Comparative genomics of canine Lactobacillus reuteri reveals adaptation to a shared environment with humans

Seungwoo Son,오재돈,Sung Ho Lee,Donghyun Shin,Yangseon Kim 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.9

Background Lactobacillus reuteri is a gram-positive, non-motile bacterial species that has been used as a representative microorganism model to describe the ecology and evolution of vertebrate gut symbionts. Objective Because the genetic features and evolutionary strategies of L. reuteri from the gastrointestinal tract of canines remain unknown, we tried to construct draft genome canine L. reuteri and investigate modifed, acquired, or lost genetic features that have facilitated the evolution and adaptation of strains to specifc environmental niches by this study. Methods To examine canine L. reuteri, we sequenced an L. reuteri strain isolated from a dog in Korea. A comparative genomic approach was used to assess genetic diversity and gain insight into the distinguishing features related to diferent hosts based on 27 published genomic sequences. Results The pan-genome of 28 L. reuteri strains contained 7,369 gene families, and the core genome contained 1070 gene families. The ANI tree based on the core genes in the canine L. reuteri strain (C1) was very close to those for three strains (IRT, DSM20016, JCM1112) from humans. Evolutionarily, these four strains formed one clade, which we regarded as C1-clade in this study. We could investigate a total of 32,050 amino acid substitutions among the 28 L. reuteri strain genomes. In this comparison, 283 amino acid substitutions were specifc to strain C1 and four strains in C1-clade shared most of these 283 C1-strain specifc amino acid substitutions, suggesting strongly similar selective pressure. In accessory genes, we could identify 127 C1-clade host-specifc genes and found that several genes were closely related to replication, recombination, and repair. Conclusion This study provides new insights into the adaptation of L. reuteri to the canine intestinal habitat, and suggests that the genome of L. reuteri from canines is closely associated with their living and shared environment with humans.

Complete genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of Lactobacillus acidophilus C5 as a potential canine probiotics

( Seungwoo Son ),( Raham Lee ),( Seung-moon Park ),( Sung Ho Lee ),( Hak-kyo Lee ),( Yangseon Kim ),( Donghyun Shin ) 한국축산학회 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.6

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a gram-positive, microaerophilic, and acidophilic bacterial species. L. acidophilus strains in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other animals have been profiled, but strains found in the canine gut have not been studied yet. Our study helps in understanding the genetic features of the L. acidophilus C5 strain found in the canine gut, determining its adaptive features evolved to survive in the canine gut environment, and in elucidating its probiotic functions. To examine the canine L. acidophilus C5 genome, we isolated the C5 strain from a Korean dog and sequenced it using PacBio SMRT sequencing technology. A comparative genomic approach was used to assess genetic relationships between C5 and six other strains and study the distinguishing features related to different hosts. We found that most genes in the C5 strain were related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism. The pan-genome of seven L. acidophilus strains contained 2,254 gene families, and the core genome contained 1,726 gene families. The phylogenetic tree of the core genes in the canine L. acidophilus C5 strain was very close to that of two strains (DSM20079 and NCFM) from humans. We identified 30 evolutionarily accelerated genes in the L. acidophilus C5 strain in the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) analysis. Five of these thirty genes were associated with carbohydrate transport and metabolism. This study provides insights into genetic features and adaptations of the L. acidophilus C5 strain to survive the canine intestinal environment. It also suggests that the evolution of the L. acidophilus genome is closely related to the host’s evolutionary adaptation process.

Controllable layer by layer plasma etching for hexagonal Boron Nitride

Seungwoo Son,Hyo Ki Hong,Gyeong Hee Ryu,Hyo Ju Park,Zonghoon Lee 한국표면공학회 2013 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2013 No.11

Optimal Offer Strategies for Energy Storage System Integrated Wind Power Producers in the Day-Ahead Energy and Regulation Markets

Seungwoo Son,Sini Han,Jae Hyung Roh,Duehee Lee 대한전기학회 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.6

We make optimal consecutive offer curves for an energy storage system (ESS) integrated wind power producer (WPP) in the co-optimized day-ahead energy and regulation markets. We build the offer curves by solving multi-stage stochastic optimization (MSSO) problems based on the scenarios of pairs consisting of real-time price and wind power forecasts through the progressive hedging method (PHM). We also use the rolling horizon method (RHM) to build the consecutive offer curves for several hours in chronological order. We test the profitability of the offer curves by using the data sampled from the Iberian Peninsula. We show that the offer curves obtained by solving MSSO problems with the PHM and RHM have a higher profitability than offer curves obtained by solving deterministic problems.

