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Nagappan, Arulkumar,Lee, Ho Jeong,Saralamma, Venu Venkatarame Gowda,Park, Hyeon Soo,Hong, Gyeong Eun,Yumnam, Silvia,Raha, Suchismita,Charles, Shobana Nancy,Shin, Sung Chul,Kim, Eun Hee,Lee, Won Sup,Ki D.A. Spandidos 2016 Oncology letters Vol.12 No.2
<P><I>Citrus platymamma</I> hort. ex Tanaka belongs to the Rutaceae family and is widely used in folk medicines in Korea due to its anti-proliferative, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. However, the molecular mechanism of its anti-cancer effect is not well understood. The present study was conducted to elucidate the anti-cancer effect and molecular mechanism of flavonoids from <I>Citrus platymamma</I> (FCP) on A549 cells. FCP displayed concentration-dependent inhibition on A549 cells proliferation. Further, flow cytometry revealed that FCP significantly increased the sub-G1 (apoptotic cell population) and G2/M phase population, and the total number of apoptotic cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Nuclear condensation and fragmentation were also observed upon staining with Hoechst 33342 in FCP-treated A549 cells. Immunoblotting demonstrated a dose-dependent downregulation of cyclin B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, cell division cycle 25c, pro-caspases −3, −6, −8 and −9, and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in FCP-treated A549 cells. In addition, FCP induced caspase-3 activation and subsequent PARP cleavage, and increased the B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein/Bcl-extra large ratio in A549 cells. These findings suggest that FCP induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis of A549 cells. The present study provides evidence that FCP may be useful in the treatment of human lung cancer.</P>
Nagappan, S.,Ha, C.S. IPC Science and Technology Press 2017 Polymer Vol.116 No.-
Superhydrophobic mesoporous hybrid materials were synthesised by the in-situ self-hydroxylation and condensation of polymethylhydrosiloxane in ethanol and sodium hydroxide solutions in the presence of a cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant and graphene oxide (GO). The samples were analysed by a range of characterisation techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, <SUP>29</SUP>Si cross polarisation magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface area analysis, high resolution scanning electron microscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The superhydrophobic hybrid powder was used for the detection and separation of chloroform in water from water/chloroform mixtures.
Nagappan, Arulkumar,Jung, Dae Young,Kim, Ji-Hyun,Jung, Myeong Ho MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.4
<P>Activation of the hepatic cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) induces insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, thereby contributing to hyperglycemia. Gomisin N (GN) is a phytochemical derived from <I>Schisandra chinensis</I>. In the current study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of GN on hepatic CB1R-mediated insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis in 2-arachidonoylglycerol (AG; an agonist of CB1R)-treated HepG2 cells and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Treatment with 2-AG induced the expression of ER stress markers, serine/threonine phosphatase <I>PHLPP1</I>, <I>Lipin1</I>, and ceramide synthesis genes, but reduced the expression of ceramide degradation genes in HepG2 cells. However, GN reversed 2-AG-mediated effects and improved the 2-AG-mediated impairment of insulin signaling. Furthermore, GN inhibited 2-AG-induced intracellular triglyceride accumulation and glucose production in HepG2 cells by downregulation of lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis genes, respectively. In vivo, GN administration to HFD obese mice reduced the HFD-induced increase in fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, which was accompanied with downregulation of HFD-induced expression of CB1R, ER stress markers, ceramide synthesis gene, and gluconeogenesis genes in the livers of HFD obese mice. These findings demonstrate that GN protects against hepatic CB1-mediated impairment of insulin signaling and gluconeogenesis, thereby contributing to the amelioration of hyperglycemia.</P>
Nagappan, Arulkumar,Karunanithi, Nithya,Sentrayaperumal, Sundareswaran,Park, Kwang-Ii,Park, Hyeon-Soo,Lee, Do Hoon,Kang, Sang-Rim,Kim, Jin-A,Senthil, Kalaiselvi,Natesan, Senthil,Muthurajan, Raveendran Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science a 2012 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol.40 No.1
<P>Ginsenosides and withanolides are the secondary metabolites from Panax ginseng and Withania somnifera, respectively. These compounds have similar biological properties. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis was utilized to reveal the protein profile in the roots of both plants, with the aim of clarifying similarly- and differentially-expressed proteins. Total proteins of Korea ginseng (P. ginseng) and Indian ginseng (W. somnifera) roots were separated by 2-DE using a pH 4-7 immobilized pH gradient strip in the first dimension and 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. The protein spots were visualized by silver staining. Twenty-one P. ginseng proteins and 35 W. somnifera proteins were chosen for identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry; of these, functions were ascribed to 14 and 22 of the P. ginseng and W. somnifera proteins, respectively. Functions mainly included general cell metabolism, defense and secondary metabolism. ATPase and alcohol dehydrogenase proteins were expressed in both plants. The results of this study, to our knowledge, are the first to provide a reference 2-DE map for the W. somnifera root proteome, and will aid in the understanding of the expression and functions of proteins in the roots of Korean ginseng and Indian ginseng.</P>
Nagappan, Arulkumar,Jung, Dae Young,Kim, Ji-Hyun,Lee, Hoyoung,Jung, Myeong Ho MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.9
<P>Gomisin N (GN), a lignan derived from <I>Schisandra chinensis</I>, has been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of GN against ethanol-induced liver injury using in vivo and in vitro experiments. Histopathological examination revealed that GN administration to chronic-binge ethanol exposure mice significantly reduced ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis through reducing lipogenesis gene expression and increasing fatty acid oxidation gene expression, and prevented liver injury by lowering the serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. Further, it significantly inhibited cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene expression and enzyme activity, and enhanced antioxidant genes and glutathione level in hepatic tissues, which led to decreased hepatic malondialdehyde levels. It also lowered inflammation gene expression. Finally, GN administration promoted hepatic sirtuin1 (SIRT1)-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in ethanol-fed mice. Consistent with in vivo data, treatment with GN decreased lipogenesis gene expression and increased fatty acid oxidation gene expression in ethanol-treated HepG2 cells, thereby preventing ethanol-induced triglyceride accumulation. Furthermore, it inhibited reactive oxygen species generation by downregulating CYP2E1 and upregulating antioxidant gene expression, and suppressed inflammatory gene expression. Moreover, GN prevented ethanol-mediated reduction in SIRT1 and phosphorylated AMPK. These findings indicate that GN has therapeutic potential against alcoholic liver disease through inhibiting hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and inflammation.</P>
Superhydrophobic mesoporous material as a pH-sensitive organic dye adsorbent
Nagappan, S.,Lee, D.B.,Seo, D.J.,Park, S.S.,Ha, C.S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2015 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.22 No.-
A superhydrophobic material was synthesized using a one-pot approach via the self-hydrolysis and condensation of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) under a base catalyst in ethanol and water media. The obtained superhydrophobic polymethylhydroxysiloxane (PMHOS) material was stable up to temperatures as high as 500<SUP>o</SUP>C, even under strong acidic and basic pH conditions. The micro-nano particles of PMHOS exhibited a hierarchical morphology with a mesoporous structure. The superhydrophobic PMHOS, however, become superhydrophilic by calcination at 600<SUP>o</SUP>C. The superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic PMHOS exhibited a good ability to adsorb organic dyes at a certain pH (pH 12).