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MAFLD enhances clinical practice for liver disease in the Asia-Pacific region
Takumi Kawaguchi,Tsubasa Tsutsumi,Dan Nakano,Mohammed Eslam,Jacob George,Takuji Torimura 대한간학회 2022 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.28 No.2
Fatty liver is now a major cause of liver disease in the Asia-Pacific region. Liver diseases in this region have distinctive characteristics. First, fatty liver is frequently observed in lean/normal-weight individuals. However, there is no standard definition of this unique phenotype. Second, fatty liver is often observed in patients with concomitant viral hepatitis. The exclusion of viral hepatitis from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease limits its value and detracts from the investigation and holistic management of coexisting fatty liver in patients with viral hepatitis. Third, fatty liver-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is generally categorized as non-B non-C HCC. Fourth, the population is aging rapidly, and it is imperative to develop a practicable, low-intensity exercise program for elderly patients. Fifth, most patients and nonspecialized healthcare professionals still lack an awareness of the significance of fatty liver both in terms of intrahepatic and extrahepatic disease and cancer. Recently, an international expert panel proposed a new definition of fatty liver: metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). One feature of MAFLD is that metabolic dysfunction is a prerequisite for diagnosis. Pertinent to regional issues, MAFLD also provides its diagnostic criteria in lean/normal-weight individuals. Furthermore, MAFLD is independent of any concomitant liver disease, including viral hepatitis. Therefore, MAFLD may be a more suitable definition for fatty liver in the Asia-Pacific region. In this review, we introduce the regional characteristics of fatty liver and discuss the advantages of MAFLD for improving clinical practice for liver disease in the region.
Dosimetric properties of Mg-doped Al2O3 transparent ceramics
Takumi Kato,Noriaki Kawaguchi,Takayuki Yanagida 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2019 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.20 No.5
Transparent ceramics of Al2O3 doped with different concentrations of Mg2+ ions (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0%) were synthesized by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method, and scintillation and dosimetric properties were investigated. Under X-ray irradiation, all the samples showed emission peaks around 310, 380 and 693 nm. Based on the measured scintillation decay times and previous studies, the origins of the emission peaks at 310, 380 and 693 nm were attributed to F+ centers, F centers and Cr3+ impurity ions, respectively. The 0.1% Mg-doped sample showed a glow curve consisting of peaks around 50, 105, 135, 230, 350 and 400 oC. All the samples had a linear TSL response in a dose range from 0.1 to 1,000 mGy.
Radio-photoluminescence properties of CaF2 transparent and opaque ceramics
Kato Takumi,Nakauchi Daisuke,Kawaguchi Noriaki,Yanagida Takayuki 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.11
Radio-photoluminescence (RPL) phenomenon was observed in CaF2 transparent and opaque ceramics by X-ray irradiation. The RPL appeared as a formation of photoluminescence (PL) emission bands located around 660 and 720 nm caused by F2+ and (F2+)A centers, respectively. The RPL signal can be deleted by heating, and reusability was observed over ten experimental cycles. The fading of the RPL signal was confirmed to be ~4% in 10 days. The detectable RPL response of CaF2 transparent ceramics was as low as 1 mGy, and the dynamic ranges were confirmed over 1–10000 mGy with linear response.
Hironori Koga,Hideki Iwamoto,Hiroyuki Suzuki,Shigeo Shimose,Masahito Nakano,Takumi Kawaguchi 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.2
Striking advances in systemic therapy for unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have improved the average prognosis of patients with HCC. As a result, the guidelines for the treatment of HCC have changed significantly. However, various issues have emerged in clinical practice. First, there is no established biomarker that can predict response to systemic therapy. Second, there is no established treatment regimen after primary systemic therapy, including combined immunotherapy. Third, there is no established treatment regimen for intermediate-stage HCC. These points make the current guidelines ambiguous. In this review, we present the Japanese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC based on the latest evidence; introduce various efforts mainly in Japanese real-life practice to update these guidelines; and present our perspectives on future guidelines.
Hideki Iwamoto,Shigeo Shimose,Tomotake Shirono,Takashi Niizeki,Takumi Kawaguchi 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.3
Recently, treatments for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have undergone remarkable development. Various systemic chemotherapy drugs have been approved and are recommended by clinical guidelines worldwide. Although systemic treatments are effective and contribute to prolonged patient survival, their effects are unsatisfactory for some specific tumor conditions, such as macrovascular invasion. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is a traditional treatment for advanced HCC. As yet, there is no worldwide consensus recommending HAIC because no high-quality clinical trials have demonstrated its survival benefit. However, clinical evidence is gradually accumulating that shows its survival benefit, and it is recognized as an effective locoregional treatment for advanced HCC. Several HAIC regimens have been reported, including cisplatin monotherapy, cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (low-dose FP), lipiodol-suspended FP, and an oxaliplatin-based regimen. We have entered an era of chemo-diversity in the treatment of advanced HCC. This review aimed to clarify the relevance of HAIC in the era of chemo-diversity. We propose a multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy combining locoregional HAIC treatment with sequential drug therapy, with the aim of becoming cancer-free through conversion therapy.
概念ベースのオーストリア「歴史・社会・政治科」の授業構成 - 市民性育成からみた概念の機能に注目して -
草原 和博(Kazuhiro Kusahara),川口 広,美(Hiromi Kawaguchi),金鍾成(Jongsung Kim),渡邉,巧(Takumi Watanabe) 한국사회과수업학회 2020 사회과수업연구 Vol.8 No.1
要旨:本稿は,オーストリアの「歴史・社会・政治科」の「概念ベース」の授業を分析し,政治的市民性の育成からみた概念の機能を明らかにすることを目的とする。分析の結果,以下3点の機能を導くことができた。第1に,科学者が提起する概念を活かして,国家・社会のしくみを自立的に批評する機会を与えること,第2に,個々人に由来する概念を活かして,人々の判断基準の多様性を経験させること,第3に,歴史的に構築された概念を活かして,判断基準を再定義し,継承していく責任を行使させること。このように概念ベースの授業は,民主主義社会の形成者に求められる多様な経験を与えることができる。すなわち,それは,社会科学教育の範疇に留まるものではなく,市民性教育の理念とも齟齬を来さないことが明らかとなった。オーストリアにおける概念ベースの授業は,論争問題を取り上げ,主張と主張,価値観と価値観,感情と感情が直接的にぶつかるようなハードな討論学習とは性格を異にする。むしろそれを回避し,現実社会の対象化を保証しつつ,概念による解釈や概念の定義をめぐるソフトな対話を引き出している点で,注目に値する。 This paper analyzes the “concept-based” lessons of “history, social studies and political education” in Austria and aims to clarify the function of concepts in terms of the citizenship education. The results of the analysis led to the following three functions First, the concepts raised by scientists should be used to give them the opportunity to critique the workings of the state and society independently; second, the concepts derived from the individual should be used to experience the diversity of people s perspectives of judgment; and third, the historically constructed concepts should be used to exercise the responsibility of redefining and reconstructing the social norm embedded in the community. Such concept-based teaching can provide the diverse experiences required for the democratic citizen. In other words, it is not limited to the category of social science education and does not conflict with the idea of citizenship education. Concept-based teaching in Austria takes on controversial issues and is different in character from “hard deliberation”, where claims and arguments, values and values, and feelings and emotions directly collide. Rather, it is noteworthy in that it avoids it and draws out a “soft dialogue” around the interpretation by concepts and definition of concepts, while guaranteeing the objectification of the real world.