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Eom, Taeyong,Choi, Seol,Choi, Byung Joon,Lee, Min Hwan,Gwon, Taehong,Rha, Sang Ho,Lee, Woongkyu,Kim, Moo-Sung,Xiao, Manchao,Buchanan, Iain,Cho, Deok-Yong,Hwang, Cheol Seong American Chemical Society 2012 Chemistry of materials Vol.24 No.11
<P>Phase change random access memory appears to be the strongest candidate for next-generation high density nonvolatile memory. The fabrication of ultrahigh density phase change memory (≫1 Gb) depends heavily on the thin film growth technique for the phase changing chalcogenide material, most typically containing Ge, Sb and Te (Ge–Sb–Te). Atomic layer deposition (ALD) at low temperatures is the most preferred growth method for depositing such complex materials over surfaces possessing extreme topology. In this study, [(CH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>Si]<SUB>2</SUB>Te and stable alkoxy-Ge (Ge(OCH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>) and alkoxy-Sb (Sb(OC<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>) metal–organic precursors were used to deposit various layers with compositions lying on the GeTe<SUB>2</SUB>–Sb<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> tie lines at a substrate temperature as low as 70 °C using a thermal ALD process. The adsorption of Ge precursor was proven to be a physisorption type while other precursors showed a chemisorption behavior. However, the adsorption of Ge precursor was still self-regulated, and the facile ALD of the pseudobinary solid solutions with composition (GeTe<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>(1-x)</SUB>(Sb<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> were achieved. This chemistry-specific ALD process was quite robust against process variations, allowing highly conformal, smooth, and reproducible film growth over a contact hole structure with an extreme geometry. The detailed ALD behavior of binary compounds and incorporation behaviors of the binary compounds in pseudobinary solid solutions were studied in detail. This new composition material showed reliable phase change and accompanying resistance switching behavior, which were slightly better than the standard Ge<SUB>2</SUB>Sb<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>5</SUB> material in the nanoscale. The local chemical environment was similar to that of conventional Ge<SUB>2</SUB>Sb<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>5</SUB> materials.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2012/cmatex.2012.24.issue-11/cm300539a/production/images/medium/cm-2012-00539a_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm300539a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Eom, Sung-Hwan,Kang, Min-Seung,Kim, Young-Mog The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2008 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.11 No.1
In an effort to discover an alternative therapeutic agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), several medicinal plants and seaweeds were evaluated for its antibacterial activity against MRSA. A methanolic extract of the Phaeophyta Ecklonia stolonifera exhibited significant antibacterial activity against MRSA. To perform more detailed investigation on antibacterial activity, the methanol extract of E. stolonifera was further fractionated with organic solvents such as hexane, dimethylchloride, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. Among them, the hexane fraction showed the strongest antibacterial activity against MRSA strains with MIC from 500 to $600 {\mu}g/mL$. The fraction also exhibited a bactericidal activity against MRSA, indicating that E. stolonifera contains a bactericidal substance against MRSA.
Eom, Sung-Hwan,Jung, Yeoun-Joong,Lee, Dae-Sung,Yim, Mi-Jin,Kim, Hye Seon,Lee, Sang-Hoon,Myeong, Jeong-In,Lee, Jinhwan,Kim, Hyun-Woo,Kim, Kyoung-Ho PRAGATI PRESS- INDIA 2016 Journal of environmental biology Vol.37 No.1
<P>Traditional medicinal plants contain a wide variety of chemicals that have potent antibacterial activity. To find an alternative agent of overcoming the problems of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the antibacterial mechanism of Ponciruss trifoliata against MRSA was investigated. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble extract of P. trifoliata methanolic extract was evaluated for antibacterial activity using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). An EtOAc sub-fraction 08 (EA08) from silica-gel open column chromatography exhibited strong anti-MRSA activity. Apart from the study to isolate single compound from EA08, a synergistic antibacterial effect between the sub-fraction and beta-lactam antibiotics against MRSA was determined. In order to elucidate the antibacterial restoring mechanism of EA08 on MRSA, mRNA expression of mecA gene and production penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) encoded by mecA gene were monitored. EA 08 showed the strongest antibacterial activity with MIC value of 256 mu g ml(-1). MIC of oxacillin against MRSA was dramatically reduced from 512 to 16 mu g ml(-1) in combination with 256 mu g ml(-1) of EA08. The fractional inhibitory concentration index of oxacillin was measured at 0.53 in combination with EA08 against MRSA, suggesting that EA08-oxacillin combinations exert synergetic effect against MRSA. The analysis of RT-PCR and Western blotting profiles revealed that EA08 inhibited mRNA expression of mecA gene and production PBP2a, which is a key determinant for beta-lactam antibiotic resistance, in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that EA08 eventually led to the reduction or inhibition of PBP2a production through translational inhibition in MRSA.</P>
