암모니아 및 아질산성 질소 산화세균의 분리 및 특성

이용석,유주순,정수열,박춘수,최용락 한국농화학회 2003 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.46 No.1

본 연구는 폐수 중의 질소 제거를 위한 생물학적 처리용 미생물 개발을 위한 목적으로 질소의 산화 능력이 뛰어난 균주를 분리하였다. 분리된 세균 중에서 질소 산화능과 생육 속도가 뛰어난 CH-N 균주를 선별하였으며, 생리, 생화학적인 특성 조사에 의해 Bacillus sp로 추정되어 Bacillus sp. CH-N이라 명명하였다. 분리 균주는 0.5% glucose가 포함된 초기 pH가 7.0인 암모니아 및 아질산성 질소 함유 배지에서 30시간 배양 후 가가 85%와 90%의 암모니아성과 아질산성 질소가 단시간에 질소의 감소율을 나타내었다. 폐수 및 생활하수에 분리 균주를 이용한 결과, 수질 속의 암모니아성 질소가 단시간에 크게 감소시키는 효과를 확인하였다. 균주를 고정시킨 담체의 질소산화 효과를 시험하고자 Bacillus sp. CH-N을 고정시킨 세라믹 담체를 이용한 결과, 배양 2일 후에는 암모니아성 질소가 전부 제거되었다. In order to improve the system for biological nitrogen oxidizing process in sewage and wastewater, a bacterium having high abilities to oxidize of nitrogen was isolated from wastewater and polluted soils. The strain was identified to Bacillus sp. CH-N, based on the physiological and biochemical properties. Characteristics and oxidizing ability of both ammonia and nitrite were examined for the strain, Bacillus sp. CH-N. The strain showed the oxidizing rate about 80% to 90% on the sewage and wastewater after 48 h culture. The nitrogen oxidizing rate was increased in proportion to the initial concentration of glucose. The microorganism, Bacillus sp. CH-N cell immobilized on ceramic carrier were evaluated for the oxidation of ammonia in culture media.

Airborne Nicotine Concentrations in the Workplaces of Tobacco Farmers

Yoo, Seok-Ju,Park, Sung-Jun,Kim, Byoung-Seok,Lee, Kwan,Lim, Hyun-Sul,Kim, Jik-Su,Kim, In-Shik The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2014 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.47 No.3

Objectives: Nicotine is a natural alkaloid and insecticide in tobacco leaves. Green tobacco sickness (GTS) is known as a disease of acute nicotine intoxication among tobacco farmers. Until now, GTS has been recognized globally as a disease that results from nicotine absorption through the skin. However, we assumed that GTS might also result from nicotine inhalation as well as absorption. We aimed to measure the airborne nicotine concentrations in various work environments of Korean tobacco farmers. Methods: We measured the nicotine concentrations in the tobacco fields, private curing barns, and joint curing barns of farmers from July to October 2010. All sampling and analyses of airborne nicotine were conducted according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health manual of analytic methods. Results: The airborne nicotine concentrations (geometric mean [geometric standard deviation]) in the tobacco field were $83.4mg/m^3$ (1.2) in the upper region and $93.3mg/m^3$(1.2) in the lower region. In addition, the nicotine concentration by personal sampling was $150.1mg/m^3$. Similarly, the nicotine concentrations in the private curing barn, workers in curing barns, the front yard of the curing barn, and in the joint curing barn were $323.7mg/m^3$(2.0), $121.0mg/m^3$(1.5), $73.7mg/m^3$(1.7), and $610.3mg/m^3$(1.0), respectively. Conclusions: The nicotine concentration in the workplaces of tobacco farmers was very high. Future studies should measure the environmental concentration of nicotine that is inhaled by tobacco farmers.

