Zinc and Its Transporters in Epigenetics

Brito, Sofia,Lee, Mi-Gi,Bin, Bum-Ho,Lee, Jong-Soo Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2020 Molecules and cells Vol.43 No.4

Epigenetic events like DNA methylation and histone modification can alter heritable phenotypes. Zinc is required for the activity of various epigenetic enzymes, such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), and histone demethylases, which possess several zinc binding sites. Thus, the dysregulation of zinc homeostasis can lead to epigenetic alterations. Zinc homeostasis is regulated by Zinc Transporters (ZnTs), Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs), and the zinc storage protein metallothionein (MT). Recent advances revealed that ZIPs modulate epigenetics. ZIP10 deficiency was found to result in reduced HATs, confirming its involvement in histone acetylation for rigid skin barrier formation. ZIP13 deficiency, which is associated with Spondylocheirodysplastic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (SCD-EDS), increases DNMT activity, leading to dysgenesis of dermis via improper gene expressions. However, the precise molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Future molecular studies investigating the involvement of zinc and its transporters in epigenetics are warranted.

Pullulan과 Polysaccharides를 이용한 천연화장품용 필 오프 팩의 제조 및 특성

곽준수,정소영,이소민,이석주,Sofia Brito,차병선,허효진,Lei Lei,이상훈,조하현,천유연,김예지,김형묵,이미기,곽병문,빈범호 사단법인 대한화장품학회 2023 대한화장품학회지 Vol.49 No.1

In this study, for a natural cosmetics market, we sought to explore alternatives that can replace polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) of peel-off packs. A peel-off type pack was prepared by combining pullulan, a water-soluble polysaccharide, and other polysaccharides (sodium hyaluronate, cellulose gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, corn starch), and the pH, viscosity, and stability against temperature of each peel-off type pack were confirmed. The thickness and tensile strength of the manufactured film were measured for comparison with the PVA peel-off type pack, and applicability, drying speed, and removal degree were measured. Among them, the pullulan-sodium hyaluronate peel-off type pack showed excellent film formation ability to replace the peel-off type pack containing PVA with 5.12% thin film thickness and 4.23% high film tensile strength. When applied to actual skin, the degree of spread of the pack, the usability that can be uniformly applied, and the formation and removal strength of the film when removed after drying were also similar to the peel-off type pack containing PVA. Therefore, it was confirmed that the film formed of pullulan-sodium hyaluronate showed enough physical properties to replace the PVA of the peel-off type pack as a natural peel-off type pack. 본 연구에서는 천연 및 자연주의 화장품 시장에 대응하여 폴리비닐알코올(polyvinyl alcohol, PVA)을이용한 필 오프 팩을 대체할 수 있는 성분을 탐색하고자 하였다. 수용성 다당류인 풀루란(pullulan)과 기타다당류(sodium hyaluronate, cellulose gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, corn starch)와의 조합을 통한 필 오프 팩을 제조하였으며, 각 필 오프 팩의 pH와 점도, 온도별 안정도를 확인하였다. 제조한 필름의두께와 인장 강도를 측정하여 기존의 PVA 필 오프 팩과 비교하였으며, 피부에서의 도포성과 건조속도, 제거성을확인하였다. 그 중 pullulan-sodium hyaluronate 필오프 팩은 5.12% 얇은 두께와 4.23% 높은 필름 인장강도로 PVA 필 오프 팩을 대체할 수 있는 우수한 필름성을 보였다. 실제 피부에 적용 시 팩의 퍼짐 정도와 균일하게도포 가능한 사용성, 건조 후 제거 시 필름의 형성 및 제거 강도 평가 또한 PVA 필 오프 팩과 흡사한 수준을보였다. 이에 pullulan-sodium hyaluronate 필름은 천연 필 오프 팩으로 PVA 필 오프 팩을 대체할 수 있을정도의 물성을 보임을 확인하였다.

