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The potential value of biochar in the mitigation of gaseous emission of nitrogen
Thangarajan, Ramya,Bolan, Nanthi S.,Kunhikrishnan, Anitha,Wijesekara, Hasintha,Xu, Yilu,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Song, Hocheol,Ok, Yong Sik,Hou, Deyi Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.612 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nitrogen (N) losses through gaseous emission of ammonia (NH<SUB>3</SUB>) and nitrous oxide (N<SUB>2</SUB>O) can contribute to both economic loss and environmental degradation. This study examined the effect of biochar and a chemical nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), on N transformation and N losses via gaseous emission of NH<SUB>3</SUB> and N<SUB>2</SUB>O from agricultural soils treated with a range of organic and inorganic N sources. The addition of DCD reduced N<SUB>2</SUB>O emission from both organic and inorganic N sources treated soils by 75%, but increased ammonium (NH<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP>) concentration and subsequently induced high NH<SUB>3</SUB> emission from the soils. In contrast, the addition of biochar reduced both N<SUB>2</SUB>O and NH<SUB>3</SUB> emissions from organic and inorganic N sources treated soils by 23% and 43%, respectively. The effectiveness of biochar and DCD in reducing NH<SUB>3</SUB> volatilization and N<SUB>2</SUB>O emission depends on the nature of the N sources and their initial mineral N concentration. The study demonstrated that biochar can be used to mitigate N losses resulting from NH<SUB>3</SUB> volatilization and N<SUB>2</SUB>O emission.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biochar and dicyandiamide (DCD) effects on N transformation and losses were studied. </LI> <LI> DCD decreased N<SUB>2</SUB>O emission from N sources applied soil but increased NH<SUB>3</SUB> emission. </LI> <LI> Although DCD significantly reduced N<SUB>2</SUB>O emission, biochar decreased total N loss by 25%. </LI> <LI> Biochar can replace chemical nitrification inhibitors thereby mitigating gaseous N loss. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>