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Exploring the Ecology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents in a Metacommunity Framework
Mullineaux, Lauren S.,Metaxas, Anna,Beaulieu, Stace E.,Bright, Monika,Gollner, Sabine,Grupe, Benjamin M.,Herrera, Santiago,Kellner, Julie B.,Levin, Lisa A.,Mitarai, Satoshi,Neubert, Michael G.,Thurnhe Frontiers Media SA 2018 Frontiers in marine science Vol.5 No.-
Omar Tanweer,Taylor A. Wilson,Eleni Metaxa,Howard A. Riina,Hui Meng 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2014 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.16 No.4
Objective : Cerebral aneurysms (CAs) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs)are degenerative vascular pathologies that manifest as abnormal dilationsof the arterial wall. They arise with different morphologies in differenttypes of blood vessels under different hemodynamic conditions. Althoughtreated as different pathologies, we examine common pathways in theirhemodynamic pathogenesis in order to elucidate mechanisms of formation. Materials and Methods : A systematic review of the literature was performed. Current concepts on pathogenesis and hemodynamics were collected andcompared. Results : CAs arise as saccular dilations on the cerebral arteries of the circleof Willis under high blood flow, high wall shear stress (WSS), andhigh wall shear stress gradient (WSSG) conditions. AAAs arise as fusiformdilations on the infrarenal aorta under low blood flow, low, oscillatingWSS, and high WSSG conditions. While at opposite ends of the WSSspectrum, they share high WSSG, a critical factor in arterial remodeling. This alone may not be enough to initiate aneurysm formation, but mayignite a cascade of downstream events that leads to aneurysm development. Despite differences in morphology and the structure, CAs and AAAs sharemany histopathological and biomechanical characteristics. Endothelial celldamage, loss of elastin, and smooth muscle cell loss are universal findingsin CAs and AAAs. Increased matrix metalloproteinases and otherproteinases, reactive oxygen species, and inflammation also contribute tothe pathogenesis of both aneurysms. Conclusion : Our review revealed similar pathways in seemingly differentpathologies. We also highlight the need for cross-disciplinary studies toaid in finding similarities between pathologies.
Scott Weerasuriya,Savvas Vlachos,Ahmed Bobo,Namitha Birur Jayaprabhu,Lauren Matthews,Adam R Blackstock,Victoria Metaxa 대한중환자의학회 2023 Acute and Critical Care Vol.38 No.1
Background It can be challenging for clinicians to predict which patients with respiratory failure secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) will fail on high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen and require escalation of therapy. This study set out to evaluate the association between the respiratory rate-oxygenation index (ROX) and HFNC failure in such patients and to assess whether ROX trajectory correlates with treatment failure. Methods This was a single-centre, retrospective, observational study of patients with COVID-19 requiring HFNC, conducted over a 3-month period. ROX was calculated as "pulse-oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO2) over the fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2)/respiratory rate" for each patient at 2, 4, and 12 hours from starting HFNC. HFNC failure was defined as escalation to continuous positive airway pressure ventilation or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Time-to-event analyses were performed to account for the longitudinal data set and time-dependent variables. Results We included 146 patients. Ninety-three (63.7%) experienced HFNC failure, with 53 (36.3%) requiring IMV. Higher ROX values were associated with a lower subhazard of HFNC failure on time-to-HFNC failure analysis (subhazard ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18–0.46; P<0.001). This remained true after controlling for informative censoring. Median ROX values changed differentially over time, increasing in the HFNC success group (0.06 per hour; 95% CI, 0.05–0.08; P<0.001) but not in the HFNC failure group (0.004 per hour; 95% CI, –0.05 to 0.08; P=0.890). Conclusions A higher ROX is associated with a lower risk of HFNC failure. Monitoring ROX trajectory over time may help identify patients at risk of treatment failure. This has potential clinical applications; however, future prospective studies are required.