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Imayama, T.,Takeshita, T.,Yi, K.,Cho, D.L.,Kitajima, K.,Tsutsumi, Y.,Kayama, M.,Nishido, H.,Okumura, T.,Yagi, K.,Itaya, T.,Sano, Y. Universitetsforlaget ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 Lithos Vol.134 No.-
The timing of partial melting and the pressure-temperature (P-T) paths in the High Himalayan Crystalline Sequence (HHCS) in far-eastern Nepal has been investigated using zircon chronology, rare earth element (REE) compositions, and P-T pseudosection analysis. Zircon from migmatites formed during Himalayan thermal events displays inherited magmatic core overgrown by two generations of metamorphic rims. The new rims are distinguished on the basis of their Tertiary ages, low MREE contents, and low Th/U ratios. The inner zircon rims from Sil+Grt+Bt+Kfs+Pl+Qtz and Ky+Sil+Grt+Bt+Ms+Pl+Qtz migmatites at different structural level of the HHCS display ages of c. 33-28Ma (Early Oligocene) and c. 21-18Ma (Early Miocene): these rims are characterized by flat MREE to HREE patterns and were overgrown by partial melt through muscovite dehydration melting under the stability of garnet, which occurred at P=c. 7-10kbar and T=c. 730-780<SUP>o</SUP>C, and at P=c. 8-14kbar and T=c. 720-770<SUP>o</SUP>C, respectively. The outer zircon rims are relatively enriched in HREE with respect to the inner rims and were overgrown at c. 27-23Ma (Late Oligocene) and at c. 18-16Ma (Early Miocene) during melt crystallization accompanying breakdown of garnet at P=c. 4-7kbar and T=c. 650-725<SUP>o</SUP>C. Early Miocene Ms-Bt leucogranites with two successively overgrown zircon rims at c. 18.3+/-0.3Ma and c. 16.3+/-0.2Ma were intruded into Early Oligocene migmatite hosts. Microstructural observations and the corresponding P-T conditions associated with the two generations of zircon rims indicate that the Early Oligocene and Early Miocene migmatites show relatively isobaric and nearly isothermal P-T paths during exhumation, respectively. The inferences are consistent with higher average cooling rates for the Early Miocene (c. 30-40<SUP>o</SUP>C/My) than the Early Oligocene (c. 15-25<SUP>o</SUP>C/My) migmatites, inferred from peak-T conditions and FT (c. 6Ma for both migmatites) and U-Pb zircon ages. The P-T-t paths of the two migmatites indicate that burial of the Early Miocene migmatites has been coeval with exhumation of the Early Oligocene migmatites, implying the formation of large-scale thrust within the HHCS.
저온환경에 있어서 VFA - TG 인공영양사육 면양의 제1위내 VFA 조성비율이 일반임상소견 및 제1위액성상에 미치는 영향
홍경선,정태영,좌야굉명,중도방야,지하농랑,안보가일 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.5
This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of VFA composition of rumen fluid and cold exposure on the general clinical view and ruminal fermentation characteristics in sheep. Each infusion group was subjected to either thermoneutral (20±2 ℃) or cold environment (2±2℃) for 4 days. The total infusate of nutrients was examined in sheep via the technique of continuous alimentation. Four adult Suffolk sheep fitted with a permanent ruminal cannula and a simple T-shaped duodenal cannula were used. A peristaltic pump was used to infuse the solutions of volatile fatty acid triglycerides (VFA-TG, triacetin: tripropionin: tributyrin) consisting of 70:20:10 (low propionin division: LP) and 50:40:10 (high propionin division: HP) on the basis of energy and minerals into the rumen, and casein solution into the duodenum. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. During the cold exposure (latter half of the infusion period), respiration rate decreased (P$lt;0.10), but heart rate tended to increase in the thermoneutral environment. And respiration rate had no significant difference between the levels of VFA-TG solutions (LP and HP division), but heart rate was higher in the HP division than in the LP division (P$lt;0.10). 2. In the HP division, rectal temperature was lower (P$lt;0.001) in the cold exposure than in the thermoneutral environment, but remained unchanged by the temperature treatment in the LP division. During the thermoneutral environment, rectal temperature was higher in the HP division than in the LP division (P$lt;0.01), but remained unchanged by the levels of VFA-TG solutions in the cold exposure. 3. Urine pH values maintained the value of the thermoneutral environment during the latter half of the infusion period, and was lower (P$lt;0.05) in the HP division than in the LP division. 4. Ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration tended to increase in the cold exposure compared to that in the thermoneutral environment, and did not affect with the levels of VFA-TG solutions. 5. In the LP division, molar percent of acetate was higher (P$lt;0.10), but molar percent of propionate was lower (P$lt;0.05) in the cold exposure than in the thermoneutral environment. As a result, the ratio of acetate to propionate (A:P ratio) increased more (P$lt;0.10) in the cold exposure than in the thermoneutral environment. In the HP division, molar percents of acetate, propionate and butyrate were not affected by the temperature treatments. The results showed that the A:P ratio was not affected by the environmental temperature treatments. However the ratio was increased in the LP division than in the HP division (P$lt;0.001). 6. Ruminal pH values was not affected by the temperature treatments, but was higher (P$lt;0.001) in the LP division than in the HP division. And ruminal pH values tended to be higher in the HP division than in the LP division. 7. Infusion of VFA-TG into the rumen caused a marked increase (P$lt;0.01) in ruminal TG concentration during the cold exposure (latter half of the infusion period), but it was not affected by the levels of VFA-TG solutions.
