Physiological and biochemical characterization of sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis) reveals insights into photosynthetic apparatus coping with low-phosphate stress conditions

Lingyu Li,Haomeng Yang,Weibo Ren,Bei Liu,Dongmei Cheng,Xinhong Wu,Jirui Gong,Lianwei Peng,Fang Huang 한국식물학회 2016 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.59 No.4

Sheepgrass [Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel] is a valuble forage plant highly significant to regional grassland productivity of Euro-Asia steppes. Although effects of environmental stress including drought have been studied, impact of nutrient deficiency in particular phosphate (Pi), one of the essential macronutrient, is not reported. Here, we investigated low-Pi effect on its photosynthetic apparatus via physiological and biochemical analysis. We show that PSII activity was significantly reduced based on chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. We observed decreased amount of core proteins of PSII by immunoblot analysis. Further analysis of thylakoid membranes using 2D-BN/SDS-PAGE and immunoblot detection demonstrated that the amount of PSII complexes was closely correlated with the Pi levels within the range. Together with reduced number of thylakoid grana stackings observed, we suggest that the maintenance of PSII is impaired under Pi-limited condition. Moreover, enzyme activity assays revealed that the activity of several ROS scavenger enzymes was stimulated by low-Pi treatment. Based on these experimental results we conclude that PSII is the component of photosynthetic apparatus most sensitive to Pi supply and the enhanced anti-ROS activity is mainly subjective to protection of PSII against low Pi-induced photo-oxidative stress in the organism.

Impact of Grafting Density on the Self-Assembly and Hydrophilicity of Succinylated Collagen

Wenxin Wang,Feiyi Shu,Lingyu Pan,Shanshan Huang,Xiao Tu,Ping Li,Siman Li,Yuanyuan Li,Chengzhi Xu,Yang Sun,Juntao Zhang,Haibo Wang 한국고분자학회 2020 Macromolecular Research Vol.28 No.6

Modification of protein could give their new functionality but would affect their intrinsic property and activity. In this paper, a series of succinylated collagen (SCol(n/1)) (n≥1) were prepared by modification of collagen with succinic anhydride at different molar ratio to amino groups amount of collagen. The impact of grafting density on the intrinsic self-assembly and additional hydrophilicity of succinylated collagen was explored. The results revealed that excessive grafting density of succinylated collagen would improve their hydrophilicity but weaken their self-assembly property, although the triple helix of collagen could be reserved after succinylation. SCol(1/1) (grafting density of 17%) with self-assembly property and good hydrophilicity was chosen to compare with native collagen. Compared to native collagen, thermostability of SCol(1/1) decreased slightly, however, SCol(1/1) could form softer hydrogel, which was more favorable for the proliferation of NIH/3 T3. The present work would help us to further understand the importance of grafting density for the design of modified collagen with intrinsic self-assembly property and additional new functionality.

The evolution of microstructure and resistance in electroplated copper films by linear integrated laser scanning annealing

Lingyue Tan,Silin Han,Shuhui Chen,Tao Hang,Huiqin Ling,Yunwen Wu,Ming Li 대한금속·재료학회 2021 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.17 No.2

Thermal treatment is an effective way to decrease the resistivity and internal stress by inducing grain growth accompaniedwith redistribution of embedded impurities. With the narrowing of Cu interconnects in IC packaging, the increased resistanceis becoming the main issue that hindering the electrical performance of IC. Herein, a laser annealing method by linerscanning (LALS) to anneal the Cu interconnects were reported which provide a gradient thermal field for the crystallographic/microstructure transition. The impacts of laser annealing on the sheet resistance of the electroplating Cu films wereinvestigated in aspects of microstructure and phase field simulation. Cu films treated by LALS owned larger average grainsize, better recrystallization fraction, and significantly higher average grain aspect ratio than conventional annealing, whichindicated the increased driving force for grain boundaries evolution by LALS method. This study exhibited the direct evidenceon the impacts of laser annealing process on the resistance of electroplated Cu films. The laser annealing process witha local temperature gradient caused a significant decline in Cu electrical resistance compared to the conventional annealingprocess, indicating its extraordinary potential in improving Cu wire conductivity. This work will provide a scientific basis forselecting the post-treatment process for electrodeposited Cu films to achieve ideal electrical properties and microstructurein electronics industry applications.

