Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals B cell–related molecular biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease

Xiong Liu-Lin,Xue Lu-Lu,Du Ruo-Lan,Niu Rui-Ze,Chen Li,Chen Jie,Hu Qiao,Tan Ya-Xin,Shang Hui-Fang,Liu Jia,Yu Chang-Yin,Wang Ting-Hua 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

In recent years, biomarkers have been integrated into the diagnostic process and have become increasingly indispensable for obtaining knowledge of the neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in human blood have been reported to participate in a variety of neurodegenerative activities. Here, a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of PBMCs from 4 AD patients (2 in the early stage, 2 in the late stage) and 2 normal controls was performed to explore the differential cell subpopulations in PBMCs of AD patients. A significant decrease in B cells was detected in the blood of AD patients. Furthermore, we further examined PBMCs from 43 AD patients and 41 normal subjects by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and combined with correlation analysis, we found that the reduction in B cells was closely correlated with the patients’ Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores. To confirm the role of B cells in AD progression, functional experiments were performed in early-stage AD mice in which fibrous plaques were beginning to appear; the results demonstrated that B cell depletion in the early stage of AD markedly accelerated and aggravated cognitive dysfunction and augmented the Aβ burden in AD mice. Importantly, the experiments revealed 18 genes that were specifically upregulated and 7 genes that were specifically downregulated in B cells as the disease progressed, and several of these genes exhibited close correlation with AD. These findings identified possible B cell-based AD severity, which are anticipated to be conducive to the clinical identification of AD progression.

Debonding defect quantification method of building decoration layers via UAV-thermography and deep learning

Xiong Peng,Xiong Peng,Anhua Chen,Chao Zhao,Canlong Liu,Y. Frank Chen 국제구조공학회 2021 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.28 No.1

The falling offs of building decorative layers (BDLs) on exterior walls are quite common, especially in Asia, which presents great concerns to human safety and properties. Presently, there is no effective technique to detect the debonding of the exterior finish because debonding are hidden defect. In this study, the debonding defect identification method of building decoration layers via UAV-thermography and deep learning is proposed. Firstly, the temperature field characteristics of debonding defects are tested and analyzed, showing that it is feasible to identify the debonding of BDLs based on UAV. Then, a debonding defect recognition and quantification method combining CenterNet (Point Network) and fuzzy clustering is proposed. Further, the actual area of debonding defect is quantified through the optical imaging principle using the real-time measured distance. Finally, a case study of the old teaching-building inspection is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing that the proposed model performs well with an accuracy above 90%, which is valuable to the society.

Optimization of an indirect regeneration system for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Xiong Luxi,Liu Chang,Liu Dajun,Yan Zhishan,Yang Xiaoxu,Feng Guojun 한국식물생명공학회 2023 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.17 No.6

The main problems associated with growing common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) callus are low proliferation and differentiation, and high browning. In this study, common bean callus induced by cotyledon nodes was used as explant material to investigate the effects of different exogenous substances on callus regeneration, as well as the correlation between callus browning and the changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activities during callus culture. Adding AgNO3, CoCl2, Putrescine (Put), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to the callus growth medium at appropriate concentrations could significantly improve callus proliferation and differentiation efficiency, while also reducing the degree of browning, compared to controls. Callus explants were cultured in callus proliferation and differentiation medium (CPADM) containing 5 mg·L−1 AgNO3, 15 mg·L−1 Put, 5 mg·L−1 CoCl2, or 0.02 mM ACC, with optimal callus growth at these dosages. After treatment with the four exogenous substances, callus browning was inversely correlated with SOD activity but positively correlated with POD and PPO activities. The maximum rooting frequency of shoots was observed when rooting media was treated with 1 mg·L−1 Indole butyric acid (IBA) or 0.1 mg·L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The average number of primary roots, root length, and root fresh weight were higher after these treatments. The indirect regeneration issue was largely resolved for common bean by the callus culture technique applied in this study, which provides a framework for genetic modification, germplasm preservation, and bean application.

