현암 김종희 회장의 생애와 경영이념 연구

김성수(Sung Soo Kim) 한국경영사학회 2009 經營史學 Vol.52 No.-

이 논문은 한국 화약산업의 개척자 한화그룹의 창업주 현암 김종희 회장의 생애와 경영활동 연구를 통한 경영이념 및 신 기업가정신(New Entrepreneurship)을 발굴하는 데 목적을 두었다. 현암 김종희 회장은 1922년 11월에 출생하여 1981년 7월(59세)에 영면 하였다. 비교적 짧은 생을 살았지만, 현암 김종희 회장은 1952년 30세 때에 화약산업의 불모지인 한국에서 한국화약㈜을 창업하였다. 그는 ‘다이너마이트’ 생산의 성공으로 혁신적인 화약류 국산화의 꿈을 실현한 훌륭한 기업가이다. 그는 한화그룹의 창업주로서 화약, 석유화학, 기계, 호텔, 건설, 무역 등 생전에 17개의 대기업집단을 이룬 창업 CEO이다. 그는 신의와 혁신, 도전과 개척 정신 그리고 변혁적 리더십 소유의 기업가로, 한국의 화약산업 개척자로서 화약산업사의 역사적 인물로 부각되며, 우리나라 화약산업의 기업 가사 연구의 중요한 경영사학적 사례를 제공한 기업인으로 평가된다. 그는 생애 경영활동을 통하여 사업보국 이념을 중심으로 ‘신용과 의리 그리고 봉사’로서 인류사회에 공헌하고자 하는 경영이념을 실현한 기업가이다. 특히 사업보국을 이념으로 발굴된 그의 신 기업가정신은 이 연구에 큰 의미를 준다. 즉, (1) 신의정신, (2) 도전과 개척정신, (3) 책임정신, (4) 근검절약정신, (5) 합리주의 정신, (6) 창의와 혁신정신, (7) 인재육성정신 등 7개의 기업가정신으로 나타나고 있다. 그리고 그의 혁신적 기업인 상은 (1) 인간성 중시의 변혁적 리더십을 소유한 기업인으로 대표되며, (2) 정도경 영을 실천한 기업인 (3) 경영이념(사업보국주의)을 통한 생산성 향상 정신을 실천한 기업인, (4) 혁신경영과 기술개발 노력을 실천한 기업인, (5) 위기극복과 문제점 해결능력을 갖춘 기업인 등으로 평가된다. 특히 (6) 국익증대의 선봉에 선 민간 외교관, (7) 스포츠 강국을 꽃피운 체육계의 거목이라는 경영인 상을 가진 기업가로도 높이 평가된다. The purpose of this study is to explore the chairman Chong-Hee Kim’s life and Managerial ideology, founder of Hanwha group. This research was to Highlight the entrepreneurship of chairman Chong-Hee Kim of Korea explosive founded (currently Hanwha Corp. Explosive Division), who carries the management principle which focuses on the devotion to business patriotism of social responsibility by providing best products and services with talent and technology. Also it aimed to revisit the life and the management principle of chairman Chong-Hee Kim who, with the business patriotism of righteousness and sense of mission, tried to found korea’s first gunpowder corporation. This research was mainly divided into two parts:literature-history research method and managerial history research method, and it analyzed the managerial accomplishment chronically according to the literature history documents, and managerial history method. This study took 12 months in which the document collecting process, writing process, and 6 party joint research processes were completed. The content of the research divided and categorized chairman Chong-Hee Kim’s life and managerial principle in the following order:(1) Social back ground at time of his birth (2) Elementary, middle and high school education in his teenage period (3) Business career begins (age 20-30) in his adolescent (4) 30s (age 31-40):president inauguration of the korea explosive founded, (currently Hanwha corp.explosive division), and his management his managerial growth process in his early adult life, in case, oct, 1952 korea explosive founded (gunpowder corp), oct, 1955 Incheon explosive plant acquired, jan,1959 all domestics industrial explosive suppled by korea explosives (5) 40s (age 41-50):his managerial revolution process in his middle the prime of the life, in case, Jan, 1964 Shinhan bearing industrial acquired, Nov, 1969 Kyungin energy established (6) 50s (age 51-59):genius management and establishment of the leading corporation in the Korean defense industrial and diversified management in his latter the prime of the life. In case, dec,1972, Hankook plastics industrial established, sept, 1974, union polymer established (currently Hanwha polydreamer), may 1975, Cheon-an Bukil foundation established, may 1976, sundo securities acquired (currently Hanwha securities). Next, the entrepreneurship through chairman Chong-Hee Kim’s managerial creed and ideology was examined. The 7 elements of Chong-Hee Kim’s new entrepreneurship of business patriotism that were examined are as follows : (1) Spirit of faithfulness (2) Spirit of challenge and pioneer (3) Responsibility for the fulfillment of obligation (4) Spirit of diligence and frugality (5) Spirit of rationalism for management (6) Spirit of creative and Innovation (7) Spirit of corporative social responsibility and service to society His entrepreneurship is based on the transformational leadership of rich humanity and management of righteousness, he is pioneer of schumpeter’s (J.A), and the creative entrepreneur who seeks for Innovation. The management philosophy of Hanwha (chong-hee, kim) is embedded in the Hanwha TRI circle ; the three circles Represent Trust, Respect and Innovation, respectively. They are the three pillars of how it’s conduct our business. Vision of Hanwha (chong-hee, kim) is just as committed being trustworthy, respected and Innovative as a responsible member of society as the Hanwha be to becoming dynamic global enterprise. As symbolized in the Hanwha TRI Circle, Trust, Respect and Innovation are core value as its interact with customer, serve our community and improve the everyday lives of people in general.

