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원산거류지(元山居留地)의 도시공간(都市空間)의 형성과정(形成過程)에 관한 고찰(考察)
양상호,Yang, Sang-Ho 한국건축역사학회 1994 건축역사연구 Vol.3 No.2
This paper is one of Korean towns in the period of Korean-Modern, which play an important role in shaping the present cities of Korea. In the concrete, this study deals with the urban form of the Japanese Concession at Womsan where is the second Open Port in Korea. By the way, both of the Open Port and the Concession were the town that not exist before the period of Korean-Modern, and the town that symbolize the historical characters of the period of Korean-Modern. On this study, it is intended to analyze the situations of establishment, the process of the urban form, and the meanings of Concession, from 1880 to 1910, the period when had been kept up the nature of the Concession mainly. The Japanese Concession at Wonsan was urged it's establishment by Japan Government that is conscious of the purpose of foreign trade and military importance. But, it was slow in progress of developing town because of the distance from the capital 'Han Yang', today we called it Seoul, and lack of the background towns. However, after both the wars of 1895 and 1904, Japanese residents were incresed and urban aspects were advanced. The urban form of Japanese Concession was devided two territories by the natural circumstances, so that was made a difference on the period of the development. And finally, it had double axis on the form of district. Furthermore, by increasing of residence, it was occured that new Japanese resident arwa was occupied and expanded illegally between the road which is toward the existing Korean village 'Womsan-Jin(元山津)'. This indeed is the illegal extension of the Japanese Concession at Wonsan. Conclusively, Concession fumed out the primary factor that Korean towns are altered with the heterogeneous ones in the period of Korean-Modern.
In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of pegmatite
Jo, Wol-Soon,Yang, Kwang-Mo,Choi, Yoo-Jin,Jeong, Chang-Hwa,Ahn, Kyoung-Jin,Nam, Byung-Hyouk,Lee, Sang-Wha,Seo, Su-Yeong,Jeong, Min-Ho The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2010 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.6 No.2
Pegmatite is a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock rich in rare elements such as uranium, tungsten, and tantalum with Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Se, Ge, and Ho. We tested in vitro and in vivo assays for the anti-inflammatory activity of pegmatites. We firstly evaluated the suppressive effects of pegmatite on macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with proinflammatory stimuli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to determine nitric oxide (NO) production and TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 release. The $IC_{50}$ values of pegmatite exceeded $5,000\;{\mu}g/mL$. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with pegmatite significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated NO production and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 secretion in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). In vivo studies were tested with two animal models of arachidonic acid-induced mouse ear edema and an acetic acid-induced increase in capillary permeability. The pegmatite significantly attenuated ear edema induced by arachidonic acid and reduced the acetic acid-induced increase in capillary permeability in mice (P<0.05) when the pegmatite was administered topically (10 mg per ear) for 24 h. Therefore, pegmatite potentially shows an anti-inflammatory activity in the in vitro and in vivo mice and in the development of newer anti-inflammatory agents as mineral materials.
종 분포 모형을 이용한 구상나무림의 지속 및 쇠퇴에 관한 연구 - 전라남도 광양시 백운산을 중심으로 -
조선희 ( Seon Hee Cho ),박종영 ( Jong Young Park ),박정호 ( Jeong Ho Park ),이양근 ( Yang Geun Lee ),문이만 ( Lee Man Mun ),강상호 ( Sang Ho Kang ),김광현 ( Gwang Hyun Kim ),윤종국 ( Jong Guk Yun ) 한국산림과학회 2015 한국산림과학회지 Vol.104 No.3
The present study investigated the habitats of Korean fir trees (Abies koreana E. H. Wilson) on Mt. Baekwun (Baekwun-san), determined the current distribution, quantified the contribution of biological and nonbiological environmental factors affecting the distribution, derived actual and potential habitats, presented a plan for the establishment of protected areas, applied RCP 8.5 climate change scenario to analyze the effects of climate change on the future distribution of Korean fir trees, and predicted future potential habitats. According to the results of the study, 3,325 Korean fir trees (DBH >= 2.5 cm) inhabited Mt. Baekwun, and their distribution area was approximately 150 ha. Populations of Korean fir trees were confirmed to exist at an altitude of 900 m above sea level and were distributed up to 1,200 m. Based on potential distribution, areas appropriate for habitation by Korean fir trees were analyzed to be 450 ha, three times the current distribution area, with a focus on Sang Peak (Sang-bong), Eokbul Peak (Eokbul-bong), Ddari Peak (Ddari-bong), and Dosol Peak (Dosol-bong). The forest stands near Sang Peak, the main peak, were evaluated as those with the most appropriate potential for the habitation of Korean fir trees, and populations of the trees tended to prefer the northern slope rather than the southern slope. When climate change scenario RCP 8.5 was applied and future potential distribution was analyzed, the habitats were expected to decrease in area to 20 ha by 2050, with a focus on Sang Peak, and areas appropriate for habitation were predicted not to exist by 2080. Judging from such results, as global warming accelerates, the habitats of Korean fir trees are clearly expected to move from lowlands to highlands.