The Influence of Regional Intellectual Capital on Regional Economic Development-Evidence from China

Liu Chao,Li Xiao,Xu Lingyu 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.6

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between regional intellectual capital and economic performance in China. Using the methods of factor analysis and ridge regression, this paper makes an empirical study on the function of regional intellectual capital (RIC) on regional economic development by evaluating the RIC of 17 cities in Shandong Province in 2012. It is found that RIC and the development of regional economy are positively correlated and regional intellectual capital explains 29.9 percent of the growth of GDP. But there exists some differences in the degree of their contribution to the economic development. In the four elements of intellectual capital, the regional innovation capital and structure capital have larger contribution on regional economic development than relational capital and human capital. And there also exists some differences in the level of RIC in different areas. Based on the results of such research, it will then be possible to recommend appropriate comments and suggestions of promoting balanced development of regional economy through the development of RIC.

Attentional Connectivity-based Prediction of Autism Using Heterogeneous rs-fMRI Data from CC200 Atlas

Yaya Liu,Lingyu Xu,Jun Li,Jie Yu,Xuan Yu 한국뇌신경과학회 2020 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.29 No.1

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental syndrome characterized by obvious drawbacks in sociality and communication. It has crucial significance to exactly discern the individuals with ASD and typical controls (TC). Previous imaging studies on ASD/TC identification have made remarkable progress in the exploration of objective as well as crucial biomarkers associated with ASD. However, glaring deficiency is manifested by the investigation on solely homogeneous and small datasets. Thus, we attempted to unveil some replicable and robust neural patterns of autism using a heterogeneous multi-site brain imaging dataset from ABIDE (Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange). Experiments were carried out with an attention mechanism based on Extra-Trees algorithm, taking the study object of brain connectivity measured with the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of CC200 atlas. With cross-validation strategy, our proposed method resulted in a mean classification accuracy of 72.2% (sensitivity=68.6%, specificity=75.4%). It raised the precision of ASD prediction by about 2% and specificity by 3.2% in comparison with the most competitive reported effort. Connectivity analysis on the optimal model highlighted informative regions strongly involved in the social cognition as well as interaction, and manifested lower correlation between the anterior and posterior default mode network (DMN) in autistic individuals than controls. This observation is concordant with previous studies, which enables our proposed method to effectively identify the individuals with risk of ASD.

Cordycepin inhibits chondrocyte hypertrophy of mesenchymal stem cells through PI3K/Bapx1 and Notch signaling pathway

( Zhen Cao ),( Ce Dou ),( Jianmei Li ),( Xiangyu Tang ),( Junyu Xiang ),( Chunrong Zhao ),( Lingyu Zhu ),( Yun Bai ),( Qiang Xiang ),( Shiwu Dong ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2016 BMB Reports Vol.49 No.10

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in cartilage tissue engineering to repair articular cartilage defects. However, hypertrophy of chondrocytes derived from MSCs might hinder the stabilization of hyaline cartilage. Thus, it is very important to find a suitable way to maintain the chondrogenic phenotype of chondrocytes. It has been reported that cordycepin has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor functions. However, the role of cordycepin in chondrocyte hypertrophy remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of cordycepin on chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy in MSCs and ATDC5 cells. Cordycepin upregulated chondrogenic markers including Sox9 and collagen type II while down-regulated hypertrophic markers including Runx2 and collagen type X. Further exploration showed that cordycepin promoted chondrogenesis through inhibiting Nrf2 while activating BMP signaling. Besides, cordycepin suppressed chondrocyte hypertrophy through PI3K/Bapx1 pathway and Notch signaling. Our results indicated cordycepin had the potential to maintain chondrocyte phenotype and reconstruct engineered cartilage. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(10): 548-553]