골든크로쿠스비늘줄기 추출물의 항산화 및 미백 효과

유경완,이소민,정소영,허효진,차병선,Sofia Brito,Lei Lei,이상훈,천유연,조하현,김예지,이미기,곽병문,빈범호 사단법인 대한화장품학회 2023 대한화장품학회지 Vol.49 No.1

In this study, Crocus chrysanthus (Herb.) Herb. bulb extracts were extracted by purified water and ethanol, and their antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activity were measured to see the possibility as a cosmetic material. The yield of the extracts was 1.8% to 6.0%, and the yield decreased as the ethanol concentration increased. DPPH free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity was high at 91.97% at 625 μg/mL of 70% ethanol extract. The total phenol content was also measured at 447 mg/g, higher than other extraction methods. The whitening effect was confirmed through in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity. As the ethanol concentration of the extracts increased, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity increased, and 70% and 94.5% ethanol extracts showed high inhibitory activity. Therefore, the Crocus chrysanthus (Herb.) Herb. bulb extracts confirmed its potential as a cosmetic material through antioxidant and whitening effects. 본 연구에서는 골든크로쿠스비늘줄기를 정제수와 에탄올 농도별로 추출을 하여 항산화 효능과 티로시나아제 저해 활성을 측정하고 기능성 화장품 원료로서의 가능성을 확인해 보았다. 추출물의 수율은 1.8 ~ 6.0%을얻었으며, 에탄올 용매의 농도가 증가할수록 수율은 감소하였다. 항산화 효능으로 DPPH free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) 소거 활성 분석한 결과 70% 에탄올 추출물 625 μg/mL에서 DPPH free radical 소거 활성이 91.97%로 높게 나타내었다. 총 페놀 함량에서도 447 mg/g으로 다른 추출 방법보다 높게측정되었다. 미백 효능은 in vitro의 tyrosinase 저해 활성을 통해 확인하였다. 추출물의 에탄올 농도가 높아질수록 tyrosinase 저해 활성은 증가하였고 70%와 94.5% 에탄올 추출물에서 높은 저해 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서골든크로쿠스비늘줄기 추출물은 항산화 및 미백 효과를 통해 화장품 소재로써의 가능성을 확인하였다.

A systematic exploration of ginsenoside Rg5 reveals anti-inflammatory functions in airway mucosa cells

Hyojin Heo,Yumin Kim,Byungsun Cha,Sofia Brito,Haneul Kim,Hyunjin Kim,Bassiratou M. Fatombi,So Young Jung,So Min Lee,Lei Lei,Sang Hun Lee,Geon-woo Park,Byeong-Mun Kwak,Bum-Ho Bin,Ji-Hwan Park,Mi-Gi Lee 고려인삼학회 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.1

쑥으로부터 유래된 나노입자의 화장품 제품 응용

정소영,강해란,유한준,최형,허효진,차병선,이소민,여혜림,강서정,이대엽,곽병문,이미기,빈범호,Jung, So Young,Kang, Hae-Ran,Yoo, Han Jun,Choi, Hyeong,Heo, Hyojin,Cha, Byungsun,Brito, Sofia,Lee, So Min,Yeo, Hye Lim,Kang, Seo Jeong,Lee, Dae Yeop 대한화장품학회 2021 대한화장품학회지 Vol.47 No.3