Sang Gon Kim,Seonghyu Shin,Gun-Ho Jung,Seong-Guk Kim,Chung-Guk Kim,Mi-Ok Woo,Min Ju Lee,Jin-Seok Lee,Beom-Young Son,Woon-Ho Yang,Young-up Kwon,Kang-Bo Shim 한국작물학회 2016 한국작물학회지 Vol.61 No.3
In monsoon climates, persistent shade is a troublesome weather condition with an impact on the growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L.). We imposed 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of consecutive shade (CS) on Gwangpyeongok and P3394 corn hybrids at the beginning of the kernel filling stages. Shade had little impact on leaf area and dry matter accumulation in the stem and leaves. However, dry matter accumulation in the ear was severely reduced by approximately 28% and 53% after 14 and 28 days of CS, respectively. For the components of grain yield, 7 and 14 days of shade did irreparable damage to the number of filled kernels, the kernel number per ear row, and the percent of filled kernels, but did little damage or reversible damage after removal of the shade to the 100-grain weight and the row number per ear. Shade significantly reduced the relative growth rate (RGR) due to a decrease in the net assimilation rate (NAR). These results suggest that source activity limitation by shade during the kernel filling stages leads to the inhibition of sink activity and size. The yield of biomass, ear, and grain logistically declined as the length of CS increased. Probit analysis revealed that the number of days of CS needed to cause 25% and 50% reductions in grain yield were 3.7 and 23.1, respectively. These results suggest that the plant yield loss induced by shade at the beginning of the kernel filling stages is mainly achieved within the first 7 days of consecutive shade.
Yang Liu,Hong-Gyu Park,Ju Hwan Lee,Sang Bok Jang,Yoon Ho Jung,Hae-Chang Jeong,Dae-Shik Seo IEEE 2015 IEEE electron device letters Vol.36 No.4
<P>Y<SUB>2</SUB>Sn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> nanoparticle layer fabricated by ion beam (IB) irradiation after annealing is reported here. Spherical particles were induced after IB irradiation as demonstrated by field emission scanning electron microscopy. When this layer was used as an alignment layer, homogeneous alignment of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) was observed with a small pretilt angle due to van der Waals interactions between LCs and the Y<SUB>2</SUB>Sn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> layer and interactions between benzene rings of the LCs and broken chemical bonds. The resulting electric-controlled twist nematic cell showed excellent electrical-optical properties, indicating that our approach holds great potential for creating commercial LC displays (LCDs).</P>
Yang, Ji-Hwan,Jung, Hyung-Hwan,Seo, Jihoon,Kim, Kwang-Dae,Kim, Dong-Ho,Lim, Dong-Chan,Park, Sung-Gyu,Kang, Jae-Wook,Song, Myungkwan,Choi, Min-Seung,Kwon, Jung-Dae,Nam, Kee-Seok,Jeong, Yongsoo,Kwon, Se American Chemical Society 2013 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.117 No.45
<P>Toxic doping gases are usually used to produce hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layers in thin-film solar cells (TFSCs). Hence, an alternative structure that avoids the use of toxic gases is desirable. In this work, we replaced both the <I>p</I>-type-a-Si:H and <I>n</I>-type-a-Si:H layers simultaneously in a normal TFSC to form a structure that is dopant-free. Molybdenum oxide (MoO<SUB>3</SUB>) and lithium fluoride were used as the <I>p</I>-type and <I>n</I>-type layers, respectively. The effects of the deposition method and the thickness of the MoO<SUB>3</SUB> layer on the device performance were investigated. The power-conversion efficiency of the optimized hybrid solar cell reached a maximum of 7.08%, which is remarkable considering the novel structure of the dopant-free devices. The light stability of the devices with and without MoO<SUB>3</SUB> was also compared: the light stability of the device with MoO<SUB>3</SUB> was found to be much better than that of the device without MoO<SUB>3</SUB> and with <I>p-i-n</I> Si layers. This was ascribed to the insignificant number of defect sites generated by the nondoping elements, which led to a less contaminated, more compact, and smoother oxide surface, resulting in an increase in the electron lifetime and improved light stability. This work opens up a new direction toward the development of a truly dopant-free device that does not involve the use of toxic gases during fabrication and provides the potential for further enhancement of the efficiency of future dopant-free solar cells.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2013/jpccck.2013.117.issue-45/jp4031656/production/images/medium/jp-2013-031656_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp4031656'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Yang, Miyoung,Kim, Juhwan,Kim, Sung-Ho,Kim, Joong-Sun,Shin, Taekyun,Moon, Changjong Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2012 Neural regeneration research Vol.7 No.21
<P>Methotrexate, which is used to treat many malignancies and autoimmune diseases, affects brain functions including hippocampal-dependent memory function. However, the precise mechanisms underlying methotrexate-induced hippocampal dysfunction are poorly understood. To evaluate temporal changes in synaptic plasticity-related signals, the expression and activity of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 1, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, cAMP responsive element-binding protein, glutamate receptor 1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor were examined in the hippocampi of adult C57BL/6 mice after methotrexate (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection. Western blot analysis showed biphasic changes in synaptic plasticity-related signals in adult hippocampi following methotrexate treatment. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 1, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and glutamate receptor 1 were acutely activated during the early phase (1 day post-injection), while extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and cAMP responsive element-binding protein activation showed biphasic increases during the early (1 day post-injection) and late phases (7–14 days post-injection). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression increased significantly during the late phase (7–14 days post-injection). Therefore, methotrexate treatment affects synaptic plasticity-related signals in the adult mouse hippocampus, suggesting that changes in synaptic plasticity-related signals may be associated with neuronal survival and plasticity-related cellular remodeling.</P>