Relationships of Concentrations of Endocrine Factors at Antemortem and Postmortem Periods to Carcass Weight and Backfat Thickness in Pigs

Yun, J.S.,Seo, D.S.,Rhee, M.S.,Oh, S.,Kim, B.C.,Ko, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.3

Carcass weight and backfat thickness are two of important elements in determining the carcass trait in pigs and are studied on animal genetics, nutrition, and endocrinology. Growth factors stimulate or inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of various cells. In particular, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), transforming growth factor (TGF)-$\beta$, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are involved in the growth and maintenance of muscle. Also, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) and cortisol are known to be related to the obesity and subcutaneous fat depth in pigs. Therefore, this study was performed to relate growth factors (IGFs, TGF-${\beta}1$, and EGF) and hormones (cortisol and DHEA-S) concentrations at antemortem and postmortem periods to carcass traits including carcass weight and backfat thickness. Blood and m. Longissimus were collected in pigs at antemortem (30 days before slaughter) and postmortem periods. After slaughtered, carcass weight and backfat thickness were measured. Growth factors and hormones in serum and m. Longissimus were measured by radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked imuunosorbent assay. Before antemortem period, serum IGF-I and -II concentrations were positively correlated with the carcass weight and backfat thickness in gilts, and the concentrations of TGF- ${\beta}1$ and cortisol in barrows show the correlation with only carcass weight. Also, the positive correlations of muscular IGFs and TGF-${\beta}1$ at postmortem 45 min with the carcass weight and backfat thickness were detected. Consequently, these results suggest that the serum and muscular endocrine factors are involved in the carcass weight and backfat thickness in pigs.

Melatonin enhances arsenic trioxide-induced cell death via sustained upregulation of Redd1 expression in breast cancer cells

Yun, S.M.,Woo, S.H.,Oh, S.T.,Hong, S.E.,Choe, T.B.,Ye, S.K.,Kim, E.K.,Seong, M.K.,Kim, H.A.,Noh, W.C.,Lee, J.K.,Jin, H.O.,Lee, Y.H.,Park, I.C. North-Holland 2016 Molecular and cellular endocrinology Vol.422 No.-

Melatonin is implicated in various physiological functions, including anticancer activity. However, the mechanism(s) of its anticancer activity is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the combined effects of melatonin and arsenic trioxide (ATO) on cell death in human breast cancer cells. Melatonin enhanced the ATO-induced apoptotic cell death via changes in the protein levels of Survivin, Bcl-2, and Bax, thus affecting cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol. Interestingly, we found that the cell death induced by co-treatment with melatonin and ATO was mediated by sustained upregulation of Redd1, which was associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Combined treatment with melatonin and ATO induced the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAP kinase downstream from Redd1 expression. Rapamycin and S6K1 siRNA enhanced, while activation of mTORC1 by transfection with TSC2 siRNA suppressed the cell death induced by melatonin and ATO treatment. Taken together, our findings suggest that melatonin enhances ATO-induced apoptotic cell death via sustained upregulation of Redd1 expression and inhibition of mTORC1 upstream of the activation of the p38/JNK pathways in human breast cancer cells.

IDENTIFICATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL VOID PROFILE IN A LARGE SLAB GEOMETRY USING AN IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT METHOD

Euh, D.J.,Kim, S.,Kim, B.D.,Park, W.M.,Kim, K.D.,Bae, J.H.,Lee, J.Y.,Yun, B.J. Korean Nuclear Society 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.5

Multi-dimensional two-phase phenomena occur in many industrial applications, particularly in a nuclear reactor during steady operation or a transient period. Appropriate modeling of complicated behavior induced by a multi-dimensional flow is important for the reactor safety analysis results. SPACE, a safety analysis code for thermal hydraulic systems which is currently being developed, was designed to have the capacity of multi-dimensional two-phase thermo-dynamic phenomena induced in the various phases of a nuclear system. To validate the performance of SPACE, a two-dimensional two-phase flow test was performed with slab geometry of the test section having a scale of $1.43m{\times}1.43m{\times}0.11m$. The test section has three inlet and three outlet nozzles on the bottom and top gap walls, respectively, and two outlet nozzles installed directly on the surface of the slab. Various kinds of two-dimensional air/water flows were simulated by selecting combinations of the inlet and outlet nozzles. In this study, two-dimensional two-phase void fraction profiles were quantified by measuring the local gap impedance at 225 points. The flow conditions cover various flow regimes by controlling the flow rate at the inlet boundary. For each selected inlet and outlet nozzle combination, the water flow rate ranged from 2 to 20 kg/s, and the air flow rate ranged from 2.0 to 20 g/s, which corresponds to 0.4 to 4 m/s and 0.2 to 2.3 m/s of the superficial liquid and gas velocities based on the inlet port area, respectively.