Exploitation of IP-based Intelligent Networked Measuring and Control Device and System

LIU Gui-xiong,LUO Yi,FANG Xiao-dong 제어로봇시스템학회 2003 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.10

Hydrogen sulfide alleviates hypothyroidism-induced myocardial fibrosis in rats through stimulating autophagy and inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway

Xiong Song,Liangui Nie,Junrong Long,Junxiong Zhao,Xing Liu,Liuyang Wang,Da Liu,Sen Wang,Shengquan Liu,Jun Yang 대한약리학회 2023 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.27 No.1

Hypothyroidism alone can lead to myocardial fibrosis and result in heart failure, but traditional hormone replacement therapy does not improve the fibrotic situation. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a new gas signaling molecule, possesses antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic capabilities. Whether H2S could improve hypothyroidism-induced myocardial fibrosis are not yet studied. In our study, H2S could decrease collagen deposition in the myocardial tissue of rats caused by hypothyroidism. Furthermore, in hypothyroidism-induced rats, we found that H2S could enhance cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE), not cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), protein expressions. Finally, we noticed that H2S could elevate autophagy levels and inhibit the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signal transduction pathway. In conclusion, our experiments not only suggest that H2S could alleviate hypothyroidism- induced myocardial fibrosis by activating autophagy and suppressing TGF-β1/ SMAD family member 2 (Smad 2) signal transduction pathway, but also show that it can be used as a complementary treatment to conventional hormone therapy.

Parecoxib: an Enhancer of Radiation Therapy for Colorectal Cancer

Xiong, Wei,Li, Wen-Hui,Jiang, Yong-Xin,Liu, Shan,Ai, Yi-Qin,Liu, Rong,Chang, Li,Zhang, Ming,Wang, Xiao-Li,Bai, Han,Wang, Hong,Zheng, Rui,Tan, Jing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2

Background: To study the effect of parecoxib, a novel cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor, on the radiation response of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and its underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Both in vitro colony formation and apoptosis assays as well as in vivo mouse xenograft experiments were used to explore the radiosensitizing effects of parecoxib in human HCT116 and HT29 CRC cells. Results: Parecoxib sensitized CRC cells to radiation in vitro with a sensitivity enhancement ratio of 1.32 for HCT116 cells and 1.15 for HT29 cells at a surviving fraction of 0.37. This effect was partially attributable to enhanced apoptosis induction by parecoxib combined with radiation, as illustrated using an in vitro apoptosis assays. Parecoxib augmented the tumor response of HCT116 xenografts to radiation, achieving growth delay more than 20 days and an enhancement factor of 1.53. In accordance with the in vitro results, parecoxib combined with radiation resulted in less proliferation and more apoptosis in tumors than radiation alone. Radiation monotherapy decreased microvessel density (MVD) and microvessel intensity (MVI), but increased the hypoxia level in xenografts. Parecoxib did not affect MVD, but it increased MVI and attenuated hypoxia. Conclusions: Parecoxib can effectively enhance radiation sensitivity in CRC cells through direct effects on tumor cells and indirect effects on tumor vasculature.

REAL-VARIABLE CHARACTERIZATIONS OF VARIABLE HARDY SPACES ON LIPSCHITZ DOMAINS OF ℝn

Xiong Liu 대한수학회 2021 대한수학회보 Vol.58 No.3

Let Ω be a proper open subset of ℝn and p(·) : Ω → (0, ∞) be a variable exponent function satisfying the globally log-Hölder continuous condition. In this article, the author introduces the "geometrical" variable Hardy spaces Hp(·)r (Ω) and Hp(·)z (Ω) on Ω, and then obtains the grand maximal function characterizations of Hp(·)r (Ω) and Hp(·)z (Ω) when Ω is a strongly Lipschitz domain of ℝn. Moreover, the author further introduces the "geometrical" variable local Hardy spaces hp(·)r (Ω), and then establishes the atomic characterization of hp(·)r (Ω) when Ω is a bounded Lipschitz domain of ℝn.

