광주의 한 이차병원에서 조사한 결핵약제 내성과 관련인자

조준호,김강,최상철,이경록,정종필,고영춘 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2008 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.3

연구목적: 우리나라의 결핵약제에 대한 내성은 지속적으로 감소되고 있음에도 불구하고 여전히 적지 않은 환자를 보유하고 있는 상황에서 치료 실패의 중요한 요인이 되고 있다. 이에 결핵 내성률에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인자들을 파악하고 이에 대한 예방 대책을 수립하는 것이 내성률 발생의 예방에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. 이에 저자들은 광주 소재의 한 2차 병원에서 결핵 약제 내성률 및 위험인자로 판단되는 요소들과의 상호관계를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 3월 부터 2006년 2월 까지 광주 기독 병원 내과에서 치료받은 결핵 환자중 객담 결핵균 배양 검사상 양성으로 판명되어 약제 감수성 검사를 확인할 수 있었던 346명을 대상으로 의무기록, 면담 등을 통한 후향적 조사를 시행 하였다 결과: 346명중 한가지 이상의 약제에 내성을 보인 경우는 150명(43.4%)였고, 다제 내성 결핵은 72명(20.8%)였다. 조사 요인의 유무별로 약제 내성률을 조사하였을 때 흉부 사진의 침범 정도에 따른 약제 내성률 및 다제 내성률은 경증에서 36.3%와 6.2%, 중등도에서 36.1%와 22.6%, 중증에서 61.0%와 35.0%였다. 병변의 공동성 병변 유무에 따른 약제 내성률은 공동이 있는 군에서는 49.8%, 공동이 없는 군에서는 34.0%였다. 과거의 치료력 여부에 따른 약 제 내성률은 치료력이 없는 군에서는 19.7%였고, 치료력이 있는 군에서는 81.2%였다. 항 결핵제 복용의 규칙성 여부에 따른 약제 내성률은 규칙적 복용군은 31.7%, 불규칙적 복용군은 59.7%로 나타났다. 결론: 광주 소재의 한 2차 병원에서 조사한 약제 내성률 및 다제 내성률은 전국 평균치를 훨씬 상회하였다. 한편 과거 치료병력 및 약제의 불규칙 복용은 약제 내성률을 높이는 데에 기여하는 인자가 될 것으로 사료된다. 흉부방사선 사진 상의 폐 침범 정도, 공동성 병변의 존재도 약제 내성률 증가와 관련이 있는 것으로 보이나 보다 정확한 선후관계 분석을 위해서는 추가적인 전향적 연구가 필요하다. Background and objectives: Drug resistance is a major obstacle to the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis and its associated factors at a secondary hospital in Gwangju. Materials and Methods: A retrospective one-center analysis was conducted, with 346 pulmonarytuberculosis patients who underwent drug susceptibility tests for M. tuberculosis at Gwangju Christian Hospital from March 2005 to February 2006. Results: The following percentages of subjects were found to be resistant to at least one drug and to have multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), respectively: 43.4% and 20.8% of all the subjects; according to the severity of the chest X-ray findings, 36.3% and 6.2% in the mild group, 36.1% and 22.6% in the moderate group, and 61.0% and 35.0% in the far- advanced group; according to the presence of a cavitary lesion, 49.8% in the cavitary-lesion group and 34.0% in the noncavitary-lesion group and according to the history of previous tuberculosis treatment, 81.2% in the group who have had treatment and 19.7% in the group who have never had treatment. The resistance rate according to the regularity of antituberculosis drug medication was 31.7% in the regular medication group and 59.7% in the irregular medication group. Conclusion: The drug resistance rate was increased by the history of previous tuberculosis treatment and the irregular medication. As to whether the severity of chest X-ray findings and the presence of cavitary lesions have a correlation with drug resistance, prospective studies are needed for more accurate results.

SoC 플랫폼에서 다층구조 공유버서의 레이턴시 모델과 해석

조영신,조경록 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2005 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.13 No.1