홍경선,정태영,좌야굉명,지하농낭,중도방야,안보계일 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.4
This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of VFA composition of rumen fluid and heat exposure on the blood constituents and acid-base balance in sheep. Each infusion group was subjected to either thermoneutral(20±2℃) or heat(30±2℃) environment for 4 days. Four adult Suffolk sheep fitted with a permanent ruminal cannula and a simple T-shaped duodenal cannula were used and infusion nutrients were examined by use of the continuous alimentation technique. A peristaltic pump was used to infuse the solutions of volatile fatty acid triglycerides(VFA-TG) consisting of 70 triacetin : 20 tripropionin : 10 tributyrin (low propionin division: LP) and 50 triacetin : 40 tripropionin : 10 tributyrin (high propionin division: HP) on the basis of energy and minerals into the rumen, and casein solution into the duodenum. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations almost remained unchanged by the temperature treatment and the levels of VFA-TG solutions(LP and HP). Plasma lactate concentration increased(P$lt;0.05) during the heat exposure at the HP division, but was not affected by the levels of VFA-TG solutions. Plasma TG concentration increased(P$lt;0.01) during the heat exposure at the LP division probably due to the days of VFA-TG infusion rather than the heat stress. Plasma urine-N concentration tended to be higher under the heat exposure and increased in the HP than LP division. 2. During the heat exposure at the LP division, blood HCO₃-concentration almost did not exhibit clear changes, but blood Pco₂ tended to be decreased and blood pH tended to be increased (condition of respiratory alkalosis), and blood base excess concentration tended to be higher. 3. Blood Hb concentration tended to be lower in the LP division but remained unchanged by the temperature treatment in the HP division and was not affected by the levels of VFA-TG solutions. 4. Blood Na^+ concentration tended to be lower under the heat environment than the thermoneutral environment. Blood K^+ concentration remained unchanged by temperature and the levels of VFA-TG solutions. Blood Ca^(2+) concentration
T. Charinpanitkul,P. Limsuwan,C. Chalotorn,N. Sano,T. Yamamoto,P. Tongpram,P. Wongsarivej,A. Soottitantawat,W. Tanthapanichakoon 한국공업화학회 2010 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.16 No.1
Synergetic removal of aqueous phenol by decomposition with ozone and adsorption on activated carbon was experimentally investigated. To enhance phenol removal performance, two activated carbons (AC1 and AC2) with BET surface areas of 1106 and 1150 m2 g1 and average pore diameters of 2.3 and 1.7 nm, respectively, were employed. While the slowest initial removal of phenol was achieved with introduction of ozone only, the much better removal of phenol was obtained with utilization of activated carbon with ozone. Some intermediate products, which were detected as total organic carbon (TOC), were found to remain even after phenol was completely decomposed. Regarding to higher mesopore fraction, AC1 could better remove intermediates than AC2. With the synergetic performance of AC1 and ozone it was found that the highest removal of phenol and TOC was up to 100% and 89%, respectively.
T. Charinpanitkul,W. Tanthapanichakoon,N. Sano 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.3
An idea of using pure iron and graphite electrodes was employed for synthesizing carbon nanoparticles by arc discharge in liquid nitrogen. The synthesized products consist of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MW–CNT), carbon nanohorns (CNH), and carbon nanocapsules (CNC) with core–shell structure. Effect of metallic cathode and discharge current on product structure and yield had been experimentally investigated. Typical evidence of transmission electron microscopic images revealed that under some certain conditions of discharge in liquid nitrogen the synthesized products mainly consisted of CNCs with mean diameter of 50–400 nm. When conventional graphitic electrodes were employed, CNHs with some MW–CNTs were mainly synthesized. Meanwhile, MW–CNTs with diameter of 8–25 nm and length 150– 250 nm became less selectively synthesized as cathode deposit under the condition of discharge in liquid nitrogen with higher arc current. The production yield of carbon nanoparticles synthesized by either carbon– carbon or carbon–iron electrodes became also lower with an increase in the arc current. An idea of using pure iron and graphite electrodes was employed for synthesizing carbon nanoparticles by arc discharge in liquid nitrogen. The synthesized products consist of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MW–CNT), carbon nanohorns (CNH), and carbon nanocapsules (CNC) with core–shell structure. Effect of metallic cathode and discharge current on product structure and yield had been experimentally investigated. Typical evidence of transmission electron microscopic images revealed that under some certain conditions of discharge in liquid nitrogen the synthesized products mainly consisted of CNCs with mean diameter of 50–400 nm. When conventional graphitic electrodes were employed, CNHs with some MW–CNTs were mainly synthesized. Meanwhile, MW–CNTs with diameter of 8–25 nm and length 150– 250 nm became less selectively synthesized as cathode deposit under the condition of discharge in liquid nitrogen with higher arc current. The production yield of carbon nanoparticles synthesized by either carbon– carbon or carbon–iron electrodes became also lower with an increase in the arc current.