Analysis of the Change of Health Status Among the Republic of Korea Air Force Soldiers During Military Service

Yoo, Seok-Ju,Park, Won-Ju,Lee, Kwan,Lim, Hyun-Sul,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Lee, Suk-Ho The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2014 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.47 No.4

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the health status of Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF) soldiers changed after one year of military service. Methods: We selected 483 ROKAF soldiers from the 11 749 recruits who participated in the 2011 physical examination. The selected soldiers underwent another physical examination in 2012 for advancement to senior airman. Data from 2011 and 2012 were merged. To collect data on lifestyle, a questionnaire was sent to all included subjects via the military intranet e-mail service. Results: The percentage of recruits with an abnormal alanine transaminase level (normal range <40 IU/L) decreased from recruitment (13.7%) to the following year (2.7%). Moreover, the percentage of obese soldiers (body mass index ${\geq}25kg/m^2$) decreased from recruitment (20.5%) to the following year (10.4%). There was a significant change in mean duration of exercise carried out each day before ($0.8{\pm}1.3$ hours) and after ($1.0{\pm}0.7$ hours) joining the ROKAF service. Conclusions: These ROKAF soldiers were generally in good health before and after joining the armed service. After one year of military service, the health status of most soldiers improved, especially with respect to body mass index and alanine transaminase level.

Epidemiological Investigation of an Outbreak of Salmonellosis in Gyeongju, Korea

Yoo, Seok-Ju,Lim, Hyun-Sul,Lee, Kwan The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2014 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.47 No.3

Objectives: A salmonellosis outbreak occurred within a community of Gyeongju residents who ingested catered food from a wedding in June 2009. We aimed to epidemiologically investigate the probable vehicle of the infection. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 34 local residents who ingested the wedding food. Results: Among the 34 residents, 31 (91.2%) reported symptoms of infection after eating the food. Among all of the wedding foods, pan-fried foods were highly associated with the diarrheal attack rate. On bacteriological examination, Salmonella species were detected in the pan-fried foods among the leftover foods and in 17 of the 31 stool specimens from the cases. There were five different types of pan-fried foods, but the onset of symptoms was independent of the ingredients used. We found that the pan-fried food was prepared at a food store in Seoul and that eggs were a common ingredient. Conclusions: The major cause of the salmonellosis in this population was presumed to be the pan-fried food prepared with contaminated eggs. These food items might have been partially undercooked because of their irregular shape, which allowed the Salmonella species to survive and multiply before ingestion.

Identification of a Triple Mutation That Confers Tenofovir Resistance in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Eun-sook Park ),( Ah Ram Lee ),( Doo Hyun Kim ),( Sung Hyun Ahn ),( Hee Woo Sim ),( Soree Park ),( Hong Seok Kang ),( Ju Hee Won ),( Yea Na Ha ),( Gu-choul Shin ),( So Young Kwon ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is the most potent nucleoside analog for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Genotypic resistance to tenofovir has not yet been reported. This study aimed to characterise HBV mutations that confer tenofovir resistance. Methods: Two consecutive patients with viral breakthrough during treatment with TDF-containing regimens were prospectively enrolled. The gene encoding HBV reverse transcriptase (RT) was sequenced. Nine HBV clones harbouring a series of mutations in the RT gene were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. Drug susceptibility of each clone was determined by Southern blot analysis and real-time PCR. Relative frequency of mutants were evaluated by ultra-deep sequencing. Results: (Please understand that actual mutation site numbers were replaced by bold, underlined alphabetical letters since they are now confidential due to embargo policy.) Seven mutations (rtSaaaC [C], rtHbbbY [Y], rtDcccE [E], rtVdddL, rtLeeeM, rtMfffV, and rtLgggI) were commonly found in viral isolates from both patients after viral breakthrough; C, Y, and E were novel mutations. An HBV mutant harbouring all three mutations (CYE) was resistant to tenofovir. The IC₅₀ values for wild-type HBV and the CYE mutant were 3·8 ± 0·6 μM and 14·1 ± 1·8 μM, respectively. Ultra-deep sequencing showed that CYE mutant was dominant than any other mutant in both patients. All tenofovir-resistant mutants had similar susceptibility to a core inhibitor, NVR 3-778 (IC₅₀ < 0·4 μM) compared with wild-type (IC₅₀ = 0·4). Conclusions: Our study reveals that a novel triple mutation (CYE) is associated with tenofovir-resistance. These results demonstrate that tenofovir-resistant HBV mutants can emerge, although the genetic barrier is high. A novel core inhibitor might be a potential rescue therapy for tenofovir-resistant HBV.

