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      • 日帝 侵略期 抗日 民族詩歌 硏究

        金東洙 원광대학교 한국학연구소 1987 한국학연구 Vol.2 No.-

        Because Korean modern poems have been influenced by a special situation known as Japanese colonial period, the efforts that we make to understand the literature of the colonial period with only western literature theory different from ours without having a correct cognition of that teriod can be consisdered as a wrong methodology for the literature of the colonial period. From this standpoint. I describe the period(1905~1945) as a Japanese invasion period in Korea's literature history, speculating the current of anti-Japanese nationalistic poetry written during this period with a viewpoint of self-determination and patriotism. I divide 40-year Japanese invasion period which lasted from 1905 to 1945 into three parts ; the first period(opening a port-1905) is the literature of superpowers' invasion and people's awareness. The second period (the year 1905-the year 1910) is that of ULSA pact(乙巳條約) and patriotism. The third period is that of Japanese invasion and struggle for liberation. I would arrange and evaluate exemplary anti-Japanese nationlistic poetry of each period chronologicaly from DOKLIPSINMUN(independence newspaper) after KABOH rebellion (甲午更張) to Yoon Dong Ju's poetry. This research deals with the poetry which has been intact in the past literary history books and the works of high anti-Japanese consciousness among those of nationalistic poets which have been widely handled. Accordingly I seperated chosen works into each chapter. That's why I expected to analyze effectively the whole subject of anti-Japanese nationalistic poetry in the period of Japanese intrusion through each work having its own characteristic instead of sticking to connection of each chapter. The previous discussions on the contents of the poetry shown in the Independence Newspaper could be summarized as those of congratulating and applauding patriotism and independence. While analyzing the whole poetry in the Independence Newspaper, I could find that the major contents were self-dete-rmination-independence, affluent nation-strong military might, freedom-civil rights. It put emphasis on patrotism and unity to accomplish these ideological objects. The criticism objects of the poetry of DAEHANMAEILSINBO(the Korea Daily News) included imperial Japan, ruling forces in those days and inept, corrupt anti-Korean goverment officials clinging to old custom. And the newspaper also chided pro-Japanese associations such as DAEHANSINMUN (大韓新聞) and ILJINHOI (一進會), new forces sympathetic with Japan's invading forces and volatile people. At the same time it intended to disabuse the public and denounce anti-Korean people. The prevailing trends of the poetry of the DAEHANMAEILSINBO were sarcasm and allegory. Those trends chosen as a part of literary methodologies were intended not only to avoid censorship, but to challenge the reality without compromising with it. DanJae (丹齋) considered poems as the essense of national language and representation of people's sentiment. That's why it has been said that we are able to know people's consciousness from the poems of a country and that we should, among other things, change poems in order to change people's consciousness. That's why poems have strenghth to move people and this moving power enables people to do something DanJae's poems are understood in history consciousness of the struggle between "self and unself". The concept that "self" always accompanies "unself" has developed into the logic of struggle between self and unself, which presents a justipication for the struggle aganist imperial Japan, "unself". He embodied the conviction in his poems that self, national entity, could be recovered when Korean people coped with "unself" in the course of this struggle. In contrast to the domestic colonial literature controlled by the colonial rulers in those days, the poetry shown in the SANGHAE(上海) edition of the "DOKLIPSHINMUN" recognized the reality of occupied homeland as slavish life. It flatlly revealed the tragical situation of the brethren suffering from difficulties under the colonial rule. It also showed the tragic situation in the HUNCHUN district on KANDO innocent death in the KWANDONG earthquake and unhappy life caused by relentless behaviour of imperiod Japan. The poets in thosedays had the confidence that homeland would be finally emancipated from Japan, while they showed their indignaton over imperial Japan's invasion. Furthermore they showed a strong willingness to gain independence whatever sacrifice would be needed. I would say that the poetry literature of "DOKLIPSHINMUN" issued by a provisional goverment, the highest commanad of the struggle aganist imperial Japan, should be upgraded as a mainstream in the nationalistic literary history of this period mainly because it exprerred sorrow of the Korean people most frankly without dealing with colonial literature under Japanese control. ManHae's(萬海) Korean poems and verses that this thesis deals with were written during three year prison life after March 1 independence movement. In these poems and verses sorrow as a freedom fighter strongly was expressed. These were the kinds of characteristics in ManHae's poems-realistic behaviorism and contemplative trend. Lee SangHwa's(李相和) poem world is divided in to three periods; the first period has a trend of nihility and moval decadence. The second period is that he joined KAPF and turned into a nationalist after seeing a tragic situation caused by "KWANDONG earthdpuake" during his study in Japan. The third period is on that increasing Japanese crack-down made him feel sorrowf about occupied homeland and seek liberation. The poet's nature is unified nature that I share sorrow about lost homeland, not a hiding place staying way from the reality. ShimHun's (沈熏) chapter deals with how he, an intellectual and a man of literature in the colonial period, recognized the colonial situation and how he colonial situation. Everything was dispossessed by the Japanese occupation, but only consciousness that remained in the devastating period dominated him. In an effort to restore lost things, he thought he himself should sacrifice. The consciousness of "scapegoat" is consistenly seen in his whole poems. As a resalt, hopes for the futur is sublimated to even greater pleasure from the painful present. Shim Hun's these poems were consistently written with symbolic language and manly narration. Lee Yook Sa (李陸史) was not a common poet, judging from the fact that he ferociously resieted Japanese colonial rule, finally dieing for his country at the age of 40 in the peking prison after having been imprisoned 17 times. His early poems began with cognition of the tragic reality as people of lost nation. In the time of announcing "Chung Podo", he showed future-oriented willingness to desire liberation with clear and sentimental rhythm. It seems to ensure legitimacy as nationalistic literature. Finally Yoon DongJu's (尹東柱) poems are summarized as two types ; the first is shame of his life in which he didn't live with pure mind like a child and a christian's vocation consciousness through self-retrospection. The second is anti-Japanese consciousness as an intellectual living in the colonial period. And I would say that he is a sentimental anti-Japanese poet seeking a new world. The above-mentioned works are exemplary ones representing anti-Japanese antionalistic literature of this period, though they don't mean whole nationalistic poetry. By the way, although this research deals with only part of anti-Japanese nationalistic poetry, I am convineced that when this kind of systematic arrangement continues, it will be little by little revealed that Korean people fought for the emancipation of homeland in the face of numerous sacrifices during the Japanese colonial rule. Through this effort, our literature will be shaped correctly and our ligitimate literary history established. I hope research will serve as a stepping stone in this history effort.

