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- 저자 : Toru Funayama (검색결과 4 건)
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FUNAYAMA Toru 동국대학교 불교학술원 2017 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.27 No.2
The Chinese Buddhist scripture Fanwang jing (FWJ) or the Scripture of the Pure Divinities’ Netted [Banners] (T 24, no. 1484) exerted enormous influence on the formation and evolution of the idea of bodhisattva precepts in East Asian Buddhism. A careful comparison of early manuscript and woodblock editions reveals that the FWJ was reformed again and again over the centuries. A large number of variants in the FWJ are also worthy of attention. The second roll of the FWJ, seven pages long in the Taishō edition, has over 300 locations for which variant readings exist. I have attempted to make a list of earlier manuscript and woodblock editions of the FWJ; to explain the fundamental differences between the two—old and new—lineages of the text; and to present problems posed by both the Western-style “critical edition” and the “East Asian traditional edition.” As an example of the appropriate method for editing a text rich in variants, I proposed a new type of edition for the FWJ by selecting turning points in the text’s history, upon which basis I present the following data: a presumed original or earliest form with a critical apparatus #1; a manuscript version of its early succession #2; a version dating to the beginnings of later transformations #3 and #4, and the three canonical versions as representative of currently popular editions #5, #6, and #7. By presenting three samples, I explained a possible style for a new type of edition appropriate for simultaneously describing both the original form and later transformations of the FWJ. In accordance with this methodology I have published a monograph as Funayama (2017).
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Arata Watanabe,Masataka Sakane,Toru Funayama,Masashi Iwasashi,Akihiro Kanamori,Naoyuki Ochiai 한국생체재료학회 2010 생체재료학회지 Vol.14 No.1
A microstructure of unidirectional porous hydroxyapatite (UDPHAp) has a diameter of 100-300 μm, which pene-trates through the material. In addition, it has a porosity of 75% and initial compression strength of approximately 14 MPa. The objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of UDPHAp for the tibial wedge osteot-omy in canines. We performed the operation on the right tibia of the dogs, and a wedge-shaped UDPHAp was implanted in the gap after the osteotomy. At 6 and 12 weeks after the operation, the specimens were solid and bony union could be macroscopically observed. Radiological examination revealed that complete consolidation between the osteotomy site and the UDPHAp was established at 12 weeks. Histological evaluation revealed fibrous tissues between the host bone and the UDPHAp at 6 weeks, although new bone formation was observed at the edges of the material. At 12 weeks, direct bonding and bone ingrowth was observed. This study indicates that UDPHAp has great potential for use as a bone substitute for open-wedge high tibail osteotomy in clinical condition.
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Miura Kousei,Kadone Hideki,Abe Tetsuya,Koda Masao,Funayama Toru,Noguchi Hiroshi,Kumagai Hiroshi,Nagashima Katsuya,Mataki Kentaro,Shibao Yosuke,Sato Kosuke,Kawamoto Hiroaki,Sankai Yoshiyuki,Yamazaki Ma 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.1
Study Design: Prospective experimental study in humans.Purpose: To determine whether the hybrid assistive limb (HAL) for Care Support can reduce lumbar load during a patient transfer.Overview of Literature: The prevalence of work-related low back pain (LBP) among nurses is high. In particular, transferring patients poses a high risk for LBP due to the large lumbar load. Attempts to reduce the lumbar load are crucial to avoid the risk of LBP. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the HAL for Care Support.Methods: Nineteen volunteers (16 men, three women) lifted a 60-kg doll from a seated position to a standing position. The first transfer was performed without the HAL for Care Support, and the second was performed with the HAL for Care Support assistive robot. We evaluated transfer performance, the visual analog scale (VAS) score for lumbar fatigue, and electromyogram analyses of the trunk and hip.Results: Four participants (two men, two women) succeeded with the HAL for Care Support even though they were unable to perform the task without it. The mean lumbar fatigue VAS score for all participants without the HAL for Care Support was 62 mm, while that with it was 43 mm. With lumbar assistance from the HAL for Care Support, subjective lumbar fatigue during the transfer decreased significantly. A power analysis indicated adequate statistical power to detect a difference in the VAS score for lumbar fatigue (0.99). The activity of the left gluteus maximus alone increased significantly during transfers with the HAL for Care Support. No adverse events occurred during use of the HAL for Care Support for transfers.Conclusions: The HAL for Care Support was able to reduce lumbar load in a simulated patient transfer.
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Kengo Fujii,Masataka Sakane,Tetsuya Abe,Tsukasa Nakagawa,Shinsuke Sakai,Masaki Tatsumura,Toru Funayama,Masashi Yamazaki 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.6
Study Design: Retrospective, radiological study. Purpose: To determine the relationship between clinical symptoms and the extent of tumor occupation of the spinal canal by cauda equina schwannoma. Overview of Literature: Little is known about the relationship between the size of tumors of the cauda equina and the manifestation of clinical symptoms. We analyzed this relationship by estimating the percentage of tumor occupation (PTO) in the spinal canal in cauda equina schwannomas and by correlating this parameter with the presence and severity of clinical symptoms. Methods: Twenty-two patients (9 men and 13 women; age, 19–79 years; mean age, 55.3 years) who were radiologically diagnosed with schwannomas of the cauda equina between April 2004 and July 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. PTO was measured in axial and sagittal magnetic resonance imaging slices in which the cross-sectional area of the tumor was the largest. Data regarding clinical symptoms and results of physical examinations were collected from patient medical records. PTO differences between symptompositive and -negative groups were analyzed for each variable. Results: In the 4 cases in which tumor presence was not related to clinical symptoms, PTO was 5%–10% (mean, 9%) in axial slices and 23%–31% (mean, 30%) in sagittal slices. In the 18 cases in which symptoms were associated with the tumor, PTO was 11%–86% (mean, 50%) in axial slices and 43%–88% (mean, 71%) in sagittal slices. PTO in axial slices was significantly higher in the presence of Déjèrine symptoms and/or muscle weakness, a positive straight leg raise test, and a positive Kemp sign. Conclusions: PTO >20% in axial slices and >40% in sagittal slices can be an indication of symptomatic cauda equina schwannoma.
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