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Syed Wasim Sardar,Geon-doo Byeon,Jeong-yoon Choi,hun-ju Ham,Jang-Hyun Hur 한국농약과학회 2021 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11
Okinawan spinach, a recently introduced crop, in South Korea has gained considerable attention. However, farmers are having difficulties in controlling several species of lepidopterous pests, due to the lack of registered pesticides for the current investigated crop. This study is carried out to establish the pre-harvest interval (PHI) for spinetoram and imidacloprid insecticides in okinawan spinach. Both spinetoram 5% WG and imidacloprid 10% WP were diluted 2,000 times, then sprayed twice with 1-week interval at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days before harvest. The spinetoram and its metabolites and imidacloprid were extracted by the QuEChERS method and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The linearity of the calibration curve was excellent (r² = ≥0.99) and range was between 0.01 to 0.6 for all compounds. The average recoveries at two fortification levels (0.01 and 0.1mg/kg) were 76.0% ~116.7% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) below 10%. The method limit of quantification for all compounds were 0.01mg/kg. The total residues of spinetoram in okinawan spinach ranged from 0.01 to 2.33mg/kg while the residues of imidacloprid ranged from <0.01 to 3.40mg/kg. The maximum residue limit (MRL) set by Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) for spinetoram and imidacloprid in leafy vegetable is 1.0mg/kg and 3.0mg/kg respectively. According to the current study spinetoram and imidacloprid declined to a level below the stated MRL within 7 days between the last application and harvesting. Therefore, the safe use for spinetoram 5% WG and imidacloprid 10% WP in okinawan spinach is recommended as twice treatment at 7 days before harvest.
셀러리와 녹색꽃양배추 중 Flurenoxuron 및 Lufenuron의 안전사용기준 설정
사르다르시드와심 ( Syed Wasim Sardar ),최정윤 ( Jeong-yoon Choi ),변건두 ( Geon-doo Byeon ),조영주 ( Yeong-ju Jo ),아브드엘라지즈술래만아메드이자크 ( Abd Elaziz Ishag ),허장현 ( Jang-hyun Hur ) 한국환경농학회 2021 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2021 No.-
Among minor crops, celery and broccoli have been widely cultivated due to their excellent source of vitamins, phenolic compounds, and other nutrients. These crops are susceptible to attack by lepidopterous insects such as (Helicoverpa armigera, Plutella xylostella, and Opsisina arenosella). To control these insects and avoid the illegal use of insecticides, registration of effective insecticides is necessary. Flufenoxuron and lufenuron compounds, are the two promising insecticides, belonging to benzoylphenylurea group. They act as chitin synthesis inhibition in insects, used against a wide range of chewing and sucking insects and phytophagous mites. This study was carried out to establish the pre-harvest interval (PHI) for flufenoxuron and lufenuron in celery and broccoli, respectively. The test compounds flufenoxuron (5% DC) diluted by 1,000 times while acetamiprid+lufenuron mixture (8%+5%) (13% SC) diluted by 2,000 times, and then sprayed two times with 1-week interval at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days before harvest. Both compounds flufenoxuron and lufenuron were extracted by QuEChERs method and analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The linearity was excellent (r<sup>2</sup> = ≥0.99) in matrix-matched calibration for both insecticides. The average recoveries at two fortification levels (0.01, and 0.1 mg/kg) were 76%∼100% with the relative standard deviation below 10%. The method limit of quantification (MLOQ) for flufenoxuron and lufenuron were 0.01 mg/kg. The residues of flufenoxuron in celery were 1.66∼3.16 mg/kg while the residues of lufenuron in broccoli were <0.01∼0.24 mg/kg. The maximum residue limit (MRL) set by Korean MFDS for flufenoxuron in celery is 2.0 mg/kg and for lufenuron in broccoli is 0.2 mg/kg. According to the study, flufenoxuron declined to a level below the MRL within 21 days between the last application and harvesting, while the residues of lufenuron in broccoli declined to a level below the MRL within 7 days between the last application and harvesting. Based on our result the Rural Development Administration has already set the PHI of 21 days for flufenoxuron in celery, but PHI for lufenuron in broccoli still needs to be established. Therefore, this study recommends the safe use of acetamiprid+lufenuron mixture 13 % in broccoli as a foliar treatment twice at 7 days before harvest.