SoC 설계 기술의 발달로 하나의 칩내에 집적되는 시스템이 다양한 기능을 수행함에 따라 높은 버스 대역폭이 요구되고 있으며, 시스템 버스의 성능이 전체 시스템의 성능에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 본 논문은 다중 마스터를 갖는 SoC용 플랫폼의 효율적인 버스 자원 관리를 위해 다층 구조를 갖는 공유 버스의 레이턴시 모델을 제안하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안된 버스 시스템 환경에서, 시스템이 단일 전송률 20%와 버스 사용률 50%를 가질 때, 2-layer와 3-layer가 1-layer와 비교하여 각각 약 45%와 약 63%의 레이턴시가 감소하였다. 또한 레이턴시 모델을 통해 버스의 사용량과 전송 방식의 관계를 분석하였다. 끝으로 레이턴시 모델에 버스의 동작 주파수와 데이터의 전송 크기를 대입하여 레이어의 수에 따른 버스 처리량을 구하였다. 구해진 버스 처리량과 MPEG, USB2.0과 같은 IP를 포함하는 SoC플랫폼이 필요로 하는 처리량과의 비교를 통해 IP 수에 적합한 버스 레이어를 정량화하여 특정 SoC플랫폼에 최적인 멀티레이어 구조를 도출하였다. Nowadays a SoC(system-on-a-chip) requires high bandwidth system bus for performing multiple functions. Performance of the system is affected by bandwidth of the system bus. In this paper, for efficient management of the bus resource on a SoC platform, we present a latency model of the shared bus organized by multiple layers. As the results of simulation, the latency of 2-layer and 3-layer bus architecture are reduced 45% and 63% respectively to compare with a single-layer's under the assumed conditions of the proposed model. We could analysis the relationship between a bus usage and a transfer protocol using the proposed model. Finally we evaluate a throughput of the bus and compared with a needed throughput by SoC platform including IPs such as MPEG or USB 2.0. We can use the results as a criteria to find out an optimal bus organization for the specific SoC design.

일본에 있어서 재단법인 내셔널트러스트에 대한 사례연구

조태동,홍영록 강릉대학교동해안지역연구소 1999 東海岸硏究 Vol.10 No.1

Started from England in 1895, National Trust in Japan was inaugurated in 1968 as a foundation. This study offers some conditions or National-Trust-oriented Korean environmental organizations to be established in the future, as follows: 1. The programs to improve people's understanding in the National Trust, which make people participate in the organization voluntarily, should be developed. 2. The necessity of an environmental organization like National Trust should be understood correctly by sufficient publicity activities to increase the interest on the environment conservation with National Trust. 3. It is required to have experts at each departments, namely, for historical environment as well as ecological and landscape environment. 4. A fund should be raised for the financial aspect. 5. The lawful system should be set up and aligned. so that data could be worked together with the governmental facilities and other relevant organizations.

장애인 통합체육에 관한 생활체육지도자의 태도 연구

장명재,조영록,장완성,이애리 경희대학교 체육대학 한국체육과학연구소 2002 體育學論文集 Vol.30 No.-

Necessity of integration education is emphasized by link of disabled persons' right elevation. In the present study, physical director's attitude about integration education was investigated via questionnaire. Seoul and Kyung-gi do area's 424 physical directors participated in this study. Got following conclusion as result that analyze in physical director's individuation and effect of attitude, value, preparation, synthetic aspect. Physical director's attitude about integration education is affirmative comparatively. Distinction of sex, special physical education class taking a course, service experience, disabled student education experience, education satisfaction did not influence in physical director's behavior. This is displaying that much difficulties are in realistic aspect supporting integration education enforcement basically. Teachers who much disabled student education experiences and/or more than graduate school feel bigger burden. These results may become help to find direction to increase professionalism about disabled person integration education forward.

인발 성형 공정을 이용한 carbon-glass hybrid composite 제작

박상윤,최원종,강길호,문초록,김세영 한국항공대학교 항공우주산업기술연구소 2002 航空宇宙産業技術硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

단면이 일정한 구조용 복합재료 제조공정에 널리 사용되고 있는 pultrusion 공정을 이용하여 glass-carbon fiber hybrid composite을 제조하였다. 열분석을 통하여 모재의 경화온도와 경화시간을 분석한 후 금형의 온도와 pulling speed를 결정하였다. 다양한 섬유 비율의 hybrid composite를 제작하였으며 flexural modulus를 측정한 결과 rule of mixture를 이용한 예상치 보다 높은 값을 보였다. Glass-carbon hybrid composite was manufactured by pultrusion process. The major processing conditions such as temperature of heating die and pulling speed have been fixed from thermal analysis results. Hybrid composites with various carbon fiber content were manufactured and flexural modules of each hybrid composite as measured. Compare with rule of mixture, positive hybrid effect was observed.

Prazosin의 항고혈압 효과에 대한 임상적 관찰

서세웅,이균태,김연호,조성락,신영우,신영기 최신의학사 1984 最新醫學 Vol.27 No.8

기관지천식이 없는 일반인에서 메타콜린에 대한 기관지반응의 양상

김윤근,손지웅,이상록,김우경,조상헌,이명현,고영률,민경업,김유영 ( Yoon Keun Kim,Jee Wong Son,Sang Rok Lee,Woo Kyung Kim,Sang Heon Cho,Myung Hyeon Lee,Young Yull Koh,Kyung Up Min,You Young Kim ) 대한천식알레르기학회 1998 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.18 No.3

