Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS type-1) in an Adolescent Following Extravasation of Dextrose Containing Fluid-an Underdiagnosed Case

Subedi, Asish,Bhattarai, Balkrishna,Biswas, Binay K.,Khatiwada, Sindhu The Korean Pain Society 2011 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.24 No.2

Due to its complex pathophysiology and wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of CRPS is often missed in the early stage by primary care physicians. After being treated by a primary care physician for 5 months for chronic cellulitis, a 16-year-old girl was referred to our hospital with features of type-1 CRPS of the right upper extremity. Inability to diagnose early caused prolonged suffering to the girl with all the consequence of CRPS. The patient responded well with marked functional recovery from multimodal therapy. Ability to distinguish CRPS from other pain conditions, referral for specialty care at the appropriate time and full awareness of this condition and its clinical features among various healthcare professionals are essential in reducing patient suffering and stopping its progression towards difficult-to-treat situations.

A New Cluster Head Selection Technique based on Remaining Energy of Each Node for Energy Efficiency in WSN

Subedi, Sagun,Lee, Sang-Il,Lee, Jae-Hee The Institute of Internet 2020 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.9 No.2

Designing of a hierarchical clustering algorithm is one of the numerous approaches to minimize the energy consumption of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this paper, a homogeneous and randomly deployed sensor nodes is considered. These sensors are energy constrained elements. The nominal selection of the Cluster Head (CH) which falls under the clustering part of the network protocol is studied and compared to Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. CHs in this proposed process is the function of total remaining energy of each node as well as total average energy of the whole arrangement. The algorithm considers initial energy, optimum value of cluster heads to elect the next group of cluster heads for the network as well as residual energy. Total remaining energy of each node is compared to total average energy of the system and if the result is positive, these nodes are eligible to become CH in the very next round. Analysis and numerical simulations quantify the efficiency and Average Energy Ratio (AER) of the proposed system.

A New LEACH Algorithm for the Data Aggregation to Improve the Energy Efficiency in WSN

Subedi, Sagun,Lee, Sangil,Lee, Jaehee The Institute of Internet 2018 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.10 No.2

In recent years, the utilization of the WSN have been rapid. Energy consumption of these networks must be as low as possible. LEACH algorithm is one of the clustering technique. We modify the traditional LEACH algorithm in such way that it will be capable to self-organize large number of nodes and for saving communication resources such as processing time and initiation time. The efficiency of the network highly depends on how the algorithm divides cluster area and selects cluster head. The proposed algorithm can be evaluated through the extensive simulation the result we obtained shows that the life time of a network is increased when energy load is distributed equally among the sensor.

Development of a Low-cost Industrial OCR System with an End-to-end Deep Learning Technology

Subedi, Bharat,Yunusov, Jahongir,Gaybulayev, Abdulaziz,Kim, Tae-Hyong Institute of Embedded Engineering of Korea 2020 대한임베디드공학회논문지 Vol.15 No.2

Optical character recognition (OCR) has been studied for decades because it is very useful in a variety of places. Nowadays, OCR's performance has improved significantly due to outstanding deep learning technology. Thus, there is an increasing demand for commercial-grade but affordable OCR systems. We have developed a low-cost, high-performance OCR system for the industry with the cheapest embedded developer kit that supports GPU acceleration. To achieve high accuracy for industrial use on limited computing resources, we chose a state-of-the-art text recognition algorithm that uses an end-to-end deep learning network as a baseline model. The model was then improved by replacing the feature extraction network with the best one suited to our conditions. Among the various candidate networks, EfficientNet-B3 has shown the best performance: excellent recognition accuracy with relatively low memory consumption. Besides, we have optimized the model written in TensorFlow's Python API using TensorFlow-TensorRT integration and TensorFlow's C++ API, respectively.