      • 獨逸文學의 韓國的 受容過程에 關한 史的考察

        金昌烈 원광대학교 한국학연구소 1985 한국학연구 Vol.1 No.-

        This thesis is designed to briefly study historically the Korean and German literary relationship - the reception and influence of the German literature on the Korean literature. The traces of the contact of the both countries are from the beginning briefly obserbed and some important German writers and literary movements are briefly introduced and tried to find out how the German literature was received and influenced on the Korean literature. By the first meeting of Korean prince Sohyun in 1644, who stayed in Peking as a hostage, with the Jesuitfather Adam Schall von Bell (1561-1666) from Ko‥1n, the interest in the Germany was awakened in Korea. Then brought the prince 1645 on his way home, as the present of the Father, books written in Chinese about astronomy and descriptions of Catholic doctrin. In 1882 for the first time a commercial treaty with America was made and two years later in 1884 the treaty with Germany was concluded. In 1907 for the first time the German romanticism, German realism and German naturalism were introduced and appeared and sppeared the names of Goethe and Schiller in a Korean history textbook. In the beginning of 1910's some important German writers were briefly introduced and some German literary works were fragmentary translated into Korean. They appeared in some newspapers and some magazines. Then with the beginning of 1920's the detailed explanation of concept, objects of descriptions as well as main contents of German literary works were presented to Korean readers. German expressionism was introduced, too. Some foreign literature association members, who were Korean students studying in Tokyo and formed the association in 1926, played great roles on introducing German writers, literary works and literary movements, During the years 1930 then the German writers and literary works were more widely introduced and translated into Korean. But it was not until 1960's after the Korean liberation in 1945, that the German literature was regularly studied and introduced.