Optimal Offer Strategies for Energy Storage System Integrated Wind Power Producers in the Day-Ahead Energy and Regulation Markets

Son, Seungwoo,Han, Sini,Roh, Jae Hyung,Lee, Duehee The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.6

We make optimal consecutive offer curves for an energy storage system (ESS) integrated wind power producer (WPP) in the co-optimized day-ahead energy and regulation markets. We build the offer curves by solving multi-stage stochastic optimization (MSSO) problems based on the scenarios of pairs consisting of real-time price and wind power forecasts through the progressive hedging method (PHM). We also use the rolling horizon method (RHM) to build the consecutive offer curves for several hours in chronological order. We test the profitability of the offer curves by using the data sampled from the Iberian Peninsula. We show that the offer curves obtained by solving MSSO problems with the PHM and RHM have a higher profitability than offer curves obtained by solving deterministic problems.

Investigation of the Microstructure of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welded Boron Steel

Son, Seungwoo,Lee, Young Ho,Choi, Dong-Won,Cho, Kuk-Rae,Shin, Seung Man,Lee, Youngseog,Kang, Seong-Hoon,Lee, Zonghoon Springer-Verlag 2018 JOM Vol.70 No.8

인공지능 창작물의 저작권 보호

손승우(Son, Seungwoo) 한국정보법학회 2017 정보법학 Vol.20 No.3

디지털 연결성과 고도화된 ICT 기술을 기반으로 한 제4차 산업혁명은 새로운 저작물의 출현을 가능하게 하였다. 그중 인공지능(Artificial Intelligence, AI)은 딥러닝(deep learning) 기술을 기반으로 스스로 학습하고 인지추론을 할 수 있다는 점에서 기존의 기계들과 다르다. 인공지능 기술은 발전 단계에 따라 창작성, 가용성, 다양성 등에서 차이는 있으나 음악, 미술, 게임, 디자인, 소설, 신문기사 등 다양한 분야에서 인간이 아닌 주체로서 창작물을 만들어내고 있다. 인공지능 창작은 인간이 창작에 직접적으로 관연하지 않는다는 점에서 기존 지식재산권 보호의 사각지대에 놓여있어 새로운보호 체계에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 인공지능 창작물에 대한 저작권 보호에 대한 논의는 일본과 EU를 중심으로 이루어지고 있으며, 특히 일본 지식재산전략본부가 2016년 4월 8일 인공지능 보고서를 발표하였다. 이 논문은 일본의 인공지능 보고서를 중점적으로 분석하고, 이에 더해 인공지능 창작물의 저작권 보호 방안을 제시한다. 우선 인공지능 기술의 발전은 향후 다양한 창작물이 대량으로 출현할 것이 예견되는데, 만일 배타적 권리를 부여할 경우 독점화 심화로 인한 부작용이 우려된다. 그러나 다른 한편으로 인공지능에 대한 투자를 유도하기 위한 저작권 보호의 요구가 증대되고 있어 찬반논의의 조화로운 접근이 필요하다. 이 논문은 현존하는 인공지능 산업에 대한 투자 회수를 보호하고자 할 경우에도 매우 낮은 수준의 보호가 타당하다고 주장한다. 예를 들면, 인공지능 창작물에 대해 ‘약한 저작권 보호(Thin copyright protection)’이론을 적용하여 침해의 구성요소로서 ‘실질적 유사성(substantial similarity)’이 아닌 ‘현저한 유사성(striking similarity)’을 요건으로 정하고, 구제에 있어서도 형사처벌은 배제할 것을 제안하고 있다. 또한 인공지 능 창작물과 인간의 창작물을 구별하기 위하여 새로운 등록제도와 표시제도의 도입을 고민하여야 하며, 보호기간도 5년 정도의 단기로 설정할 것을 주장한다. 나아가 비록 침해에 해당한다고 하더라도 그 사용의 금지보다는 보상금 지급을 전제로 한 사용 허락의 방안도 고려해 볼 것을 제안한다. The fourth industrial revolution, based on digital connectivity and sophisticated ICT technology, enabled the emergence of new works. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is different from conventional machines in that it is able to learn and do cognitive reasoning based on deep learning techniques. Although AI technology differs in terms of creativity, availability, and diversity according to the stage of development, AI is creating creativity as a non-human subject in various fields such as music, art, game, design, novel and newspaper article. AI creation lies in the blind spot of protection of existing intellectual property rights in that human beings are not directly involved in creation, and the demand for a new protection system is increasing. Discussions on the copyright protection of AI creations are centered on Japan and the EU. In particular, the Japan Intellectual Property Strategy Headquarters issued the Artificial Intelligence Report on April 8, 2016. This paper focuses on the AI report of Japan and presents a new approach for copyright protection of AI creation. First of all, the development of AI technology is expected to produce a large number of various creative works in the future. If an exclusive right is given, it is worried about side effects due to intensification of monopolization. On the other hand, the need for copyright protection to induce investment in AI is increasing, and a harmonious approach to the pros and cons is needed. This paper argues that a very low level of protection is valid even when protecting the return on investment in existing AI industries. For example, applying ‘Thin copyright protection’ theory to AI creations, the ‘striking similarity’ rather than ‘substantial similarity’ as a component of infringement is defined as a requirement. It is suggested that criminal punishment should be excluded even in relief. In addition, to distinguish between AI creations and human’s, it is necessary to consider the introduction of new registration and labeling systems. This paper also argues that it is appropriate to set the protection period to a short term of about 5 years. Furthermore, even if it is an infringement, it is suggested to consider the possibility of using permission based on the payment of compensation rather than the prohibition of the use.