양돈 종사자의 인수공통감염병 인지도

유석주(Seok-Ju Yoo),임현술(Hyun-Sul Lim),이관(Kwan Lee) 한국농촌의학 지역보건학회 2014 농촌의학·지역보건 Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: Pig farmers are known as the high risk group for the zoonoses, but the study for pig farmers to zoonoses has been rare in Korea. So we surveyed the awareness on zoonoses among pig farmers to suggest directions for education. Methods: We visited four regional spots (Gyeongsangnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jeollanam-do, and Chungcheongnam-do) where the self education programs of Korea pork producers were convened. We conducted a questionnaire survey of the general, work-related characteristics and the awareness on zoonoses among 278 pig farmers. Results: The awareness rate of zoonoses itself, brucellosis, tuberculosis and salmonellosis were 52.9%, 85.6%, 87.8%, 89.6%, respectively. The awareness rate of the content related to zoonoses, “Human can be infected by the disease of pig", was 46.9%. Awareness rate of zoonoses tended to increase as the school career, and awareness rate of salmonellosis tended to increase as working duration of pig raising. Conclusions: The pig is the principal reservoir of zoonoses. Therefore, effective working guidelines to prevent zoonoses for pig farmers must be developed and an educational program on zoonoses is needed for pig farmers. Furthermore, publicity activities about the prevention of zoonoses are needed for high-risk groups.

양계 종사자의 조류인플루엔자 관련 위험행태 분석

유석주 ( Seok Ju Yoo ),임현술 ( Hyun Sul Lim ),이관 ( Kwan Lee ) 대한보건협회 2015 대한보건연구 Vol.41 No.2

Objective: Poultry farmers are known as the high risk group for the avian influenza. We surveyed the risk behaviors associated with avian influenza among poultry farmers to establish proper preventive policy. Methods: We visited several group events of poultry farmers and conducted a questionnaire survey about the general, work-related characteristics of subjects, and the risk behaviors associated with avian influenza among 400 poultry farmers. We analyzed the variables which were related to risk behaviors of avian influenza. Results: Among poultry farmers, men and the subjects who live in Jeolla-do had more experiences of eating raw chicken in the past year than women and the subjects who live in the other areas. Also, men had more experiences of bare-hand contact with secretions of poultry during work in the past year than women. The proportions of poultry farmers who had received seasonal vaccination regularly were tended to decrease according to increasing the number of raising heads. Conclusion: The individualized approach is needed to prevent avian influenza for poultry farmers according to gender, area and breeding scale.

Clinical Significance of Hepatic Capsular Enhancement in Multi-Directional Computed Tomography with Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome

Jeong-Ju Yoo,Jung Seok Park,Bora Lee,Min Hee Lee,Sang Gyune Kim,Young Seok Kim 순천향대학교 순천향의학연구소 2019 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.25 No.2

Objective: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (FHCS) is characterized by perihepatitis in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease. Hepatic capsular enhancement in arterial phase of abdominal computed tomography (CT) is usually required for definite diagnosis. The objective of this study was to assess clinical significance of intensity of hepatic capsular enhancement in CT of patients with FHCS. Methods: A total of 86 patients who had hepatic capsular enhancement in CT due to FHCS were retrospectively enrolled. The hepatic capsular enhancement was divided into three patterns according to the intensity of enhancement by an expert radiologist: A, partial weak enhancement; B, partial strong or diffuse weak enhancement; and C, diffuse strong enhancement. Other clinical and laboratory parameters such as duration of admission were also evaluated. Results: Hepatic capsular enhancement in CT was classified into pattern A (n=28), pattern B (n=35), and pattern C (n=23). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in pattern A (6.1±2.4 days, P<0.001) than that in pattern B (7.2±2.9 days) or pattern C (7.7±2.2 days). Subjective perihepatic pain duration was well correlated with the degree of hepatic capsular enhancement (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, the intensity of capsular enhancement was significantly associated with hospital stay after adjusting other factors. However, laboratory inflammation marker was not directly correlated with hepatic capsular enhancement. Conclusion: Enhancement pattern of CT scan in patients with FHCS is closely related to its clinical severity and the course of this disease.

