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An anatomical study of the lingual nerve in the lower third molar area
Shogo Kikuta,Joe Iwanaga,Jingo Kusukawa,R,Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.2
The lingual nerve (LN) is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, and its injury is one of the major complications during oral surgery. This study aims to investigate the anatomy of the LN in the lower third molar area. Twenty sides from ten fresh-frozen adult cadaveric Caucasian heads were examined to measure the diameter of the LN. The mean diameter of the LN was 2.20±0.37 mm (range, 1.61–2.95 mm). There were no statistically significant differences in the measurements between sexes, sides, or tooth status (dentulous or edentulous). Understanding the anatomical features of the LN is essential for performing any surgical procedure in the oral region.
Shogo Kikuta,Skyler Jenkins,Jingo Kusukawa,Joe Iwanaga,Marios Loukas,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.3
The ansa cervicalis is a neural loop in the neck formed by connecting the superior root from the cervical spinal nerves (C1–2) and the inferior root descending from C2–C3. It has various anatomical variations and can be an important acknowledgment in specific operations of the neck region. This is a review the anatomy, variations, pathology and clinical applications of the ansa cervicalis.
Triangles of the neck: a review with clinical/surgical applications
Shogo Kikuta,Joe Iwanaga,Jingo Kusukawa,R,Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.2
The neck is a geometric region that can be studied and operated using anatomical triangles. There are many triangles of the neck, which can be useful landmarks for the surgeon. A better understanding of these triangles make surgery more efficient and avoid intraoperative complications. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the triangles of the neck and their clinical and surgical applications.
The supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves for ipsilateral corneal neurotization: anatomical study
Shogo Kikuta,Bulent Yalcin,Joe Iwanaga,Koichi Watanabe,Jingo Kusukawa,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2020 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.53 No.1
Neurotrophic keratitis is a rare corneal disease that is challenging to treat. Corneal neurotization (CN) is among the developing treatments that uses the supraorbital (SON) or supratrochlear (STN) nerve as a donor. Therefore, the goal of this study was to provide the detailed anatomy of these nerves and clarify their feasibility as donors for ipsilateral CN. Both sides of 10 fresh-frozen cadavers were used in this study, and the SON and STN were dissected using a microscope intra- and extraorbitally. The topographic data between the exit points of these nerves and the medial and lateral angle of the orbit were measured, and nerve rotation of these nerves toward the ipsilateral cornea were attempted. The SON and STN were found on 19 of 20 sides. The vertical and horizontal distances between the exit point of the SON and that of the STN, were 7.3±2.1 mm (vertical) and 4.5±2.3 mm, respectively. The mean linear distances between the medial angle and the exit points of each were 22.2±3.0 mm and 14.5±1.9 mm, respectively, and the mean linear distances between the lateral angle and the exit points of the SON and STN were 34.0±2.7 mm and 36.9±2.5 mm, respectively. These nerves rotated ipsilaterally toward the center of the orbit easily. A better understanding of the anatomy of these nerves can contribute to the development and improvement of ipsilateral CN.
A multiply split femoral nerve and psoas quartus muscle
T. L. Wong,Shogo Kikuta,Joe Iwanaga,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.2
The femoral nerve is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus. It is normally composed of the ventral rami of spinal nerves L2 to L4. The psoas major has proximal attachments onto the T12 to L5 vertebrae and related intervertebral discs, fuses with the iliacus deep to the inguinal ligament and then attaches onto the lesser trochanter of the femur. Normally, the anatomical relationship is that the femoral nerve is located between the iliacus and psoas major. Herein, we report a case of the psoas quartus muscle related to several splits of the femoral nerve within the pelvis. Although the embryology for this is unclear, surgeons and physicians should be aware of such anatomical variants in order to better understand pain and entrapment syndromes and during surgical maneuvers in this region such as lateral transpsoas approaches to the lumbar spine.
Variant anatomy of the buccal nerve
Mayank Patel,Joe Iwanaga,Shogo Kikuta,Rod J. Oskouian,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.1
Knowledge of the anatomy and variations of the nerves of the oral cavity is important to surgeons who operate this region. Herein, we report a rare case of a buccal nerve with two distinct roots. The anatomy of this case and its clinical applications is discussed.
Stafne bone cavity: a rare cadaveric case report
Joe Iwanaga,Joe Iwanaga,T. L. Wong,Shogo Kikuta,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.3
The Stafne bone cavity (SBC), also called the static bone cavity, salivary inclusion cyst, latent cyst, and lingual bone defect is an asymptomatic bony defect that is commonly located inferior to the mandibular canal and slightly above the inferior border of the mandible. It is rare to see the actual bony defect in the cadaver because of its relatively low incidence of 0.1% to 6.06%. We report a unilateral SBC found in a 76-year-old at death male Caucasian cadaver and involving the right mandible. The SBC was oval in shape with a smooth surface and measured 10.8×6.0 mm. The SBC was continuous with the right mylohyoid groove. Since actual photographs of the SBC are lacking in the literature, this report might provide additional insight for better understanding the SBC.
Extended crossing fibers of the mentalis muscle attaching to the contralateral mandible
Joe Iwanaga,Mi-Sun Hur,Shogo Kikuta,Soichiro Ibaragi,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2021 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.54 No.4
Fibers of the facial muscles occasionally extend, cross the midline, and connect to surrounding structures on the contralateral side, perhaps enabling the mouth to make more delicate movements and generate more facial expressions. This case report describes a variant in which the extended fibers of the mentalis crossed the midline and indicates the relationship of these fibers to the surrounding structures. Some of the deepest fibers of the mentalis descended inferomedially and crossed transversely just below the chin prominence to attach to the periosteum of the mandible on the contralateral side. The variation presented in this study shed light on the interactions of the mentalis with the surrounding muscles.