Backgrognd: Bronchial hbyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a key feature of asthma, and may precede the development of asthma. Genetically determined and acquired factors may contribute to development of BHR. Objective .' To evaluate expression of bronchial responsiveness to methacholine according to age, sex, smoking habit, and atopy in general population without bronchial asthma, a cross sectional study was performed. Method: A total of 1,190 general population who composed of 408 subjects with age less than 19 years (young age group), 621 subjects with age from 20 to 40 years (middle age group), and 161 subjects with age more than 41 years (old age group) were enrolled. Evaluations were made by a questionnaire, serum IgE level and skin prick test to common inhalant allergens, and methacholine bronchial provocation test (MBPT). Bronchial responsiveness were evaluated by positive rate of MBPT (PC,p-methacholine 4 25mg/ml), and slope of dose- response curve (slope, %fall of FEV, / log[last concentration of methacholine, mg/ml]). Result: Positive rate of MBPT was 11.0%, and slope (mean+SE) was 10.6+0.2 %/mg/ml. Postive rate of MBPT was more prevalent in the young age group than in middle and old age groups (19.6% vs. 6.6% vs. 6.2%, p<0.05), and slope was higher in young age group than in other groups (14.4+0.4 vs. 8.6+0.3 vs. 8.9+0.5 %/mg/ml, p<0.05). No significant differences in positive rate of MBPT and slope were noted according to sex in young and old age groups. However, in the middle age group, slope was higher in females than in males (9.5+0.4 vs. 7.9+ 0.3 %/mg/ml, p<0.05). No significant differences of slope was observed according to smoking habit in males of middle age group, but in males of old age group, the slope was higher in subjects with smoking habit than those without it (9.6+0.8 vs. 6.5+0.9 %/mg/ml, p<0.05). Sig- nificant relationship was observed between geometric value of serum IgE level and slope(r=0. 152, p=0.009). The postive rate of MBPT and slope were significantly higher in subjects with positive skin rea,ctivity to common inhalant allergens than those without it (14.3% vs. 8.6%, p ( 0.05; 11.8+0.4 vs. 9.8+0.3 %/mg/ml, p<0.05). The difference of bronchial responsiveness according to skin reactivity was observed in young and middle age groups, but not in old age group. Conclusion : Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine is significantly higher in children than in adults, in middle-aged females than in middle-aged males. Atopy and smoking may have a dif ferent role to determine the bronchial responsiveness depending upon age and sex.

陽明學과 明末의 佛敎

曺永祿(Cho Young-rok) 동양사학회 1993 東洋史學硏究 Vol.44 No.-

Adenovirus-mediated transfer of siRNA against PTTG1 inhibits liver cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo

Jung, Cho-Rok,Yoo, Jinsang,Jang, Ye Jin,Kim, Sangsoo,Chu, In-Sun,Yeom, Young Il,Choi, Jong Young,Im, Dong-Soo Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 Hepatology Vol.43 No.5

<P>The pituitary tumor transforming (PTTG) gene family comprises PTTG1, 2, and 3. Forced expression of PTTG1 (securin) induces cellular transformation and promotes tumor development in animal models. PTTG1 is overexpressed in various human cancers. However, the expression and pathogenic implications of the PTTG gene family in hepatocellular carcinoma are largely unknown. Gene silencing using short interfering RNA (siRNA) has become an efficient means to study the functions of genes and has been increasingly used for cancer gene therapy approaches. We report that PTTG1, but not PTTG2 and 3, was highly and frequently expressed in liver cancer tissues from patients and highly in SH-J1, SK-Hep1, and Huh-7 hepatoma cell lines. Adenoviral vector encoding siRNA against PTTG1 (Ad.PTTG1-siRNA) depleted PTTG1 specifically and efficiently in SH-J1 hepatoma cells, which resulted in activation of p53 that led to increased p21 expression and induction of apoptosis. The depletion of PTTG1 in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells exhibited a cytotoxic effect in a p53-dependent manner. Ad.PTTG1-siRNA-mediated cytotoxic effect was dependent on expression levels of PTTG1 and p53 in hepatoma cell lines. Huh-7 hepatoma cells, once transduced with Ad.PTTG1-siRNA, displayed markedly attenuated growth potential in nude mice. Intra-tumor delivery of Ad.PTTG1-siRNA led to significant inhibition of tumor growth in SH-J1 tumor xenograft established in nude mice. In conclusion, PTTG1 overexpressed in hepatoma cell lines negatively regulates the ability of p53 to induce apoptosis. PTTG1 gene silencing using siRNA may be an effective modality to treat liver cancer, in which PTTG1 is abundantly expressed. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;43:1042–1052.)</P>

토목분야 - 다웰 바를 활용한 Perfobond 전단연결재에 관한 성능 고찰

조영록(Young-Rok Cho),유성근(Sung-Kun You),정남진(Nam-Jin Jeong) 대한토목학회 2007 대한토목학회지 Vol.55 No.5