김재철 회장의 생애와 기업가정신 연구

김성수(Sung soo Kim) 한국경영사학회 2009 經營史學 Vol.50 No.-

이 논문의 목적은 “성실한 기업활동으로 사회정의 실현”과 “도전과 정도경영”에 바탕을 둔 동원그룹의 창업자 김재철 회장의 생애와 경영활동을 통한 기업가 정신(Entrepreneurship)을 발굴하는 데 있다. 김재철 회장은 1969년 34세때 동원산업(주)를 창업한 현재(2009년 4월)까지 40여년간 한국수산업계를 선도해온 창업자이면서 전문경영자(CEO)이며, 식품산업으로 시작하여 1차산업에서 2차산업으로 그리고 3차산업의 금융 및 서비스산업까지 사업다각화로 동원그룹을 세계적(Global)기업으로 발전시킨 창조적, 혁신주의 기업가이다. 이러한 동원그룹의 김재철 회장의 연구는 다음과 같은 네 가지의 중요성을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 동원그룹 창업자 김재철 회장의 생애와 경영이념을 고찰하여, 동원창업자의 Entrepreneurship을 발굴하여, 한국기업가사 연구의 체계적 정립을 마련하는 데 있다. 둘째, 동원 김재철 회장은 슘페터(J. A, Schumpeter)가 지적한 혁신적(Innovation) 경영활동을 적용해서 “동원경영학”의 정립을 체계화시키는 데 노력하고 있다는 점이다. 셋째, 대표적 수산업의 CEO 김재철 회장 경영활동을 통하여 “동원수산경영”의 발전과정을 경영사학계에 보급시키고자 하는 기초자료 제공에 있다. 넷째는 앞으로 해양수산업의 관리자 및 CEO가 되고자하는 청소년 및 대학생들에게 기업가 정신(Entrepreneurship)의 중요성을 인식케 하는 기초자료를 제공하는 데 있다. 본 논문은 경영사연구방법론을 채택하였다. 경영사의 개척자인 미국하버드 경영대학원(Harvard University, Graduate School of Business Administration=HBS) 경영사 교수인 그라스(Norman Scott Brien gras)와 챈들러(Alfred, D. Chandler)박사 등이 개발하고 활용하여 전 세계 학계에 보급한 ‘경영사연구방법론’을 도입하여 활용하였다. 이에 따라 동원의 김재철 회장이 추구하는 가치와 정신은 고객/주주 제일주의, 1등주의, 현금흐름주의 등이며, 21세기 그의 정신은 (1) 창조정신, (2) 열성정신, (3) 도전정신 등 ‘Candoism’으로 요약된다. 또한 그의 기본사상은 (1) from the basic(기본의 철저한 준수) (2) fact finding(현장주의 업무수행 자세) (3) global standard(국제수준의 업무품질) 등으로 나타났다. 그리고 성실한 기업 활동으로 사회정의 실현을 선도하는 가치는 (1)생활문화의 New Leader로서 위상을 향상시키는 사업가치 (2) 고객을 존중하고 만족시키며, 동원그룹을 창조기업으로 승화시키는 고객가치 (3) 1등주의 인재육성과 성과조직을 인적자원관리의 최우선으로 하는 인재가치 등을 확인할 수 있었다. This study was to highlight the entrepreneurship of chairman Jae-Chul Kim the founder of Dongwon Industries Co., Ltd, who carries the management principle which focuses on the devotion to under the realization of social justice, the function of the enterprise will be done in honesty and loyalty. Dongwon creates fresh and new experiences into the customers’ lives. it will be the prime company that leads the lifestyle culture in the 21st century. Also it aimed to revisit the life and the management principle of chairman Jae-Chul Kim who, with the new management, tried to found world’s first human corporation social responsibility. This study was mainly divided into two parts:literature-history research method and managerial history research method, and it analyzed the managerial accomplishment chronically according to the literature history documents, and managerial history method. this research took 8 months in which the document collecting