Current understanding of microbiota- and dietary-therapies for treating inflammatory bowel disease
Eom, Taekil,Kim, Yong Sung,Choi, Chang Hwan,Sadowsky, Michael J.,Unno, Tatsuya MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF KOREA 2018 JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY -SEOUL- Vol.56 No.3
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a result of chronic inflammation caused, in some part, by dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, mainly commensal bacteria. Gut dysbiosis can be caused by multiple factors, including abnormal immune responses which might be related to genetic susceptibility, infection, western dietary habits, and administration of antibiotics. Consequently, the disease itself is characterized as having multiple causes, etiologies, and severities. Recent studies have identified > 200 IBD risk loci in the host. It has been postulated that gut microbiota interact with these risk loci resulting in dysbiosis, and this subsequently leads to the development of IBD. Typical gut microbiota in IBD patients are characterized with decrease in species richness and many of the commensal, and beneficial, fecal bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and an increase or bloom of Proteobacteria. However, at this time, cause and effect relationships have not been rigorously established. While treatments of IBD usually includes medications such as corticosteroids, 5-aminosalicylates, antibiotics, immunomodulators, and anti-TNF agents, restoration of gut dysbiosis seems to be a safer and more sustainable approach. Bacteriotherapies (now called microbiota therapies) and dietary interventions are effective way to modulate gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize factors involved in IBD and studies attempted to treat IBD with probiotics. We also discuss the potential use of microbiota therapies as one promising approach in treating IBD. As therapies based on the modulation of gut microbiota becomes more common, future studies should include individual gut microbiota differences to develop personalized therapy for IBD.
Eom, Sung-Hwan,Moon, Sun-Young,Lee, Dae-Sung,Kim, Hyo-Jung,Park, Kunbawui,Lee, Eun-Woo,Kim, Tae Hoon,Chung, Yong-Hyun,Lee, Myung-Suk,Kim, Young-Mog The Korean Society of Phycology 2015 ALGAE Vol.30 No.3
This research was conducted to develop effective and safe marine-derived antiviral compounds against norovirus. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-extract from Eisenia bicyclis exhibited strong antiviral activity against murine norovirus (MNV) as a norovirus surrogate. Among the phlorotannins from E. bicyclis, dieckol (DE) and phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF) were known to possess the strongest antibacterial activity. In this study, DE and PFF were evaluated for antiviral activity against MNV. DE and PFF exhibited strong anti-MNV activity with 50% effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) of $0.9{\mu}M$. However, PFF exhibited more effective antiviral activity against MNV with higher selective index (668.87) than that of DE (550.60), due to its lower cell toxicity against RAW 264.7. This is the first report on the anti-MNV activity of phlorotannins from seaweed. The results obtained in this study suggest that the phlorotannins could be used as a potential source of natural antiviral agents.
Orbital floor defect caused by invasive aspergillosis: a case report and literature review
Sang Woo Han,Min Woo Park,Sug Won Kim,Minseob Eom,Dong Hwan Kwon,Eun Jung Lee,Jiye Kim 대한두개안면성형외과학회 2024 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.25 No.1
Fungal sinusitis is relatively rare, but it has become more common in recent years. When fungal sinusitis invades the orbit, it can cause proptosis, chemosis, ophthalmoplegia, retroorbital pain, and vision impairment. We present a case of an extensive orbital floor defect due to invasive fungal sinusitis. A 62-year-old man with hypertension and a history of lung adenocarcinoma, presented with right-side facial pain and swelling. On admission, the serum glucose level was 347 mg/dL, and hemoglobin A1c was 11.4%. A computed tomography scan and a Waters’ view X-ray showed right maxillary sinusitis with an orbital floor defect. On hospital day 3, functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed by the otorhinolaryngology team, and an aspergilloma in necrotic inflammatory exudate obtained during exploration. On hospital day 7, orbital floor reconstruction with a Medpor Titan surgical implant was done. In principle, the management of invasive sino-orbital fungal infection often begins with surgical debridement and local irrigation with an antifungal agent. Exceptionally, in this case, debridement and immediate orbital floor reconstruction were performed to prevent enophthalmos caused by the extensive orbital floor defect. The patient underwent orbital floor reconstruction and received intravenous and oral voriconazole. Despite orbital invasion, there were no ophthalmic symptoms or sequelae.