Prognostic Value of Biochemical Response Models for Primary Biliary Cholangitis and the Additional Role of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio

( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Eun Ju Cho ),( Bora Lee ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Yun Bin Lee ),( Jeong-hoon Lee ),( Su Jong Yu ),( Yoon Jun Kim ),( Jung-hwan Yoon ) 대한소화기학회 2018 Gut and Liver Vol.12 No.6

Background/Aims: Recently reported prognostic models for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have been shown to be effective in Western populations but have not been wellvalidated in Asian patients. This study aimed to compare the performance of prognostic models in Korean patients and to investigate whether inflammation-based scores can further help in prognosis prediction. Methods: This study included 271 consecutive patients diagnosed with PBC in Korea. The following prognostic models were evaluated: the Barcelona model, the Paris-I/II model, the Rotterdam criteria, the GLOBE score and the UK-PBC score. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was analyzed with reference to its association with prognosis. Results: For predicting liver transplant or death at the 5-year and 10-year follow-up examinations, the UK-PBC score (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUCs], 0.88 and 0.82) and GLOBE score (AUCs, 0.85 and 0.83) were significantly more accurate in predicting prognosis than the other scoring systems (all p< 0.05). There was no significant difference between the performance of the UK-PBC and GLOBE scores. In addition to the prognostic models, a high NLR ( >2.46) at baseline was an independent predictor of reduced transplant-free survival in the multivariate analysis (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.74; p<0.01). When the NLR was applied to the prognostic models, it significantly differentiated the prognosis of patients. Conclusions: The UK-PBC and GLOBE scores showed good prognostic performance in Korean patients with PBC. In addition, a high NLR was associated with a poorer prognosis. Including the NLR in prognostic models may further help to stratify patients with PBC. (Gut Liver 2018;12:714-721)

공군 병사 신체검사 결과 분석을 통한 군복무가 건강에 미치는 영향 연구

유석주 ( Seok-ju Yoo ),박원주 ( Won-ju Park ),김현진 ( Hyun-jin Kim ),이석호 ( Suk-ho Lee ) 국군의무사령부 2013 대한군진의학학술지 Vol.44 No.1

Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the physical status of Republic of Korea Air Force soldiers during military service. Method : We collected the results of the physical examination of 2011 among recruits at the boot camp. We selected six Air Force units without local bias, and collected the results of the physical examination of 2012 among corporals of each Air Force units. We merged the results of the physical examination of 2011 and 2012. We selected 803 soldiers by systematic sampling and conducted survey. We analyzed the results of physical examination and life style between recruits and corporals. Results : Both recruits and corporals, the mean value of results of the physical examination were within normal range. There were significant changes about proportion of abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (≥ 40 IU/L) between recruits (13.2%) and corporals (2.8%), and Asian Pacific category of obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) between recruits (20.5%) and corporals (10.4%). There were significant changes about average amount of exercise a day between before (0.8 ± 1.3 hours) and after (1.0 ± 0.7 hours) joining the army, and subjective body score out of ten between before (6.6 ± 1.8) and after (7.3 ± 1.4). There were positive correlation between ALT and body mass index both among recruits and corporals. Conclusions : We found that Air Force soldiers were averagely in good health both before and after joining the army. And during military service, the health status of soldiers was improved for the better especially ALT and body mass index.