process, writing process, and 7 party joint research processes were complete. The content of the research divided and categorized chairman Jae-Chul Kim’s life stages and managerial principles in the following order:(1) social back ground at the time of his birth (2) elementary, middle and high school education in his teenage period (3) university and establishment of oneself in life, one’s youth period is the time of adventure and daring (4) president inauguration and the foundation of the Dongwon Industries Co., Ltd and his management and his managerial growth process in his early adult life, (5) genius management and new experience creator-Dongwon group of the leading enterprise in the world in his latter adult life Next, the entrepreneurship through chairman Jae-Chul Kim’s managerial principle was examined. The 10 element of Jae-Chul Kim’s new the Entrepreneurship that were examined are as follows : (1) Spirit of a Sincerity and Credit (2) spirit of creativity and Innovation (3) spirit of earnestness (4) spirit of challenge and cultivation(development). (5) spirit of customer satisfaction (6) spirit of human respect (7) spirit of Justice (right) management (8) spirit of responsibility and autonomous(self-control) (9) spirit of stage management or artistic management (10) spirit of corporate social responsibilities. Dongwon corporation’s chairman Jae-Chul Kim carries the entrepreneurship principles such as (1) management that gives happiness to the customers (2) management that respects people (3) management that creates new value (4) living up to the fundamental principle (5) applying significance to even a small matter (6) challenging any new tasks, etc. His entrepreneurship is based on the righteous managerial spirit, known as “I need to be the challenge and innovation”, which aims to reflect the past and analyze today’s critical situation. especially his righteous managerial spirit is leading the Dongwon Group as the global corporation through Business ethics, humanity, innovation, etc. therefore, he is pioneer of Schumpeter’s(J.A), and the creative entrepreneur who seeks for innovation. He is reviewed as one of the greatest 21st century manager who carries these 6 characteristics:(1) artistic mind of stage management (2) positive mind (3) emphasis on self-changing (4) faith and trust (5) keeping endurance and rule (6) having courage not to be afraid of failure (7) emphasis on social contribution.