나노입자(nanoparticles)는 그 크기가 피부를 구성하는 세포보다 작다. 따라서 세포막을 통과하고 약물 또는 유전자를 전달하는 매개체로서의 역할에 매우 적합하며 특정 성분을 피부 속에 전달할 수도 있다. 본 연구에서는 쑥으로부터 나노입자를 추출하여 dynamic light scattering (DLS)를 통해 100 nm 전후 크기의 입자를 얻었음을 확인하였고, MTT assay를 통하여 섬유아세포에서 cell viability를 농도 의존적으로 증진시키는 결과를 얻었다. 또한, quantitative real time PCR 분석법을 통해서 COL1A1 mRNA 발현량을 증가시키고 IL-6 mRNA 발현량은 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 세포실험뿐 아니라 화장품 제형에서도 적용 가능하며, 안정함을 확인하였다. 최근 화장품 산업 동향에서 화학 성분을 배제하고 식물 유래 성분 수요가 지속적으로 높아지고 있는 반면, 식물에서 유래된 나노입자의 응용분야를 제시하는 연구 결과가 거의 없다는 한계가 있다. 따라서 현시점에서의 화장품 산업의 한계점을 극복하고자 본 연구를 통해 얻은 결과를 견주어 쑥으로부터 유래된 나노입자를 고기능성 화장품 소재로서 제시하고자 한다. Nanoparticles are substances that are smaller in size and smaller than cells that make up the skin. Therefore, they are very suitable as mediators for transmitting drugs or genes across cell membranes, and also deliver specific ingredients into the skin.In this study, nanoparticles were extracted from mugwort and particles of around 100 nm were obtained through dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the results of concentration-dependent enhancement of cell viability in fibroblasts were obtained through MTT assay. In addition, it was confirmed that the COL1A1 mRNA expression level was increased and the IL-6 mRNA expression level was decreased through the quantitative real-time PCR analysis method. Moreover, as these nanoparticles were confirmed to be stable, they can be applied not only to cell experiments but also to cosmetic formulations. While the demand for plant-derived ingredients continues to increase, excluding chemical ingredients from the recent cosmetics industry trend, there is a limitation in that there are few research results suggesting the application field of plant-derived nanoparticles. Therefore, in order to overcome the limitations of the cosmetic industry at the present time, the results obtained in this study present nanoparticles derived from Artemisia princeps (NDAP) as a highly functional cosmetic material.

Ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol induces cell death in human endometrial cancer cells via apoptosis

Hantae Jo,Dongmin Jang,Sun Kyu Park,Mi-Gi Lee,Byungsun Cha,Chaewon Park,Yong Sub Shin,Hyein Park,Jin-myoung Baek,Hyojin Heo,Sofia Brito,Hyun Gyu Hwan,Sehyun Chae,Shao-wei Yan,Changho Lee,Churl K. Min 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.1

Background: 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (20(S)-PPD), one of the aglycone derivatives of major ginsenosides, has been shown to have an anticancer activity toward a variety of cancers. This study was initiated with an attempt to evaluate its anti-cancer activity toward human endometrial cancer by cell and xenograft mouse models. Methods: Human endometrial cancer (HEC)-1A cells were incubated with different 20(S)-PPD concentrations. 20(S)-PPD cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected using the annexin V binding assay and cell cycle analysis. Cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and activated caspase-9 were assessed using western blotting. HEC-1A cell tumor xenografts in athymic mice were generated by inoculating HEC-1A cells into the flank of BALB/c female mice and explored to validate 20(S)-PPD anti-endometrial cancer toxicity. Results: 20(S)-PPD inhibited HEC-1A cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 3.5 μM at 24 h. HEC-1A cells morphologically changed after 20(S)-PPD treatment, bearing resemblance to Taxol-treated cells. Annexin V-positive cell percentages were 0%, 10.8%, and 58.1% in HEC-1A cells when treated with 0, 2.5, and 5 μM of 20(S)-PPD, respectively, for 24 h. 20(S)-PPD subcutaneously injected into the HEC-1A cell xenograft-bearing mice three times a week for 17 days manifested tumor growth inhibition by as much as 18% at a dose of 80 mg/kg, which sharply contrasted to controls that showed an approximately 2.4-fold tumor volume increase. These events paralleled caspase-9 activation and PARP cleavage. Conclusion: 20(S)-PPD inhibits endometrial cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell death via a caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway. Therefore, the 20(S)-PPD-like ginsenosides are endowed with ample structural information that could be utilized to develop other ginsenoside-based anticancer agents.

