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Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Butanol Extract of Melaleuca leucadendron L.
Surh, Jeong-Hee,Yun, Jung-Mi The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2012 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.17 No.1
Melaleuca leucadendron L. has been used as a tranquilizing, sedating, evil-dispelling and pain-relieving agent. We examined the effects of M. leucadendron L. extracts on oxidative stress and inflammation. M. leucadendron L. was extracted with methanol (MeOH) and then fractionated with chloroform ($CHCl_3$) and butanol (BuOH). Antioxidant activity of the MeOH extract and BuOH fraction were higher than that of both ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and butyrated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Total phenol content in the extracts of M. leucadendron L., especially the BuOH fraction, well correlated with the antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of BuOH extracts were investigated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The BuOH fraction significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO and $PGE_2$ production. Furthermore, BuOH extract of M. leucadendron L. inhibited the expression of COX-2 and iNOS protein without an appreciable cytotoxic effect on RAW264.7 cells. The extract of M. leucadendron L. also suppressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ ($I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$) and its degradation associated with nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) activation. Furthermore, BuOH fraction inhibited LPS-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that M. leucadendron L. could be useful as a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory resource.
Surh, Young-Joon 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2009 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.11
The induction of antioxidant enzyme gene expression represents the first line of cellular defence against oxidative/nitrosative stress and other noxious stimuli. Experimental models of various diseases including acute inflammation, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer have demonstrated that the induction of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) can prevent or mitigate the symptoms associated with these ailments. Nuclear factor E2-related factor-2(Nrf2) has been identified as a major transcription factor responsible for regulating expression of HO-1 and other antioxidant enzymes. Our recent studies have demonstrated that peroxynitrite induces HO-1 expression and subsequently glutamate cysteine ligase(GCLC) through activation of Nrf2 signaling, which confers the cellular protection or tolerance against the subsequent injuries. HO-1 induction was also associated with cytoprotection against inflammatory tissue injuries. Some chemopreventive and chemoprotective phytochemicals, such as curcumin, zerumbone, resveratrol, the green tea polyphenol EGCG, sulforaphane and capsaicin, induce HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation. Nrf2 knock out mice were less responsive to HO-1 induction following administration of some of these phytochemicals and more prone to inflammatory as well as oxidative or nitrosative stress. Recent studies have revealed that cysteine thiols present in Keap1, a negative regulator of Nrf2, function as redox sensors in fine-tuning of transcriptional regulation of Nrf2. Certain chemopreventive and cytoprotective agents as well as electrophiles and prooxidants can oxidize or covalently modify critical cysteine thiols present in Keap1, thereby diminishing the affinity of Keap1 for Nrf2. This leads to release of Nrf2 for translocation to nucleus where it binds to antioxidant response elements, potentiating cellular defence signaling.
A REAL-TIME PRODUCTION SCHEDULING AND CONTROL SYSTEM
SURH, DAE SUK,DOUGHERTY, DENNIS J.,YOON, KYE DUK 한국경영과학회 1989 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1
A Step beyond the conventional on-line system, this is an advanced steelworks production control system that responds dynamically to the production status on real-time basis. This system is organized hierarchically in 3 levels. The processes are executed according to the event-driven priorities and, to minimize the response time, it allows the data sharing in the main memory among the processes. The system consists of 2 major subsystems: Subsystem 1 includes several scheduling models for production optimization and the related control modules to detect rescheduling events as may be required. Subsystem 2 consists of display boards and graphics system for real status monitoring and a voice message system for early warnings to the work area.