High lipid composition of particulate organic matter in the northern Chukchi Sea, 2011

Kim, B.K.,Lee, J.H.,Yun, M.S.,Joo, H.,Song, H.J.,Yang, E.J.,Chung, K.H.,Kang, S.H.,Lee, S.H. Pergamon Press 2015 Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oce Vol.120 No.-

We investigated the biochemical compositions (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) of particulate organic matter (POM) as a potential food source in the northern Chukchi Sea. We aimed to understand physiological status of phytoplankton, determine important controlling factors, and estimate the energetic contents of POM. The major inorganic nutrients were generally depleted at upper mixed-layer depth (>20m). The average chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration was 31.9mgm<SUP>-2</SUP> (S.D.=+/-31.3mgm<SUP>-2</SUP>) in this study, significantly higher than that reported previously in the northern Chukchi Sea. Small phytoplankton (0.7-5@?m) accounted for 65.9% of total chl-a concentration. The overall average compositions of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins were 50% (S.D.=+/-10.7%), 35% (S.D.=+/-11.0%), and 15% (S.D.=+/-11.2%) for POM, respectively. Along with other evidence (e.g., low N:P and protein-carbohydrate ratios), the high lipid and low protein compositions of POM in this study suggests that phytoplankton might have had a nitrogen limitation and/or stationary growth phase in the northern Chukchi Sea during the cruise period, 2011. The overall average calorific content of food material (FM) was 149.2μgL<SUP>-1</SUP> (S.D.=+/-36.5μgL<SUP>-1</SUP>) or 1.0Kcalm<SUP>-3</SUP> (S.D.=+/-0.2Kcalm<SUP>-3</SUP>). The relatively higher calorific contents in the northern Chukchi Sea were due to high lipid contributions and the considerably high calorific content of FM per POC.

Pinoresinol-4,4'-di-O-β-d-glucoside from Valeriana officinalis root stimulates calcium mobilization and chemotactic migration of mouse embryo fibroblasts

Do, K.H.,Choi, Y.W.,Kim, E.K.,Yun, S.J.,Kim, M.S.,Lee, S.Y.,Ha, J.M.,Kim, J.H.,Kim, C.D.,Son, B.G.,Kang, J.S.,Khan, I.A.,Bae, S.S. G. Fischer 2009 Phytomedicine Vol.16 No.6

Lignans are major constituents of plant extracts and have important pharmacological effects on mammalian cells. Here we showed that pinoresinol-4,4'-di-O-β-d-glucoside (PDG) from Valeriana officinalis induced calcium mobilization and cell migration through the activation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor subtypes. Stimulation of mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cells with 10μM PDG resulted in strong stimulation of MEF cell migration and the EC<SUB>50</SUB> was about 2μM. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX), an inhibitor of G<SUB>i</SUB> protein, completely blocked PDG-induced cell migration demonstrating that PDG evokes MEF cell migration through the activation of the G<SUB>i</SUB>-coupled receptor. Furthermore, pretreatment of MEF cells with Ki16425 (10μM), which is a selective antagonist for LPA<SUB>1</SUB> and LPA<SUB>3</SUB> receptors, completely blocked PDG-induced cell migration. Likewise, PDG strongly induced calcium mobilization, which was also blocked by Ki16425 in a dose-dependent manner. Prior occupation of the LPA receptor with LPA itself completely blocked PDG-induced calcium mobilization. Finally, PDG-induced MEF cell migration was attenuated by pretreatment with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor such as LY294002. Cells lacking downstream mediator of PI3K such as Akt1 and Akt2 (DKO cells) showed loss of PDG-induced migration. Re-expression of Akt1 (but not Akt2) completely restored PDG-induced DKO cell migration. Given these results, we conclude that PDG is a strong inducer of cell migration. We suggest that the pharmacological action of PDG may occur through the activation of an LPA receptor whereby activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway mediates PDG-induced MEF cell migration.

Micronization and characterization of squid lecithin/polyethylene glycol composite using particles from gas saturated solutions (PGSS) process

Yun, J.H.,Lee, H.Y.,Asaduzzaman, A.K.M.,Chun, B.S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2013 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.19 No.2

Lecithin was isolated from squid viscera residues after supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO<SUB>2</SUB>) extraction at 25MPa and 45<SUP>o</SUP>C. The particle formation of squid lecithin with biodegradable polymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was performed by PGSS using SC-CO<SUB>2</SUB> in a thermostatted stirred vessel. By applying different temperatures (40 and 50<SUP>o</SUP>C) and pressures (20-30MPa), conditions were optimized. Two nozzles of different diameters (250 and 300μm) were used for PGSS and the reaction time was 1h. The average diameter of the particles obtained by PGSS at different conditions was about 0.74-1.62μm. The lowest average size of lecithin particle with PEG was found by the highest SC-CO<SUB>2</SUB> density conditions with the stirring speed of 400rpm and nozzle size of 250μm. The inclusion of lecithin in PEG was quantified by HPLC. Acid value and peroxide value was measured after micronization of lecithin.

