Three-Dimensional Analysis of Chloroplast Structures Associated with Virus Infection

Jin, Xuejiao,Jiang, Zhihao,Zhang, Kun,Wang, Pengfei,Cao, Xiuling,Yue, Ning,Wang, Xueting,Zhang, Xuan,Li, Yunqin,Li, Dawei,Kang, Byung-Ho,Zhang, Yongliang American Society of Plant Biologists 2018 Plant Physiology Vol.176 No.1

<P>Three-dimensional visualization identifies structural remodeling in chloroplasts during barley stripe mosaic virus infection.</P><P>Chloroplasts are multifunctional organelles whose morphology is affected by environmental stresses. Although the three-dimensional (3D) architecture of thylakoid membranes has been reported previously, a 3D visualization of chloroplast under stress has not been explored. In this work, we used a positive-strand RNA ((+)RNA) virus, barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) to observe chloroplast structural changes during infection by electron tomography. The analyses revealed remodeling of the chloroplast membranes, characterized by the clustering of outer membrane-invaginated spherules in inner membrane-derived packets. Diverse morphologies of cytoplasmic invaginations (CIs) were evident with spherules at the periphery and different sized openings connecting the CIs to the cytoplasm. Immunoelectron microscopy of these viral components verified that the aberrant membrane structures were sites for BSMV replication. The BSMV αa replication protein localized at the surface of the chloroplasts and played a prominent role in eliciting chloroplast membrane rearrangements. In sum, our results have revealed the 3D structure of the chloroplasts induced by BSMV infection. These findings contribute to our understanding of chloroplast morphological changes under stress conditions and during assembly of plant (+)RNA virus replication complexes.</P>

Fabrication and characterization of polypyrrole coatings by embedding antimony modified SnO2 nanoparticles

Zhihao Chen,Yijie Jin,Wenzhong Yang,Bin Xu,Yun Chen,Xiaoshuang Yin,Ying Liu 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.75 No.-

Polypyrrole (PPy) coatings were successfully electrosynthesized on the carbon steel by embedding SnO2and Sb-SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The associated structural, morphology, hydrophobic, physicalproperties, anti-corrosion and self-healing performance of these coatings were systematically studiedby several tests. XRD results showed that SnO2 had a tetragonal rutile structure and the lattice parametersindicated that Sb ions were successful substituted into SnO2 lattice. The average size of SnO2 NPs wasdecreased by the incorporation of Sb-SnO2 NPs, which were found through TEM images. The contactangle test showed that the hydrophobic of PPy coatings was greatly enhanced by the incorporation of Sb-SnO2 NPs. SEM results revealed that Sb-SnO2/PPy coating exhibited a more compact and uniform surfacethan SnO2/PPy coating, hence the physical barrier effect was significantly strengthened. Theelectrochemical measurements confirmed the excellent anti-corrosion and self-healing ability of Sb-SnO2/PPy coating for a long immersion time in HCl solution. The superior anti-corrosion performance ofSb-SnO2/PPy coating was ascribed to the synergistic effects of the anodic protection combined with theself-healing effect, the excellent physical barrier effect with compact, smooth and hydrophobic coatingsurface as well as the formation of p-n junction with decreased charge transfer.

Effect of Basalt Fiber on the Strength Properties of Polymer Reinforced Sand

Jin Liu,Yuxia Bai,Zezhuo Song,Ying Wang,Zhihao Chen,Qiongya Wang,Debi Prasanna Kanungo,Wei Qian 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.11

This paper displays an experimental study of the effect of basalt fiber on the strength properties of polymer reinforced sand. Laboratory trials of unconfined compression test (UCS), direct shear test, and tensile test were conducted on the specimens treated with polymer and basalt fiber, and several factors including polymer content, fiber content and dry density of sand that will influence the strength behaviors are investigated in detail. Based on test results and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, the reinforcement mechanism was analyzed. The results showed that the polymer content, basalt fiber content and dry density of sand had greatly improved the strength behaviors of reinforced specimens. The increase in polymer and fiber content had an active effect on strength characteristics, while the angle of internal decreased slightly. The strength properties were enhanced with the increase in dry density, and the effect of dry density on tensile strength is affected by fiber content. The presence of randomly distributed fibers has formed a spatial fiber-sand net in sand, and the additive of polymer solution formed membrane to enwrap sand particles and connect sand and fibers, thereby formed a stable structure in sand. These structures have increased the bonding and interlocking forces between sand and fibers, and decreased the void ratio of reinforced specimens.