로터 증후군(Rotor's syndrome) 1례

김성수,박재옥,고은석,Kim, Sung Soo,Park, Jae Ock,Koh, Eun Suk 대한소아소화기영양학회 2004 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.7 No.2

Rotor's syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia with normal hepatic histology. It resembles Dubin-Johnson syndrome but the main differences are no dark brown pigmentation in the hepatic cells and visualization of the gallbladder in oral cholangiography. We experienced a 14 year-old male patient who had icteric sclerae and predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia when he was hospitalized for varicocelectomy. His liver biopsy specimen showed no dark brown pigmentation and any other pathologic abnormalities in the hepatic cells. Hepatobiliary scan shows no evidence of obstructive lesions. His urinary excretion of total coproporphyrin was markedly increased. 저자 등은 정계정맥류 수술을 위해 본원 비뇨기과에 입원한 14세 남아가 공막의 황달과 직접형 빌리루빈의 증가 소견을 보였고 간생검 등으로부터 로터 증후군으로 증명되어 참고문헌과 아울러 보고하는 바이다.

새로운 초기치 선정 방법을 이용한 향상된 EM 알고리즘

김성수,강지혜,Kim, Sung-Soo,Kang, Jee-Hye 한국지능시스템학회 2003 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.14 No.7

본 논문은 시스템 공학의 인식에 관련된 여러 분야에서 널리 쓰이는 클러스터링 기법인 Expectation-Maximization의 초기값 설정문제에 관하여 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 임의로 지정하는 랜덤한 초기치 선정 문제점을 지적하고, 새로이 제안하는 균등 영역 분할과 분할 된 데이터의 통계적 특성을 이용한 초기치 설정 방법을 사용한 새로운 EM 알고리즘을 제안한다. 일반적으로 EM에서 초기값 설정 방법으로 랜덤한 설정 방식의 약점을 보완하기 위하여 K-means 방법을 많이 사용하고 있다. 하지만, K-means 초기치 설정 방법도 근본적인 문제는 해결하지 못하고 있다. 이러한 문제의 하나의 해결 방안으로 논문이 제안한 균등 분할 및 통계적 특성을 이용한 초기치 선정의 방법을 EM 알고리즘에 적용하였다. 제안된 방법은 기존보다 EM 알고리즘의 특성을 극대화하는 방향으로 더 좋은 결과를 가져온다. 본 논문에서 제안된 알고리즘의 우수성을 제안한 초기치 선정 방법을 적용한 EM과 기존 EM의 시뮬레이션 결과를 비교 분석하여 그 우수성을 제시하였다. In this paper we propose a new method for choosing the initial values of Expectation-Maximization(EM) algorithm that has been used in various applications for clustering. Conventionally, the initial values were chosen randomly, which sometimes yields undesired local convergence. Later, K-means clustering method was employed to choose better initial values, which is currently widely used. However the method using K-means still has the same problem of converging to local points. In order to resolve this problem, a new method of initializing values for the EM process. The proposed method not only strengthens the characteristics of EM such that the number of iteration is reduced in great amount but also removes the possibility of falling into local convergence.

천막상부 뇌수막종 절제후 단기간에 발생한 두개인두종 - 증례보고 -

김성수,고용,이형중,김영수,오성훈,김광명,오석전,Kim, Sung Su,Ko, Yong,Yi, Hyeong Joong,Kim, Young Soo,Oh, Seong Hoon,Kim, Kwang Myung,Oh, Suck Jun 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.10

Authors experienced a unique case of craniopharyngioma which had evolved rapidly after 4 years of total resection for supratentorial meningioma. A 58-year-old woman presented with headache and visual deterioration. Previously, she had undertaken surgical removal of frontal convexity meningioma 4 years ago and had been well without any postoperative sequelae thereafter. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a newly developed suprasellar mass. Pertinent operative procedure was performed and histological verification was made as an adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. She has been showing unremarkable clinical course up to date. Possible pathogenic mechanisms of de novo development of craniopharyngioma are disscussed with review of case.

변형된 GA-SPW에 의한 OFDM의 새로운 PAPR 감소 기법

김성수,김명제,Kim, Sung-Soo,Kim, Myoung-Je 한국전자파학회 2006 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.17 No.11

OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 시스템은 다수 부반송파들의 중첩 현상으로 인해 PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) 문제를 가진다. 기존의 제안된 GA-SPW(Genentic-Sub-block Phase Weighting) 기법은 하나의 OFDM 심볼에서 부 블록 수를 증가시켜 PAPR 감소 성능을 향상시키고, 부 블록 수에 따라 지수적으로 증가하는 위상 탐색량을 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 개체군과 세대수에 고정시켜 감소시켰다. 본 논문에서는 더 적은 탐색량으로 주어진 부 블록에서 최적에 가까운 PAPR 감소 성능을 얻기 위해 기존의 GA-SPW 기법에 새로이 변형된 유전자 알고리즘을 적용한다. 제안된 기법의 성능과 계산량의 우수성을 모든 부 블록과 위상수에 따른 모든 탐색을 하는 일반적인 탐색 방법, iterative flipping그리고 기존의 GA-SPW와 시뮬레이션과 결과의 분석을 통하여 나타내었다. An OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system has the problem of the PAPR(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) due to the overlapping phenomena of many sub-carriers. The previously proposed GA-SPW(Genetic Sub-block Phase Weighting) method not only improved the reduction of PAPR as the number of sub-blocks increases in an OFDM symbol but also decreased the number of calculations involved in the iterative phase searching yields to depend on the number of population and generation by using genetic algorithm not on the number of sub-blocks and phase elements. In this paper, we propose the modified GA-SPW method in order to improve the performance and to decrease the complexity. It is shown that the proposed modified GA-SPW method achieves the significant performance and the reduction of search complexity comparing to the ordinary technique, iterative flipping and previously proposed GA-SPW by the experimental results and analysis.