쌀겨오일의 안티폴루션 화장품 소재로써의 응용

강해란,정소영,허효진,차병선,이소민,여혜림,유경완,곽준수,곽병문,이미기,빈범호,Kang, Hae-Ran,Jung, So Young,Heo, Hyojin,Cha, Byungsun,Brito, Sofia,Lee, So Min,Yeo, Hye Lim,Yoo, Kyung Wan,Kwak, Jun Soo,Kwak, Byeong-Mun,Lee, Mi-Gi,Bin, B 대한화장품학회 2021 대한화장품학회지 Vol.47 No.3

미세먼지와 초미세먼지는 일반적으로 사람 머리카락의 두께에 비하여 각각 1/6 ~ 1/7, 1/20 ~ 1/30 정도로 매우 작은 부유성 먼지를 뜻하며, 다양한 종류의 중금속 이온이 내포되어 있다. 호흡뿐 아니라 피부의 모공 틈새를 통해서 유입된 미세먼지는 체내 조직과 피부 건강에 문제를 유발할 수 있기 때문에 유입을 막거나 깨끗이 씻어내어 제거해야 한다. 본 연구를 통해 Oryza sativa (Rice) bran oil (OSBO, 쌀겨오일)을 이용하면 중금속 이온을 흡착하여 제거할 수 있을 것이라는 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한, 세포독성 실험을 통해 세포 생존율이 곡물 유래 성분과 비교했을 때에도 월등히 높아 외부 자극원에 대한 세포 보호 효과를 기대할 수 있다. COL1A1 mRNA의 발현량이 높아짐을 확인하였고, 이에 따라 미세먼지 속 중금속 이온에 의해 손실된 수분으로 유발될 수 있는 주름을 완화할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 이러한 실험 결과를 바탕으로 최종적으로 중금속 제거를 위한 워시-오프 제형의 OSBO 함유 화장품을 제시하고자 하였다. Particulate matter and ultra-particle matters generally refer to very small floating dust, such as 1/6 to 1/7 and 1/20 to 1/30, respectively, compared to the thickness of human hair, and contain various types of heavy metal ions. In addition to breathing, particle matters (PM) that flows in through the gaps in the pores of the skin can induce health problems in the body's tissues and skin, so it must be removed by blocking the inflow or by washing. Through this study, we confirmed the possibility that heavy metal ions can be adsorbed and removed by using Oryza sativa (Rice) bran oil (OSBO). In addition, the cell viability is much higher than that of grain-derived components through cytotoxicity experiments, and the cytoprotective effect of an external stimulus source can be expected. It was confirmed that the expression amount of COL1A1 mRNA increased, and accordingly, it was believed that wrinkles that might be caused by moisture lost by heavy metal ions in fine dust could be alleviated. Based on the results of these experiments, we tried to present a cosmetics containing OSBO, which is a wash-off formulation, in order to finally remove heavy metals.

해송자 오일의 피부 항노화 및 주름 개선 효과

김형묵,김태준,임동빈,하순봉,김이화,차병선,허효진,소피아브리토,이용문,빈범호,곽병문,Kim, Hyung-Mook,Kim, Tae-Jun,Im, Dong-bin,Ha, Sun-Bong,Kim, Ee-Hwa,Cha, Byung-Sun,Heo, Hyo-Jin,Brito, Sofia,Lee, Yong-Moon,Bin, Bum-Ho,Kwak, Byeong-Mun 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2021 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigated the anti-aging and anti-wrinkles effects of the pinus koreaiensis seed(PKS) oil. Methods : The anti-oxidant effect was performed by beta-carotene bleaching assay and the intracellular proteome was analyzed expression of each 15 proteins by 2-D electrophoresis. And fatty acid was analysed by gas chromatography. Anti-wrinkle effect was analyzing human skin by the PRIMOS system. Results : Fatty acid analysis of PKS oil has shown oleic acid was 49.7% and linoleic acid was 34.1%. And the antioxidant effect was about 125% compared with alpha-tocoperol(0.1%) by beta carotene bleaching assay. In 2D PAGE analysis, fifteen protein changes in five mechanisms which was collagen synthesis pathway, MMPs, ECM-cell interaction, cytokine, antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. In case of anti-wrinkle effect was proved in vivo by analyzing human skin by the PRIMOS system. The analysis results of eye wrinkles for 4 weeks showed an improvement effect of over 6%. Conclusions : In this study, the amount of protein change in the five mechanism through the cell experiment and the skin anti wrinkle efficacy by the human in vivo test were investigated. As a result pinus koreaiensis seed oil by supercritical extraction could be used as a anti-aging and anti-wrinkle substance for the skin.