녹색꽃양배추 중 Diniconazole 및 Hexaconazole의 안전사용기준 설정
사르다르시드와심 ( Syed Wasim Sardar ),아브드엘라지즈이자크 ( Abd Elaziz Ishag ),허장현 ( Jang-hyun Hur ) 한국환경농학회 2022 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2022 No.-
The minor crop broccoli has been widely cultivated due to its excellent source of nutrition and essential minerals. This crop is susceptible to several fungal diseases from seedling to harvest, leading to a reduction in yield and quality. To control these fungal diseases and avoid the unauthorized use of pesticides, registration of effective fungicides is necessary. Diniconazole and hexaconazole are broad spectrum fungicides used to control powdery mildew and other pathogens by inhibiting the biosynthesis of sterols in cell membranes. This study was carried out to establish the pre-harvest interval (PHI) for diniconazole and hexaconazole in broccoli. The test compounds diniconazole 5% WP diluted by 2,000 times while hexaconazole 5% SC diluted by 5,000 times was sprayed three times with 1-week interval at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days before harvest. Both compounds were extracted by QuEChERs method and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The linearity of the matrix-matched calibration curve was excellent (R<sup>2</sup> ≥0.99) for both compounds. The average recovery of both analytes at two fortification levels (diniconazole: 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg; hexaconazole: 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) were from 89.0 % to 109.9 % with the relative standard deviation below 10 %. The method limit of quantification (MLOQ) for diniconazole and hexaconazole were 0.01 mg/kg. The residues of diniconazole in broccoli ranged from 0.01 to 0.18 mg/kg while the residues of hexaconazole ranged from <0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg. The maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) for diniconazole in cabbage (the same group as broccoli) is 0.1 mg/kg and hexaconazole in the leafy vegetable is 0.7 mg/kg. According to the current study diniconazole and hexaconazole declined to a level below the stated MRLs after treatment of 21 days and 7 days respectively. Therefore, the safe use of diniconazole 5% WP in broccoli is recommended as three times treatments at 21 days before harvest and hexaconazole 5% SC at 7 days before harvest.
제초제 pendimethalin의 후작물 재배작물 상추(Lactuca sativa L.)에 대한 흡수이행성
최정윤,조영주,Sardar Syed Wasim,변건두,허장현 한국농약과학회 2021 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11
국내에서는 농약안전사용기준과 농약잔류허용기준을 설정함으로써 농산물의 안전성을 확보하고자 노력하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 전작물(primary crop)에 사용된 농약은 토양 중에 잔류되어 후작물(rotational crop)에 대한 비의도적 오염을 발생시키고 있다. 이에 따라 후작물에 대한 비의도적 잔류농약 오염을 방지하고 예측하기 위한 체계적 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 토양 및 유기물에 강한 흡착성이 있는 제초제 pendimethalin과 엽채류 대표작물인 상추를 선정하여 토양 중 잔류농약이 후작물 상추로 흡수이행하는 포장시험을 수행하였다. 흡수이행을 위한 포장시험은 경기도 평택과 경상북도 칠곡 두 지역에서 수행되었으며, 시험농약은 pendimethalin 31.7% 유제(EC)를 연중 최대 사용량(15 g/30 m2) 기준으로 정식 60일 전, 30일 전에 각각 나지토양에 전면 처리하였다. 토양시료는 약제처리일, 정식일, 미숙기 시점, 완숙기 시점에 채취하였으며, 상추는 정식 이후 미숙기(50% 완숙), 완숙기에 시료를 채취하였다. 토양 및 상추 시료 중 함유된 제초제 pendimethalin 잔류량은 QuEChERS 방법으로 전처리하여 GC-MS/MS를 이용하여 최종 정량분석하였다. 분석방법의 정량한계(MLOQ)는 0.01mg kg-1 수준으로 설정하였으며, 회수율은 70.6∼112.5%이었고 RSD는 10% 이내로 만족하였다. 토양의 평균 잔류량은 평택의 경우 최저 0.22mg/kg에서 최고 1.22mg/kg까지 잔류하였으며, 칠곡의 경우 최저 0.38 mg/kg에서 최고 2.16mg/kg까지 잔류하였다. 그러나 상추 시료 중 pendimethalin의 평균 잔류량은 두 지역 모두 <0.01mg/kg이었다. 아울러 pendimethalin은 상추의 완숙기 시점에서 재배토양 중 0.23mg/kg (평택), 0.38mg/kg (칠곡) 수준이 잔류되었으나 후작물 상추로 전이되지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 전작물 재배시 안전사용기준에 따라 살포된 pendimethalin은 후작물, 즉 엽채류(상추)를 재배할 경우에 토양으로 부터 흡수이행되어 최소 잔류허용기준에 도달할 가능성이 낮은 것으로 판단된다.