Influence of Polyurethane Polymer on the Strength and Mechanical Behavior of Sand-root Composite

Jin Liu,Zhihao Chen,Zhaojun Zeng,Debi Prasanna Kanungo,Fan Bu,Yuxia Bai,Changqing Qi,Wei Qian 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.4

Vegetation has good application in slope stabilization, but its beneficial effects on reinforcing topsoil are generallylimited by the soil properties it was cultivated in. This study aims at evaluating the strength improvements of sand-rootcomposite by treating with polyurethane polymer and hence investigating the mechanism of polymer-root-soil interactions. Vegetation roots were selected and mixed with dry sand and polymer solution to prepare remolded specimens. A series ofexperimental tests were then performed at different percentages of root content (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 % by weight of drysand) and polymer content (1, 2, and 4 % by weight of dry sand) to evaluate the shear parameters and unconfinedcompressive strength (UCS). The combined mechanism was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Theresults showed that the strengthening effect has greater efficiency with higher polymer content. Through varying contents ofvegetation root, it was found that low root content induced an undesirable weakening effect on the strength of the treated soil. However, this situation was somewhat improved with the increase in root content. The good flexibility of polymers not onlypromote the capacity of soil to energy absorption, but also impart good ductility to soil. The presence of polymers greatlystrengthens soil stability due to its special network structure, by which the improved shear resistance at the root-soil interfaceprovides sufficient anchorage effect for the tensile strength of roots to be fully mobilized. Overall, the synergistic effect ofroot reinforcement and polymer treatment has the potential for its use in soil stabilization.

Sb-Fe bimetallic non-aqueous phase desulfurizer for efficient absorption of hydrogen sulfide: A combined experimental and DFT study

Zhihao Liu,Kui Qiu,Yu Dong,Zhaobo Jin,Luwei Liu,Jirong Wu 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.12

A non-aqueous phase (Sb/Fe/NMP) desulfurization system for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from naturalgas was constructed by introducing SbCl3 and FeCl3 in a specific ratio into N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). The desulfurizingagent and its sulfur product were characterized, and the absorption pattern of H2S by the system wasinvestigated by static desulfurization experiments. The results indicate that the desulfurizer’s sulfur capacity can reach16 g/L at room temperature and pressure, and that adding the optimum amount of water and appropriate temperatureincrease can assist to increase desulfurization efficiency. The system maintained a sulfur capacity level of more than90% of the initial sulfur capacity after five consecutive desulfurization-regeneration cycles. XRD and XPS spectrogramrevealed that the regenerated solid product was high purity sulfur. Sb3+ is a key component to ensure the effectiveabsorption of H2S. The presence of a moderate amount of Fe3+ can oxidize and absorb small amounts of H2S and promotethe oxidative regeneration of the system. In addition, we combined the obtained experimental data with densityflooding theory (DFT) theoretical calculations to show that the effective coordination of Sb(III) with HS in the NMPenvironment is the main reason for the effective absorption of H2S by the desulfurizer. NMP is not involved in thecoordination absorption process of hydrogen sulfide.

The profiles of antioxidant enzyme expression in soleus muscle after atrophic stress

Zhihao Chen,Jin-Kyung Lee,Tae-Hoon Lee 한국실험동물학회 2019 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.7

Multiphysics Modeling of Thermal Behavior of Commercial Pure Titanium Powder During Selective Laser Melting

Wenlin Ye,Jin Bao,Jie Lei,Yicheng Huang,Zhihao Li,Peisheng Li,Ying Zhang 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.1

A mesoscopic simulation based on random packing powder bed model was established to study the heat behavior of CP-Tiduring selective laser melting. The characteristics of the molten pool under the interaction of laser and powder, and theinfuence of laser power on the thermal behavior, hydrodynamics and surface morphology evolution of the molten pool werestudied. The results show that with the increase of laser power, the maximum temperature, temperature change rate, lifetimeof molten pool and size are greatly improved. In addition, the characteristics and heat behavior of the molten pool under thedouble track are mainly studied in this study. It is found that the maximum temperature, lifetime, and the length and width ofthe molten pool of the second track are higher than those in the frst, and with the increase of laser power, the length widthratio of the second track in molten pool becomes larger

An investigation of the mechanical property and thermal shock behavior of machinable B₄C/BN ceramic composites

Tao Jiang,Haiyun Jin,Zhihao Jin,Jianfeng Yang,Guanjun Qiao 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2009 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.10 No.1