Sulforaphane-Enriched Broccoli Sprouts Pretreated by Pulsed Electric Fields Reduces Neuroinflammation and Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mouse Brain through Its Antioxidant Ability via Nrf2-HO-1 Activation

Subedi, Lalita,Cho, KyoHee,Park, Yong Un,Choi, Hyuk Joon,Kim, Sun Yeou Hindawi 2019 Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity Vol.2019 No.-

<P>Activated microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a key pathogenic role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and ischemia. Sulforaphane is an active compound produced after conversion of glucoraphanin by the myrosinase enzyme in broccoli (<I>Brassica oleracea</I> var) sprouts. Dietary broccoli extract as well as sulforaphane has previously known to mitigate inflammatory conditions in aged models involving microglial activation. Here, we produced sulforaphane-enriched broccoli sprouts through the pretreatment of pulsed electric fields in order to trigger the biological role of normal broccoli against lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia. The sulforaphane-enriched broccoli sprouts showed excellent potency against neuroinflammation conditions, as evidenced by its protective effects in both 6 and 24 h of microglial activation <I>in vitro</I>. We further postulated the underlying mechanism of action of sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts, which was the inhibition of an inflammatory cascade <I>via</I> the downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Simultaneously, sulforaphane-enriched broccoli sprouts inhibited the LPS-induced activation of the NF-<I>κ</I>B signaling pathway and the secretions of inflammatory proteins (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-<I>α</I>, IL-6, IL-1<I>β</I>, PGE2, etc.), which are responsible for the inflammatory cascades in both acute and chronic inflammation. It also upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in normal and activated microglia followed by the lowered neuronal apoptosis induced by activated microglia. Based on these results, it may exhibit anti-inflammatory effects via the NF-<I>κ</I>B and Nrf2 pathways. Interestingly, sulforaphane-enriched broccoli sprouts improved the scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice through Nrf2 activation, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis particularly through inhibition of caspase-3 activation which could lead to the neuroprotection against neurodegenerative disorders. The present study suggests that sulforaphane-enriched broccoli sprouts might be a potential nutraceutical with antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities.</P>

Genetically Engineered Resveratrol-Enriched Rice Inhibits Neuroinflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated BV2 Microglia Via Downregulating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling Pathway

Subedi, Lalita,Baek, So-Hyeon,Kim, Sun Yeou Hindawi 2018 Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity Vol.2018 No.-

<P>Resveratrol, a natural stilbenoid, is produced by several plants, especially grape vines. Its strong potency against obesity, metabolic disorders, vascular disease, inflammation, and various cancers has already been reported. Large amounts of wine or grapes need to be consumed to obtain the amount of resveratrol required for biological activity. Pure resveratrol at concentrations as low as 10 <I>μ</I>M induces cytotoxicity to normal cells. To overcome these limitations, we prepared genetically modified resveratrol-enriched rice (RR). We previously reported the strong antiaging potential of RR against ultraviolet B/reactive oxygen species-induced toxicity in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). As aging is characterized by neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, we further evaluated the role of RR against LPS-induced neuroinflammation. RR inhibited nitric oxide production and the expression of inflammatory proteins such as iNOS and COX-2. RR significantly modulated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, activator protein AP-1 signaling, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-<I>κ</I>B) mediated transcription of inflammatory proteins via inhibition of NF-<I>κ</I>B translocation, IkB phosphorylation, and proinflammatory cytokine productions such as interleukin IL-6, IL-1<I>β</I>, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-<I>α</I>), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). These findings show that the strong antineuroinflammatory effects of RR can be beneficial for aging-mediated neurodegenerative conditions as well as disorders of the central nervous system caused by neuroinflammation.</P>

센서네트워크의 라우팅 프로토콜에서 에너지 효율을 고려한 채널 선택 기법

Subedi, Sagun,Lee, Sang-Il 한국정보통신학회 2020 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.24 No.5

Energy Efficiency in any WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) is a critical issue to elongate the life of the batteries equipped in sensors. LEACH(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is one of the mostly used routing algorithms which reduce the amount of transmitted data and save the energy in the network. In this paper, a new technique to select channels in routing algorithms is suggested and compared with the LEACH, ALEACH and PEGASIS. This technique forms clusters depending upon the node density as the deployement of the nodes is random. As a result, the proposed algorithm presents the better performance of the energy efficiency than those of the current algorithms.

