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Phytocannabinoids, the Endocannabinoid System and Male Reproduction
Lim Jinhwan,Squire Erica,Jung Kwang-Mook 대한남성과학회 2023 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.41 No.1
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is comprised of a set of lipid-derived messengers (the endocannabinoids, ECBs), proteins that control their production and degradation, and cell-surface cannabinoid (CB) receptors that transduce their actions. ECB molecules such as 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (arachidonoyl ethanolamide) are produced on de-mand and deactivated through enzymatic actions tightly regulated both temporally and spatially, serving homeostatic roles in order to respond to various challenges to the body. Key components of the ECS are present in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which plays critical roles in the development and regulation of the reproductive system in both males and females. ECB signaling controls the action at each stage of the HPG axis through CB receptors expressed in the hypothal-amus, pituitary, and reproductive organs such as the testis and ovary. It regulates the secretion of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, testosterone, and affects spermatogenesis in males. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other phytocannabinoids from Cannabis sativa affect a variety of physiological processes by altering, or under certain conditions hijacking, the ECB system. Therefore, phy-tocannabinoids, in particular THC, may modify the homeostasis of the HPG axis by altering CB receptor signaling and cause deficits in reproductive function. While the ability of phytocannabinoids, THC and/or cannabidiol (CBD), to reduce pain and inflammation provides promising opportunities for therapeutic intervention for genitourinary and degenerative disorders, im-portant questions remain regarding their unwanted long-term effects. It is nevertheless clear that the therapeutic potential of modulating the ECS calls for further scientific and clinical investigation.
Lim, Daeun,Lee, Eunsu,Kim, Haneul,Park, Sungmin,Baek, Seulgi,Yoon, Jinhwan The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 SOFT MATTER Vol.11 No.8
<P>Extensive research efforts have been devoted to the development of hydrogel microfibers for tissue engineering, because the vascular structure is related to the transport of nutrients and oxygen as well as the control of metabolic and mechanical functions in the human body. Even though stimuli-responsive properties would enhance the potential applicability of hydrogel microfibers for artificial tissue architectures, previous studies of their fabrication have not considered changes in the microfibers in response to external stimuli. In this work, we prepared temperature-responsive poly(<I>N</I>-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) microfibers with controlled shapes and sizes by the <I>in situ</I> photo-polymerization of aqueous monomers loaded in calcium alginate templates generated from microcapillary devices. We found that the shape and size of the hydrogel microfibers could be controlled by adjusting the injection positions of the solutions and varying the diameters of the inner capillary, respectively. We further fabricated light-responsive materials by incorporating photothermal magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) within the temperature-responsive PNIPAm hydrogel microfibers. Because the MNPs incorporated into the PNIPAm microfibers generated heat upon the absorption of visible light, we could demonstrate volume changes in the microfibers triggered by both visible light irradiation and temperature.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Hydrogel microfibers containing magnetite nanoparticles prepared using a microfluidic device show a volume change in response to the visible light irradiation as well as increasing temperature. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4sm02564d'> </P>
Lim, Kyung Taek,Kim, Hyoungtaek,Kim, Jinhwan,Cho, Gyuseong Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.2
In this paper, the single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) featuring three different p-well implantation doses (∅<sub>p-well</sub>) of 5.0 × 10<sup>12</sup>, 4.0 × 10<sup>12</sup>, and 3.0 × 10<sup>12</sup> atoms/cm<sup>2</sup> under the identical device layouts were fabricated and characterized to evaluate the effects of field enhanced mechanisms on primary dark pulses due to the maximum electric field. From the I-V curves, the breakdown voltages were found as 23.2 V, 40.5 V, and 63.1 V with decreasing ∅<sub>p-well</sub>, respectively. By measuring DCRs as a function of temperature, we found a reduction of approximately 8% in the maximum electric field lead to a nearly 72% decrease in the DCR at V<sub>ex</sub> = 5 V and T = 25 ℃. Also, the activation energy increased from 0.43 eV to 0.50 eV, as decreasing the maximum electric field. Finally, we discuss the importance of electric field engineering in reducing the field-enhanced mechanisms contributing to the DCR in SPADs and the benefits on the SPADs related to different types of radiation detection applications.
타이어 성능 해석 자동화 및 최적화 프로세스 개발에 관한 연구
이진환(Jinhwan Lee),송병철(ByoungCheol Song),임종현(Jonghyun Lim),김성래(Seongrae Kim),성기득(Kideug Sung) 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2011 No.11
Tires should be satisfied various performances such as R&H, NVH, traction, and etc. To design tires considering these performances, we applied a multi-objective optimization method using metamodel to tires design and a finite element analysis to predict tire’s performances. However, building metamodel requires many repeatedly jobs for FEA in tire design optimization. In this study, to overcome these problems, we develped the FEA automation and design optimization process for tire design using commercial software Isight and the in-house code, and applied the process to a shape design optimization of tire contour to decrease tire`s rolling resistance to verify effects of the process from results of processing time.
Quantitative analysis of NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometry using an artificial neural network
Kim, Jinhwan,Lim, Kyung Taek,Kim, Junhyeok,Kim, Chang-jong,Jeon, Byoungil,Park, Kyeongjin,Kim, Giyoon,Kim, Hojik,Cho, Gyuseong Elsevier BV * North-Holland 2019 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this manuscript, we propose an algorithm based on an artificial neural network (ANN) for the analysis of the NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectra with radioisotope (RI) mixtures to identify RIs and determine the relative activity levels of the identified RIs. The ANN was trained based on the spectra that were generated by synthesizing previously identified spectra from single RIs, considering the characteristics of the measurement environments, such as gain shift effects and statistical fluctuations in the spectrum. The proposed ANN was evaluated through several measured spectra that contained up to six certified reference materials for a quantitative analysis. We also evaluated the shift in the spectra due to temperature variations in the range of 0–50 °C and the low-count spectra with a one-second acquisition period. These results were compared with those from an ANN trained through simulated spectra to emphasize the importance of acquiring a high-quality training dataset. In addition, we show that complex low-resolution spectra can be accurately analyzed with the proposed ANN under various scenarios, in which the maximum root mean square error was found to be 2.8%.</P>