      • 韓國 文學敎育 硏究 : 初·中·高校 國語科 敎育을 中心으로 Focused on the Korean language education in primary, middle and high schools

        韓周燮 원광대학교 한국학연구소 1987 한국학연구 Vol.2 No.-

        Ⅰ. Introduction This research aims at serveying the realities of literature education and its changing process through historical perspective of Korea's literature education to present the basis and direction of the study of literature eduction, emphasizing the necessity of literature and education, the writer examined and studied the similarity of literary and educational functions, elements of literature education and study sphere of literature education and the Korean language education. An attempt was made to establish a theory of literature education with a problem consciousness and proposition designed to link literature and education, literature education and the Korean language education theoretically. This research deals with literary education being practiced in the Korean language education in primary, middle and high schools, emphasizing new directions in the course of theories and practical guidance methods for the normalization of literature study guidance. Ⅱ. Main body 1. Historical survey of literature education in Korea 1) During the Chinese character period before Kab-oh-kyung-chang, literature education was focused on fostering a talented man. This period was characterized by prevailing Confucian views that literature should be consistent with moral. 2) During the beginning period of literature education at the end of the Chosun dynasty, literary education was focused on cultivating character under the prevailing citerary view of cultivating wisdom and virtue 3) during the beginning period of literature education under the Japanese colonial rule, literature education laid emphasis on the formation of a nation under the literary view of cultivating emotional feelings. 4) During the developing period of literature education from the liberation to the present, the emphasis of literature education was laid on the formation of a nation and a human under the literary view of cultivating aesthetic feelings. 2. Establishment of a theory of Korea's literature education The essence of literature education was clarified and its relevant aims were fixed by analyzing the essence of literature and its relations with education and the concept, necessity and content of literature education. 3. Practical guidance of literature education in Korea 1) The guidance contents of literature education in the current fourth Korean language curriculum were examined and classified by primary, middle and high school. 2) The literary parts in the present Korean language textbooks were examined and a practical guidance method was presented as a model. 3) An attempt was made to present an effective teaching model and serveral way for guiding translation and appreciating being practiced in the Korean language study guidance. This is to establish a theory concerning study methodology by linking the formation of a human in literature education to the Korean language study guidance and method. Ⅲ.Conclusion This research aims at surveying conditions of the past literature education and establishing a theory designed to conduct future-oriented literature education in the Korean language education as well as fixing consistent practical guide lines based on it. In an effort to conduct literature education in the Korean language curriculum of primary, middle and high schools, creation of desirable environments and conditions should be given priority as soon as possible.

      • 女子大學生의 身體意識에 關한 硏究

        林炳奎 원광대학교 한국학연구소 1985 한국학연구 Vol.1 No.-

        The purpose of this study is to obtain the fundamental data for the direction of physical Education through investigating the bodily image of college female students. following is the consequence learned from 327 female students in won kwang university. 1. Desirous mean value of body 1) Each mean value of body height, body weight, bust, waist, hip is 159.1㎝, 151.0㎏, 83.7㎝, 64.2㎝, 860.0㎝ 2) Each of desirous mean value of body weight, bust, waist, hip as compared with present body height is 48.1㎏, 83.7㎝, 61.6㎝, 84.5㎝ 2. Regression line of body weight to body height 1) Regression coefficient of present and desirous body weight is all 0.65 in the whole. 2) Regression line of desirous body weight is about 2.6㎏ lower than it of present body weight. 3. Image on the degree of fatness and leanness. 1) Desirous regression line almost agrees with present regression line in step 2. ( step 2 : it is the lean side ) 2) Desirous regression line is upper than present one in step 1. ( step 1 : it is lean ) 4. Response to the most confident parts of own body and desirous form of it. 1) Those who want to make own leg fine and long are over 1/3 of the whole. 2) Those who want to make own waist fine are 1.24% of the whole. 3) Those who want make own face beautiful are 10.2% 5. Self-knowledge on own style 1) Self-knowledge on own style is low with 50.4% of the whole, that is, it is the diffident side, or it is diffident. 2) High and low self-knowledge are influenced by large and small degree of own bust and waist.

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