Corrigendum to “Resveratrol-Enriched Rice Attenuates UVB-ROS-Induced Skin Aging via Downregulation of Inflammatory Cascades”

Subedi, Lalita,Lee, Taek Hwan,Wahedi, Hussain Mustatab,Baek, So-Hyeon,Kim, Sun Yeou Hindawi 2018 Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity Vol.2018 No.-

Signaling Pathway for Endothelin-1- and Phenylephrine-Induced cAMP Response Element Binding Protein Activation in Rat Ventricular Myocytes: Role of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors and CaMKII

Subedi, Krishna P.,Son, Min-Jeong,Chidipi, Bojjibabu,Kim, Seong-Woo,Wang, Jun,Kim, Kyeong-Hee,Woo, Sun-Hee,Kim, Joon-Chul S. Karger AG 2017 CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY Vol.41 No.1

<P><B><I>Background/Aims:</I></B> Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and the α<Sub>1</Sub>-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (PE) activate cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor implicated in cardiac hypertrophy. The signaling pathway involved in CREB activation by these hypertrophic stimuli is poorly understood. We examined signaling pathways for ET-1- or PE-induced cardiac CREB activation. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> Western blotting was performed with pharmacological and genetic interventions in rat ventricular myocytes. <B><I>Results:</I></B> ET-1 and PE increased CREB phosphorylation, which was inhibited by blockade of phospholipase C, the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, protein kinase C (PKC) or Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> buffering decreased ET-1- and PE-induced CREB phosphorylation by ≥80%. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> pump inhibitor, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP<Sub>3</Sub>R) blockers, or type 2 IP<Sub>3</Sub>R (IP<Sub>3</Sub>R2) knock-out abolished ET-1- or PE-induced CREB phosphorylation. ET-1 and PE increased phosphorylation of CaMKII and ERK1/2, which was eliminated by IP<Sub>3</Sub>R blockade/knock-out or PKC inhibition. Activation of CaMKII, but not ERK1/2, by these agonists was sensitive to Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> buffering or to Gö6976, the inhibitor of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-dependent PKC and protein kinase D (PKD). <B><I>Conclusion:</I></B> CREB phosphorylation by ET-1 and PE may be mainly mediated by IP<Sub>3</Sub>R2/Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-PKC-PKD-CaMKII signaling with a minor contribution by ERK1/2, linked to IP<Sub>3</Sub>R2 and Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-independent PKC, in ventricular myocytes.</P>

Hsp31 of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K‐12 is glyoxalase III

Subedi, Krishna P.,Choi, Dongwook,Kim, Insook,Min, Bumchan,Park, Chankyu Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Molecular microbiology Vol.81 No.4

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Hsp31 encoded by <I>hchA</I> is known as a heat‐inducible molecular chaperone. Although structure studies revealed that Hsp31 has a putative catalytic triad consisting of Asp‐214, His‐186 and Cys‐185, its enzymatic function, besides weak amino‐peptidase activity, is still unknown. We found that Hsp31 displays glyoxalase activity that catalyses the conversion of methylglyoxal (MG) to <SMALL>d</SMALL>‐lactate without an additional cofactor. The glyoxalase activity was completely abolished in the <I>hchA</I>‐deficient strain, confirming the relationship between the <I>hchA</I> gene and its enzymatic activity <I>in vivo</I>. Hsp31 exhibits Michaelis–Menten kinetics for substrates MG with <I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB> and <I>k</I><SUB>cat</SUB> of 1.43 ± 0.12 mM and 156.9 ± 5.5 min<SUP>−1</SUP> respectively. The highest glyoxalase activity was found at 35–40°C and pH of 6.0–8.0, and the activity was significantly inhibited by Cu<SUP>2+</SUP>, Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> and Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>. Mutagenesis studies based on our evaluation of conserved catalytic residues revealed that the Cys‐185 and Glu‐77 were essential for catalysis, whereas His‐186 was less crucial for enzymatic function, although it participates in the catalytic process. The stationary‐phase <I>Escherichia coli</I> cells became more susceptible to MG when <I>hchA</I> was deleted, which was complemented by an expression of plasmid‐encoded <I>hchA</I>. Furthermore, an accumulation of intracellular MG was observed in <I>hchA</I>‐deficient strains.</P>