Detection and Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Joint Biopsy Specimens by rpoB PCR Cloning and Sequencing

Yun, Y.-J.,Lee, K.-H.,Haihua, L.,Ryu, Y.-J.,Kim, B.-J.,Lee, Y.-H.,Baek, G.-H.,Kim, H.-J.,Chung, M.-S.,Lee, M.-C.,Lee, S.-H.,Choi, I.-H.,Cho, T.-J.,Chang, B.-S.,Kook, Y.-H. American Society for Microbiology 2005 Journal of clinical microbiology Vol.43 No.1

<P>Osteoarticular tuberculosis (OAT) is an extrapulmonary tuberculosis and accounts for 1 to 3% of all tuberculosis cases. We used an rpoB PCR-plasmid TA cloning-sequencing method to detect and identify tubercle bacilli in surgical specimens from patients suspected of having OAT. By comparing the similarities of the rpoB sequences determined with those in GenBank, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 23 of 43 samples. Three of the 23 positive samples had mutations at codon 531, which are commonly observed in rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis strains. Our results suggest that the rpoB PCR-TA cloning-sequencing method developed, which detects M. tuberculosis and which simultaneously determines its rifampin susceptibility, can also be used efficiently for the diagnosis of OAT.</P>

Inhibitory effect of obovatol on nitric oxide production and activation of NF-κB/MAP kinases in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7cells

Choi, M.S.,Lee, S.H.,Cho, H.S.,Kim, Y.,Yun, Y.P.,Jung, H.Y.,Jung, J.K.,Lee, B.C.,Pyo, H.B.,Hong, J.T. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2007 european journal of pharmacology Vol.556 No.1

The components of Magnolia obovata are known to have many pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of obovatol, a neolignan compound isolated from the leaves of M. obovata, on nitric oxide (NO) production and NF-κB activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The results show that obovatol (1-5 μM) significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production in a concentration-dependent manner (IC<SUB>50</SUB>: 0.91 μM). Consistent with the inhibitory effect on NO production, obovatol inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Furthermore, obovatol suppressed NF-κB (p50 and p65) translocation to the nucleus as well as IκB release resulting in the inhibition of the DNA binding activity of the NF-κB. Obovatol also inhibited c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal, which are the most significantly involved signal in NO production and NF-κB activation. When the cells were treated with the combination of obovatol with U0126 (an ERK inhibitor) or SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) as well as with SC-514 (an IKK2 inhibitor), much more inhibition of NO production was observed than that by obovatol alone. The present results suggest that obovatol has an inhibitory effect on NO production through the inhibition of NF-κB/MAPK activity, and thus can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.

핀-관 열교환기의 공기측 전열과 압력강하 특성

이상재(S.J.Lee),김대훈(D.H.Kim),이민규(M.K.Lee),권영철(Y.C.Kweon),장근선(K.S.Chang),윤준원(J.W.Yun),정지환(J.H.Jeong) 대한기계학회 2002 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2002 No.5

The purpose of this study is to investigate me characteristics of the air-side heat transfer and pressure drop on the fin pattern of six types of φ 9.52 nun finned-tube heat exchangers. An air-enthalpy Calorimeter is used in this experiment. Experiments are carried out by changing velocity (from 0.7 m/s to 1.5 m/s). From results, we can see that the air-side heat transfer coefficients and the pressure drop depend upon the geometry of the heat exchanger. With increasing the inlet air velocity, the heat transfer and the pressure drop increase linearly and exponentially, respectively. At the same heat transfer area, the heat transfers in the low velocities are nearly the same and those in 1.5 m/s have the maximum 3% difference. The pressure drops have the different trend for the fin patterns.

Contribution of small phytoplankton to total primary production in the Chukchi Sea

Lee, S.H.,Sun Yun, M.,Kyung Kim, B.,Joo, H.,Kang, S.H.,Keun Kang, C.,Whitledge, T.E. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2013 Continental shelf research Vol.68 No.-

Given a projection of thriving small phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean under climate-induced environmental changes, it is important to estimate the contribution of small phytoplankton (0.7-5μm) to the total primary production in the Chukchi Sea, which is an important conduit of organic matter from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean. Based on a <SUP>13</SUP>C-<SUP>15</SUP>N dual isotope tracer technique, small phytoplankton productivity measurements were taken during two consecutive cruises in the Chukchi Sea in 2004. The total phytoplankton carbon uptake rates ranged from 0 to 25.38mgCm<SUP>-3</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP>, whereas the uptake rates of small phytoplankton ranged from 0 to 2.87mgCm<SUP>-3</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP>. In comparison with the carbon uptake rates, total phytoplankton nitrate uptake rates ranged from 0 to 4.40mgNm<SUP>-3</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP> while small phytoplankton nitrate uptake rates ranged from 0 to 0.39mgNm<SUP>-3</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP>. Ammonium uptake rates ranged from 0 to 8.34mgNm<SUP>-3</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP> and from 0.01 to 2.18mgNm<SUP>-3</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP>, for total and small phytoplankton, respectively. Small phytoplankton contributed 24.80% (S.D.=+/-23.0%) to the total chlorophyll-a concentration, and 59.41% (S.D.=+/-52.12%) to the total carbon biomass due to its higher particulate organic carbon per chlorophyll-a unit during the two cruises in 2004. In the Chukchi Sea, the average contributions of small phytoplankton to carbon and total nitrogen (nitrate+ammonium) uptake rates were 31.72% (S.D.=+/-23.59%) and 37.31% (S.D.=+/-26.06%), respectively.