Machinable B₄C/BN ceramic composites were fabricated by a hot-pressing process at 1,850 ℃ for 1 h under a pressure of 30MPa. In this article, the mechanical property, thermal shock behavior and machinability of the B₄C/BN ceramic composites were investigated. The fracture strength and fracture toughness of B₄C/BN nanocomposites were significantly improved in comparison with B₄C/BN microcomposites. The Vickers hardness of B₄C/BN nanocomposites and B₄C/BN microcomposites decreased gradually with an increase in the content of h-BN, while the machinability of B₄C/BN nanocomposites and B₄C/BN microcomposites were significantly improved. The B₄C/BN ceramic composites with an h-BN content of more than 20 wt% exhibited excellent machinability. The thermal shock resistance of the B₄C/BN ceramic composites was much better than that of the B₄C monolith, and the thermal shock resistance of B₄C/BN nanocomposites was much better than that of B₄C/BN microcomposites. The thermal shock temperature difference (ΔTc) of the B₄C monolith was about 300℃, while the ΔTc of B₄C/BN microcomposites was about 500℃ and the ΔTc of B₄C/BN nanocomposites was about 600℃. Machinable B₄C/BN ceramic composites were fabricated by a hot-pressing process at 1,850 ℃ for 1 h under a pressure of 30MPa. In this article, the mechanical property, thermal shock behavior and machinability of the B₄C/BN ceramic composites were investigated. The fracture strength and fracture toughness of B₄C/BN nanocomposites were significantly improved in comparison with B₄C/BN microcomposites. The Vickers hardness of B₄C/BN nanocomposites and B₄C/BN microcomposites decreased gradually with an increase in the content of h-BN, while the machinability of B₄C/BN nanocomposites and B₄C/BN microcomposites were significantly improved. The B₄C/BN ceramic composites with an h-BN content of more than 20 wt% exhibited excellent machinability. The thermal shock resistance of the B₄C/BN ceramic composites was much better than that of the B₄C monolith, and the thermal shock resistance of B₄C/BN nanocomposites was much better than that of B₄C/BN microcomposites. The thermal shock temperature difference (ΔTc) of the B₄C monolith was about 300℃, while the ΔTc of B₄C/BN microcomposites was about 500℃ and the ΔTc of B₄C/BN nanocomposites was about 600℃.

BCPA { <i>N</i> , <i>N</i> ′-1,4-Butanediylbis[3-(2-chlorophenyl)acrylamide]} Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation through Increased Retention of Peptidyl-Prolyl <i>cis-trans</i> Isomerase Never in Mitosis A-Interacting 1

Cho, Eugene,Lee, Jin-Kyung,Lee, Jee-Young,Chen, Zhihao,Ahn, Sun-Hee,Kim, Nam Doo,Kook, Min-Suk,Min, Sang Hyun,Park, Byung-Ju,Lee, Tae-Hoon MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.11

<P>Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance of osteoclast and osteoblast activities and it is characterized by enhanced osteoclast formation and function. Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase never in mitosis A (NIMA)-interacting 1 (Pin1) is a key mediator of osteoclast cell-cell fusion via suppression of the dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP). We found that <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-1,4-butanediylbis[3-(2-chlorophenyl)acrylamide] (BCPA) inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. In addition, BCPA attenuated the reduction of Pin1 protein during osteoclast differentiation without changing <I>Pin1</I> mRNA levels. BCPA repressed the expression of osteoclast-related genes, such as <I>DC-STAMP</I> and osteoclast-associated receptor (<I>OSCAR</I>), without altering the mRNA expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells (<I>NFATc1</I>) and cellular oncogene fos (<I>c-Fos</I>). Furthermore, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive mononuclear cells were significantly decreased by BCPA treatment compared to treatment with the Pin1 inhibitor juglone. These data suggest that BCPA can inhibit osteoclastogenesis by regulating the expression of the DC-STAMP osteoclast fusion protein by attenuating Pin1 reduction. Therefore, BCPA may be used to treat osteoporosis.</P>

Study on boiling heat transfer of surface modification based on Lattice Boltzmann and experiments

Hongren Zhan,Shuai Li,Zhihao Jin,Gang Zhang,Lipeng Wang,Quan Li,Zhigang Zhang 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.2

In this paper, according to the microscopic nature and mesoscopic characteristics of lattice Boltzmann method, the boiling heat transfer of surfaces with different wettability is numerically simulated by using the pseudo-potential lattice Boltzmann method gas-liquid model. Firstly, under the local heat transfer condition, the nucleation mechanism of single bubble and the heat transfer effect of wall with different wettability are analyzed in detail through the characteristics of bubble automatic nucleation and interface automatic evolution. It not only overcomes the disadvantage that seed bubbles need to be placed in advance in the macroscopic flow model to simulate nuclear boiling, which makes it difficult to study the nucleation mechanism of bubbles, but also overcomes the disadvantage that Lennard-Jones potential in molecular dynamics cannot accurately describe the interaction between fluid molecules and solid molecules on the wall. Then, the boiling curves of non-mixed wettability surfaces are plotted by extending the scope of the study to multiple bubbles. On this basis, the bubble nucleation and heat transfer characteristics of the mixed wettability surface were studied.