다단계 확률론적 계획법과 점진적 회피 알고리즘을 이용한 에너지저장장치 최적 동작에 관한 연구

손승우(Seungwoo Son),정계명(Kyemyung Jung),김기수(Gi Soo Kim),이두희(Duehee Lee) 대한전기학회 2019 전기학회논문지 Vol.68 No.12

We propose an optimal operation strategy for energy storage system (ESS) owners in the virtual hour-ahead (HA) electricity market by solving the multi-stage stochastic optimization (MSSO) model, which can find the most profitable decisions for step-wise operations while considering uncertain situations. For example, the owners can maximize their profits by charging the ESS when the electricity price is low and discharging the ESS when the electricity price is high in response to fluctuating hourly electricity prices. In this process, the ESS requires step-wise decisions since the current decision on the ESS depends on the current charged energy, which also depends on previous decisions. The MSSO model can determine the optimal step-wise decisions by considering subsequent ESS operations based on many possible future electricity price scenarios. Simultaneously, a progressive hedging algorithm (PHA) is proposed to quickly and efficiently solve the problem of the MSSO model with many scenarios by decomposing the problem into subproblems for each scenario and solving subproblems in parallel. Finally, we verify that the four-stage stochastic optimization model results in higher profits in the HA electricity market than deterministic multi-stage and two-stage stochastic optimization models.

Hanyang Univ. Erica Campus Map

손승우(Seungwoo Son) 한국디자인학회 2016 한국디자인학회 국제초대전도록 Vol.2016 No.12

“특허신탁 관리제도”에 관한 법적 고찰

손승우 ( Seungwoo Son ),전응준 ( Eung-jun Jeon ) 한국지식재산연구원 2008 지식재산연구 Vol.3 No.2

A patent trust is an arrangement whereby the patent rights as property is managed by a organization(trustee) for the benefit of another. When a patent trust is created by a trustor, who entrusts some or all of his or her patent rights to a trustee, the trustee holds legal title to the trust property, but it is obliged to hold the property for the benefit of the grantor. The trustee owes a fiduciary duty to the beneficiaries, who are the beneficial owners of the trust property. The trust of intellectual property(IP) came to be legalized by 「the Trust Business Act」 amended in 2005 newly adding IP to its trustable asset list. In addition, in January of 2008, the Korean government amended 「the Technology Transfer & Commercialization Promotion Act(“TTCPA”)」 to adopt “a Patent Trust Management System” to promote the utilization of “sleeping patents(non-use of patents for a long time)” owned by universities, research institutes, and corporations. The organizations who want to operate the patent trust management system should obtain a permission from the Minister of Knowledge Economy. However, there is also a skeptical perspective on the new patent trust system because not only a domestic market for technology transaction is still immature, but the new system much focuses on the sleeping patents rather than superior technology, and the patent trust agent should be non-commercial. These problems make the newly adopted system difficult to pursue maximizing the value of IP rights. Therefore, this paper suggests that the scope of patent trust property should be extended and modified the current approach so that a trustee is able to manage IP asset for maximum return through various ways including strategic litigation, licensing, etc. It also examines major issues on the new amendment of the TTCPA, and provides a few of alternative solutions to promote the patent trust system.