梅軒 朴承稷과 蓮崗 朴斗秉의 生涯와 經營理念

Sung Soo Kim(金聖壽) 한국경영사학회 2002 經營史學 Vol.28 No.-

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the lives and management philosophy of Maeheon Seung-Jik Park, the founder of Doosan Group and Yonkang Doo-Byung Park, the first son of him. And the secondary purpose of this study is to examIne the lives and management philosophy of chairmen Soo-Chang Jung, Yong-Kan Park and Yong-Oh Park. Maeheon Seung-Jik Park is both a self-made and national entrepreneur who has constructed the foundation of establishment and development of Doosan Group, The commercial capItal that he has accomplished has been capitalized industrially by his son Doo-Byung Park to build Doosan Group. Doosan has been the root that has led the Korean business history of the last century and contributed to the formation of Korean national capital and economic development. In 1896, Maeheon Seung-Jik Park has started “Park Seung-Jik Sang lum”, from which the Korea first century-long enterprise has been grown by the active management activities of his son Doo-Byung Park, a professional manager Soo-Chang Jung, his grandsons Yang-Ken Park and Yong-Oh Park until 2000. Like this, Doosan could have grown during 100 years because of the unique management ideology and philosophy of the founder Maeheon Seung-Jik Park and Yonkang Doo-Byung Park, and the prominent entrepreneurial spirit from a professional manager Soo-Chang Jung to the third generations of Yong-Kon Park and Yong-Oh Park. First, that was the commercial spirit of Seung-Jik Park who has opened the founding period of Doosan, which has been based on the spirits of harmony among men, thrift and diligence, compromise, and national self-reliance. Furthermore, the management philosophy including harmony-first, thrift and diligence, honesty, cedit, royalty and filial piety, and Confucianism that has attached much importance to family line has been the final chance to achieve the management results. Second, the Chairman Yonkang Doo-Byung Park has succeeded in establishing the modern management system and changing the commercial capital into the industrial capital by following the will of his father, and contributed greatly to the construction of modern industrial foundation by establishing Doosan Group and dividing into capital and management. His management philosophy has been established into management of harmony among men, thrift and saving, honest management, creditable management, labor-employer harmony, customer satisfaction, and responsible management. Third, this has been supported by the management philosophy of professional manager Soo-Chang Jung, the third generation entrepreneur and chairman Yong-Kong Park, and the chairman Yong-Oh Park who has enforced restructuring successfully in entering upon the centennial anniversary of Doosan foundation. That is the very management principles of Doosan, which has become the 21st century management philosophy of Doosan; (1) Enterprise winning the love of customer, (2) Enterprise serving nation and people, (3) Enterprise fulfilling its social responsibility and (4) Enterprise with pride and self-confidence.

W-target 투과 양극형 Soft x-ray tube의 개발 및 특성분석

김성수,김도윤,Kim, Sung-Soo,Kim, Do-Yun 한국진공학회 2007 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.16 No.4

W-target 투과양극형 x-ray tube를 개발하고, 특성을 조사하였다. 관전압이 12kV이하에서는 연속 x-ray만 방출되었고, 12kV 이상에서부터 특성 x-ray가 관측되었다. 연속 x-ray와 특성 x-ray의 에너지 분포 및 선량 특성을 조사한 결과 알려진 결과와 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 상용화된 제품과의 비교에서, 기존 제품 이상의 성능을 가질 수 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 x-ray tube는 상용화할 수 있을 만큼 충분히 우수한 특성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. The x-ray transmission W-target tube was developed and its characteristics were evaluated. The continuous x-ray was emitted at the tube voltage less than 12kV, and the characteristic x-ray was emitted more than 12kV. From the measurement of the energy distribution and dose of x-ray, it was confirmed that our results are a good agreement with the blown ones. Moreover, in comparison with commercial x-ray tube, it was also found that the characteristics of our x-ray tube is better than the commercial one. Therefore we confirmed that the x-ray tube developed in this study is so good that it can be commercialized.

자율조직을 이용한 임의의 모양을 갖는 영역에서의 회로배치

김성수,경종민,Kim, Sung-Soo,Kyung, Chong-Min 대한전자공학회 1989 전자공학회논문지 Vol. No.

