed lots of problems in the dimension of equity and efficiency because expenses are levied by act of each law. The cost sharing principles should be revised based on water use, water quality control, especially resolution of conflicts between upstream and downstream at the water basin level. In conclusion, all of the source of finance, such as fees and charges, should be administrated integrative method and criteria.

수권(水權)의 법적성격과 현대적 경향

류권홍 ( Kwon Hong Ryu ) 한국수자원공사(K-water) 2012 저널 물 정책·경제 Vol.20 No.-

It has not been an easy task to find the legal nature of water rights in the countries including Korea. Because of the importance of the relation between human life and water and the possibility of variety of disputes over water, nobody will reject the necessity for setting up legal theory on water rights. The issues such as who has the ownership of water or how to allocate it should be dealt with legally. Without it, disputes between countries and stake holders in any country cannot be settled in justice. In this article, to find the legal character of rights relating to water and to find out the new legal issues which are appearing with climate change, pressure on water resources, new trend of human right to water and so on are the main goals. On top of that, there will be an attempt to seek possible legal solutions to the issues on water rights.

이탈리아와 포르투칼의 물시장 분석

이병철 ( Byoung Chul Lee ),김상문 ( Sang Moon Kim ) 한국수자원공사(K-water) 2012 저널 물 정책·경제 Vol.20 No.-

The purpose of this article is to analyse the commonness and differences in recent water sector reforms in Italy and in Portugal. Although the ongoing level of restructuring is different, they have the same goals: to make water sectors more efficient, to perform the profits of water utilities and to achieve the productivity earning to the customers through reduced prices or better environmental and service quality with regionalization and integration as well as to reform structures and system of the sectors. The reform in Italy is characterized by forming integrated water companies and regionalized water supply. Nevertheless, these rapid reform initiated by the government is still postponed, whereas in the Portugal this reform promoted with vertical and horizontal integration and separation of government and municipalities roles with finding a balance between the role and political importance of municipalities and the need for a national policy. Consequently, in Portugal, there have been a lot of improvement in water service sector. But, Portugal also has had some difficulties such as lack of investment, increasing operation cost, in addition to external factors like economic crisis. Many countries are trying to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of water service sector by changing systems and structure, but discreet considerations and decision makings are need to reduce the gap between the reform as initially intended and the way in which they were realized.

댐사용권과 댐의 저수에 관한 법적 고찰

정우상 ( Woo Sang Chung ) 한국수자원공사(K-water) 2012 저널 물 정책·경제 Vol.19 No.-

Current controversy on the charges of dam water is mainly due to the unique legal systems of the dam usage rights and the charges of the dam water. The term dam usage rights means the right to use a certain guantiry of water from a multipurpose dam for specific purposes by securing it in a certain area. Dam usage rights holders who contributed the construction costs of multipurpose dam shall collect the charges from the dam water users. There have been a dispute on downstream water discharged from multipurpose dam. Because it is not easy to distinguish the dam water from natural water flow in the steam. We can distinguish the natural water flow from the dam water by using water budget method and the standard droughty flow is a reference point. Consequently, it is reasonable that downstream water discharged from multipurpose dam incloudes the dam water. The dam usage rights holders have the right to make signing a contract with users of downsteam water. Thus it enables to perform the purpose of dam usage rights. On the other hand, The dam water does not include standard droughty flow. Thus the dam water refers to the water increased by the construction of multipurpse dam.

물산업에 있어 R&D의 노동생산성 개선 효과 분석

설영훈 ( Young Hoon Seol ) 한국수자원공사(K-water) 2012 저널 물 정책·경제 Vol.19 No.-

This study aims to provide policy implications by analyzing the labor productivity improvement effects of the R&D investment in the Water Industries. To this end, this study analyzes the effects on labor productivity of the R&D stock in the Water Industries by using DSUR estimation techniques about 229 companies panel data from 1991 to 2009 years. The results of analysis show that R&D stock increase in Water-Related Construction Industries and Waste-Water Treatment Industries improves labor productivity(value added per capita), while the labor productivity of Water-Supply Related Industries is not significant. This study also conducts an analysis based on estimated R&D elasticity, average annual growth rate of labor productivity, absolute industry size(total sales, value added, the number of employees). The results of analysis, Waste-Water Treatment Industries has high R&D elasticity and high labor productivity growth as well as relatively large-scale industry. Even though Water-Related Construction Industries has low labor productivity growth, it has high R&D elasticity and it is strictly large-scale industry. In summary, Waste-Water Treatment Industries with strengths in all areas works to maintain the current situation, and Water-Supply Related Industries focused on improving the efficiency of R&D, Water-Related Construction Industries focused on improving the labor productivity.

환경개선용수 공급 편익 산정방안 연구

이주석 ( Joo Suk Lee ),유승훈 ( Seung Hoon Yoo ),류문현 ( Moon Hyun Ryu ) 한국수자원공사(K-water) 2012 저널 물 정책·경제 Vol.20 No.-

Recently, recreation, river water quality improvements, ecosystem restoration and water front development have made the demand for water for environmental enhancement increase. However, so far, it is insufficient to discuss the concept of water for environmental enhancement and the its benefit estimation methodology. Therefore, this study will discuss the concept of water for environmental enhancement and examine the proper benefit estimation methodology.