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Walwyn, Robert J.,Chan, Bun,Usov, Pavel M.,Solomon, Marcello B.,Duyker, Samuel G.,Koo, Jin Young,Kawano, Masaki,Turner, Peter,Kepert, Cameron J.,D'Alessandro, Deanna M. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for o Vol.6 No.5
<P>This paper reports additional properties of the electron donor molecule triselenathiafulvalene (TSTF) and its synthesis <I>via</I> a new route involving the precursor tetracarbomethoxytriselenathiafulvalene (TCMTSTF). The structural, electronic and computational properties of TSTF are fully profiled, and discussed in the context of the closely related archetypal electron donor molecule tetrathiafulvalene (TTF). TSTF was also incorporated into a charge transfer (CT) complex with the well-known electron acceptor 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), to generate TSTF-TCNQ. In order to establish its position in the greater TXF-TCNQ series (where TXF = a tetrachalcogenafulvalene), spectral, electrochemical, magnetic, conductivity and computational studies were performed on TSTF and TSTF-TCNQ to extend what is known about the highly interesting and useful new donor molecule.</P>
Influence of Organizational and Project Practices on Design Error Costs
Love, Peter E. D.,Lopez, Robert,Kim, Jeong Tai,Kim, Mi Jeong American Society of Civil Engineers 2014 Journal of performance of constructed facilities Vol.28 No.2
The organizational and project-related practices adopted by design firms can influence the nature and ability of people to perform their tasks. In recognition of such influences, a structured survey questionnaire was used to determine the key factors contributing to design error costs in 139 Australian construction projects. Using stepwise multiple regressions, the significant organizational and project-related variables influencing design error costs are determined. The analysis revealed that the mean design error costs for the sample projects were 14.2% of the original contract value. Significant organizational and project factors influencing design error included inadequate training for employees and unrealistic design and documentation schedules required by clients. From the findings, key strategies for reducing design errors that are attributable to organization and project-related practices are identified.
Probabilistic Assessment of Design Error Costs
Love, Peter E. D.,Lopez, Robert,Kim, Jeong Tai,Kim, Mi Jeong American Society of Civil Engineers 2014 Journal of performance of constructed facilities Vol.28 No.3
The statistical characteristics of design error rectification costs experienced in 139 Australian construction projects are analyzed. Theoretical probability distributions are fitted to the design error cost data. A generalized Pareto probability function was found to provide the best overall distribution fit for design error costs. The generalized Pareto distribution is used to calculate the probability of design error costs being experienced for the selected sample. A mean design error cost of 14.2% of a project's contract value is reported. A significant difference between mean design error costs and project types was found for civil engineering (23.44%) and fit-out (22.50%) projects. Projects >Australian dollars (A$)101M were found to experience significantly higher mean design error costs (26.18%) than other projects. Being able to determine the likelihood of design error rectification costs from the derived empirical probability distribution will provide an ameliorated assessment of risk before the commencement of construction. Strategies to reduce design error rectification costs are also discussed.
A Statistical Approach to Machine Translation
Brown, Peter F.,Stephen, John Cocke,Pietra, A. Della,Della, Vincent J.,Jelinek, Pietra Fredrick,Lafferty, John D.,Mercer, Robert L.,Roossin, Paul S. 서울대학교 어학연구소 1991 語學硏究 Vol.27 No.1
In this paper, we present a statistical approach to machine translation. We describe the application of our approach to translation from French to English and give preliminary results.
유연화,윤춘식,은나래,Moon-jung Hwang,Hanna Yoo,Robert D. Peters,정태섭,이영한,서진석,김성준 대한영상의학회 2016 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.17 No.6
Objective: To investigate the interobserver and test-retest reproducibility of T1ρ and T2 measurements of lumbar intervertebral discs using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 51 volunteers (female, 26; male, 25; mean age, 54 ± 16.3 years) who underwent lumbar spine MRI with a 3.0 T scanner. Amongst these subjects, 40 underwent repeat T1ρ and T2 measurement acquisitions with identical image protocol. Two observers independently performed the region of interest measurements in the nuclei pulposi of the discs from L1–2 through L5–S1 levels. Statistical analysis was performed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with a two-way random model of absolute agreement. Comparison of the ICC values was done after acquisition of ICC values using Z test. Statistical significance was defined as p value < 0.05. Results: The ICCs of interobserver reproducibility were 0.951 and 0.672 for T1ρ and T2 mapping, respectively. The ICCs of test-retest reproducibility (40 subjects) for T1ρ and T2 measurements were 0.922 and 0.617 for observer A and 0.914 and 0.628 for observer B, respectively. In the comparison of the aforementioned ICCs, ICCs of interobserver and test-retest reproducibility for T1ρ mapping were significantly higher than T2 mapping (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The interobserver and test-retest reproducibility of T1ρ mapping were significantly higher than those of T2 mapping for the quantitative assessment of nuclei pulposi of lumbar intervertebral discs.
Role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 in regulating PDH activation during acute muscle contraction
Herbst, Eric A.F.,Dunford, Emily C.E.,Harris, Robert A.,Vandenboom, Rene,LeBlanc, Paul J.,Roy, Brian D.,Jeoung, Nam Ho,Peters, Sandra J. Canadian Science Publishing 2012 APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM Vol.37 No.1
<P> The oxidation of carbohydrates in mammals is regulated by the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, which is covalently regulated by four PDH kinases (PDK1-4) and two PDH phosphatases (PDP1-2) unique to the PDH complex. To investigate the role that PDK4 plays in regulating PDH activation (PDHa) during muscle contraction, mouse extensor digitorum muscle was removed from wild type (WT) and PDK4-knockout (PDK4-KO) mice after a 24 h fast and stimulated for 3 min either at 10 Hz (low-intensity contraction), 40 Hz (moderate-intensity contraction), or allowed to rest. Force was recorded and muscle PDHa activity and metabolite concentrations were measured. PDHa activity was ∼2.5-fold higher at rest in PDK4-KO mice than WT mice (P = 0.009) and ∼2-fold higher in PDK4-KO mice at both 10 Hz (P @@<@@ 0.001) and 40 Hz (P @@<@@ 0.001). Force relative to muscle weight was similar at 10 Hz, but was 5.8 ± 0.7 mN·g<SUP>-1</SUP> in PDK4-KO mice and 3.5 ± 0.7 mN·g<SUP>-1</SUP> in WT mice at 40 Hz (P @@<@@ 0.001), with a similar rate of fatigue in both genotypes. From these results it was concluded that PDK4 plays a role in reducing PDHa activity during low to moderate-intensity muscle stimulation, and that absence of PDK4 and the subsequent changes in carbohydrate utilization may alter force production. </P>