Characterization of a Strain of Malva Vein Clearing Virus in Alcea rosea via Deep Sequencing

Defu Wang,Liyan Cui,Yanni Pei,Zhennan Ma,Shaofei Shen,Dandan Long,Lingyu Li,Yanbing Niu 한국식물병리학회 2020 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.36 No.5

Malva vein clearing virus (MVCV) is a member of the Potyvirus species, and has a negative impact on the aesthetic development of Alcea rosea. It was first reported in Germany in 1957, but its complete genome sequence data are still scarce. In the present work, A. rosea leaves with vein-clearing and mosaic symptoms were sampled and analyzed with small RNA deep sequencing. By denovo assembly the raw sequences of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRs) and whole genome amplification of malva vein cleaning virus SX strain (MVCVSX) by specific primers targeting identified contig gaps, the full-length genome sequences (9,645 nucleotides) of MVCV-SX were characterized, constituting of an open reading frame that is long enough to encode 3,096 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MVCVSX was clustered with euphorbia ringspot virus and yam mosaic virus. Further analyses of the vsiR profiles revealed that the most abundant MVCV-vsiRs were between 21 and 22 nucleotides in length and a strong bias was found for “A” and “U” at the 5′-terminal residue. The results of polarity assessment indicated that the amount of sense strand was almost equal to that of the antisense strand in MVCV-vsiRs, and the main hot-spot region in MVCV-SX genome was found at cylindrical inclusion. In conclusion, our findings could provide new insights into the RNA silencing-mediated host defence mechanism in A. rosea infected with MVCV-SX, and offer a basis for the prevention and treatment of this virus disease.

Host Langerin (CD207) is a receptor for <i>Yersinia pestis</i> phagocytosis and promotes dissemination

Yang, Kun,Park, Chae G,Cheong, Cheolho,Bulgheresi, Silvia,Zhang, Shusheng,Zhang, Pei,He, Yingxia,Jiang, Lingyu,Huang, Hongping,Ding, Honghui,Wu, Yiping,Wang, Shaogang,Zhang, Lin,Li, Anyi,Xia, Lianxu,B Nature Publishing Group 2015 Immunology and Cell Biology Vol. No.

<P><I>Yersinia pestis</I> is a Gram‐negative bacterium that causes plague. After <I>Y. pestis</I> overcomes the skin barrier, it encounters antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), such as Langerhans and dendritic cells. They transport the bacteria from the skin to the lymph nodes. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in bacterial transmission are unclear. Langerhans cells (LCs) express Langerin (CD207), a calcium‐dependent (C‐type) lectin. Furthermore, <I>Y. pestis</I> possesses exposed core oligosaccharides. In this study, we show that <I>Y. pestis</I> invades LCs and Langerin‐expressing transfectants. However, when the bacterial core oligosaccharides are shielded or truncated, <I>Y. pestis</I> propensity to invade Langerhans and Langerin‐expressing cells decreases. Moreover, the interaction of <I>Y. pestis</I> with Langerin‐expressing transfectants is inhibited by purified Langerin, a DC‐SIGN (DC‐specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3 grabbing nonintegrin)‐like molecule, an anti‐CD207 antibody, purified core oligosaccharides and several oligosaccharides. Furthermore, covering core oligosaccharides reduces the mortality associated with murine infection by adversely affecting the transmission of <I>Y. pestis</I> to lymph nodes. These results demonstrate that direct interaction of core oligosaccharides with Langerin facilitates the invasion of LCs by <I>Y. pestis</I>. Therefore, Langerin‐mediated binding of <I>Y. pestis</I> to APCs may promote its dissemination and infection.</P>