이 논문에서는 ASIC 칩의 설계도면에서 발생하는 임의의 모양을 갖는 영역에서의 효과적인 회로배치 방법인 SOAP (self-organization assisted placement) 를 제안한다. 자율조직이란 Kohonen[1]이 제안한 신경회로망의 학습방법으로 가까이 위치하고 있는 신경소자들이 물리적으로 유사한 외부입력에 민감하도록 소자에 연결된 시냅스 (synapse)의 가중치들을 조절하는 것이다. SOAP에서는 회로 블럭을 신경소자에 회로 블럭의 위치 (x, y좌표)를 해당 신경소자에 연결된 2개의 학습입력으로부터의 시냅스의 가중치 쌍으로 대응시킴으로써 임의의 영역에서의 좋은 회로 배치 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이 방법은 또한 입체 표면에서의 회로 배치에도 확장될 수 있다. In this paper, we present an effective circuit placement method called SOAP (self-organization assisted placement) for rectilinear or arbitrarily-shaped region arised form the layout of ASIC (application specific integrated circuit). Self-organization is a learning algorithm for neural networks proposed by [1] which adjusts weights of synapses connected to neurons such that topologically close neurons are sensitive to inputs that are physically similar. In SOAP, we obtain a good circuit placement result in arbitrarily-shaped region by replacing the block of circuit and the position (x, y coordinates) of the block with the neuron and the weight pair of synapses connected to the neuron, respectively. This method can also be extended to the circuit placement over the nonplanar surface.

Homolytic Reactions of Isonitriles

김성수,Sung Soo Kim Korean Chemical Society 1980 대한화학회지 Vol.24 No.3

여러종류의 자유라디칼들이 이소니트릴에 첨가되어 중간체인 imidoyl 자유라디칼 RN=CR'을 형성한다. 이것은 또한 imine으로부터 imidoyl hydrogen 을 떼어 내는 다음과 같은 반응에 의해서도 생성될 수 있다. RN=C(H)R' + R"${\cdot}{\rightarrow}$ RN=CR' + R"-H 중간체인 imidoyl 자유라디칼은 ${\beta}$-cleavage 및 aton transfer 반응을 통해서 안정된 분자를 형성한다. ${\beta}$-cleavage는 imidoyl 자유라디칼의 구조에 따라서 두개의 다른 방향으로의 반응이 가능하다. Cyanide transfer와 소위 말하는 정상적인 ${\beta}$-cleavage가 그러한 반응들이다. t-Butoxy 자유라디칼이 t-butylisonitrile 7에 첨가되면 중간체인 t-Bu-N=C-O-Bu-t가 생성되는데, 이것은 ${\beta}$-cleavage반응을 통해서 t-butylisocyanate와 t-butyl 자유라디칼을 형성한다. Phenyl 자유라디칼은 7에 첨가되어 중간체인 t-Bu-N=$C-C_6H_5$를 형성하는데 이것은 cyanide transfer 반응을 통해서 benzonitrile과 t-butyl 자유라디칼로 분해된다. 여기서 생성되는 t-butyl 자유라디칼은 다시 7에 첨가하여 intermediate인 자유라디칼 t-Bu-N=C-Bu-t을 형성하고, 이것은 다시 pivalonlonitrile과 t-butyl 자유라디칼로 분해되는데 이러한 반응이 반복되므로 radical chain isomerization을 일으킨다. Silyl 자유라디칼은 7에 첨가되어 t-Bu-N=$C-Si(CH_3)_3$를 형성하고, 이것은 cyanide transfer 반응을 거쳐서 다시 $(CH_3)_3$SiCN과 t-butyl 자유라디칼로 분해된다. Various radicals may add to isonitriles to give imidoyl radcals RN=CR'. This may be also generated via abstraction of imidoyl hydrogen from imine in the following manner: RN=CR' + R"${\cdot}{\rightarrow}$ RN=CR' + R"-H Imidoyl radicals would be stabilized via two pathways, ${\beta}$-cleavage and atom transfer reactions. ${\beta}$-Cleavage may occur in two directions depending upon structure of the radicals. Cyanide transfer and the "so-called" normal ${\beta}$-cleavage are the two modes of ${\beta}$-cleavage. Addition of t-butoxy radical to t-butyl isocyanide 7 generates an imidoyl radical t-Bu-N=C-O-Bu-t, which undergoes ${\beta}$-cleavage to give t-butyl isocyanate and t-butyl radical. Addition of phenyl radical to 7 forms the intermediate radical t-Bu-N=$C-C_6H_5$, which decomposes to give benzonitrile and t-butyl radical. The t-butyl radical generated from the ${\beta}$-cleavage adds to 7 giving the radical t-Bu-N=C-Bu-t, which cleaves only to pivalonitrile and t-butyl radical, inducing radical chain isomerization. Trimethylsilyl radical adds to 7 to give the intermediate t-Bu-N=$C-Si(CH_3)_3$, which collapses to $(CH_3)_3$SiCN and a t-butyl radical.