Microarray Analysis of Long Non-coding RNA Expression Profile Associated with 5-Fluorouracil-Based Chemoradiation Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Xiong, Wei,Jiang, Yong-Xin,Ai, Yi-Qin,Liu, Shan,Wu, Xing-Rao,Cui, Jian-Guo,Qin, Ji-Yong,Liu, Yan,Xia, Yao-Xiong,Ju, Yun-He,He, Wen-Jie,Wang, Yong,Li, Yun-Fen,Hou, Yu,Wang, Li,Li, Wen-Hui Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Background: Preoperative 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiotherapy is a standard treatment for locally advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, CRC cells often develop chemoradiation resistance (CRR). Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays critical roles in a myriad of biological processes and human diseases, as well as chemotherapy resistance. Since the roles of lncRNAs in 5-FU-based CRR in human CRC cells remain unknown, they were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: A 5-FU-based concurrent CRR cell model was established using human CRC cell line HCT116. Microarray expression profiling of lncRNAs and mRNAs was undertaken in parental HCT116 and 5-FU-based CRR cell lines. Results: In total, 2,662 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 2,398 mRNAs were identified in 5-FU-based CRR HCT116 cells when compared with those in parental HCT116. Moreover, 6 lncRNAs and 6 mRNAs found to be differentially expressed were validated by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis for the differentially expressed mRNAs indicated involvement of many, such as Jak-STAT, PI3K-Akt and NF-kappa B signaling pathways. To better understand the molecular basis of 5-FU-based CRR in CRC cells, correlated expression networks were constructed based on 8 intergenic lncRNAs and their nearby coding genes. Conclusions: Changes in lncRNA expression are involved in 5-FU-based CRR in CRC cells. These findings may provide novel insight for the prognosis and prediction of response to therapy in CRC patients.

Biodegradable cross-linked poly(L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone) networks for ureteral stent formed by gamma irradiation under vacuum

Xiliang Liu,Song Liu,Youkun Fan,Jin Qi,Xin Wang,Wei Bai,Dongliang Chen,Chengdong Xiong,Lifang Zhang 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.104 No.-

The poly(L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone) (PLCL) ureteral stent creeps and loses shape stability, increasingthe risk of stent tube dislocation. The rubbery biodegradable cross-linked PLCL networks were preparedthrough gamma irradiation under vacuum in the presence of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA),pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PET4A), and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA). At a standard sterilizationdose of 25 kGy, the gel content and network density of PLCL networks increased with increasingcrosslinking agent content (1, 3, 5, 7 wt%), and crosslinking efficiency decreased in the order ofPETA > PET4A > TMPTA. The average molecular weight (Mc ) between two crosslinks ranged from 2000to 105 g/mol. To perform the beneficial semi-interpenetrated polymer network and characterized bythe principle, the networks were processed in several doses (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 kGy). In place ofthe Charlesby-Pinner equation, the irradiation cross-linking followed the Chen-Liu-Tang equation. ThePLCL network with 7 wt% PETA had a gel fraction of 83%, tensile strength of 34.7 MPa, and tensile setvalue as low as 5%. Furthermore, degradation in vitro was slowed down. Thus, PLCL networks with appropriateelasticity and flexibility, inherent biodegradability, and excellent biocompatibility can provide apromising alternative method for soft tissue repair engineering, such as ureteral stents.

Weighting factor design based on SVR–MOPSO for finite set MPC operated power electronic converters

Yonglu Liu,Zhengmao Yang,Xubin Liu,Hanbing Dan,Wenjing Xiong,Tao Ling,Mei Su 전력전자학회 2022 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.22 No.7

Selecting weighting factors is a challenge for the finite set model predictive control (FS-MPC). Based on the support vector regression (SVR) algorithm and the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm, this paper proposes a new weighting factor design principle. SVR is used to establish the functional relationship between the input weighting factors and the output performance indexes (such as the average switching frequency (fsw) and the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage). Even in the case of small samples, this can provide accurate performance index estimates for any combination of weighting factors. The established SVR function is taken as the fitness function. Then, MOPSO is used to search for Pareto optimal weighting factor combinations. The proposed method can converge in a few steps and does not require tedious calculations. Moreover, it is applicable to optimization problem with two or more weighting factors for arbitrary topology models. It also provides a range of optimal weighting factor solution sets. Finally, the proposed methodology is verified on a practical weighting factor design problem in a FS-MPC regulated voltage source inverter. Experimental results confirm the correctness of the theoretical analysis.