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플라즈마 질화법에 의한 SKD 11 공구강의 표면 경화에 관한 연구
유용주,이재식,공경준 울산대학교 1996 공학연구논문집 Vol.27 No.2
본 연구는 온도범위 450 - 650℃, NH₃ 가스유량 0.5 - 2.1 l/min., 처리시간 20 - 110분의 조건에서 SKD 11 냉간 금형용 공구강을 플라즈마 질화처리하여 강 표면에 생성된 경화층(화합물층 및 확산층)의 조성 및 두께와 각각의 경도값을 조사하여 질화의 최적조건을 찾고자 하였다. 반응온도 550℃, NH₃2.1 l/min., 반응시간 110분일 경우 14㎛의 최대 화합물층을 얻었으며, 반응온도 550℃, NH₃1.65 l/min.로 110분간 반응시켰을 때 생성된 확산층은 210㎛였으며, 최대 질화층은 220㎛이었다. 또한, 플라즈마 질화처리한 SKD 11 냉간 금형용 공구강 표면과 화합물층을 XRD로 분석한 결과 450℃와 500℃에서는 r' - Fe₄N + α - Fe로, 550℃에서는 r' - Fe₄N - ε -Fe₂₃N, 그리고 600℃ 이상에서는 r' - Fe₄N + α + Fe로 구성되어 있는 혼합상이었다. 550℃, NH₃1.65l/min., 80분간 질화처리 하였을 때 생성된 질화층의 최대표면경도는 Hv 1100이었다. The plasma nitriding of SKD 11 tool steel has been studied at the temperature between 450℃ and 650℃ with gas flow rate of NH₃ 0.5 to 2.1 l/min. for 20 to 110 minutes. The phases of compound layer formed below 500℃ and above 600℃ was mixtures of r'-Fe₄N and α- Fe phases, while the phases formed at 550℃ was r'-Fe₄N and ε-Fe₂₄N phases. The thichness of compound layer formed at 550℃ with gas flow of NH₃2.1 l/min. for 110 minutes was 14㎛. The thickness fo nitrided layer formed at 550℃ with gas flow rate of NH₃1.65 l/min. for 110 minutes was 220㎛. The nitrided layer was composed of 10㎛ compound layer and 210㎛ diffusion layer. The hardness of nitrided layer formed at 550℃ with gas flow rate of NH₃ 1.65 l/min. for 80minutes was Hv 1100.
이경식(Kyeong Sig Lee),조영현(Yeong Hyun Jo),김종기(Chong Ki Kim),전수경(Sue Kyung Jun) 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2010 한국마린엔지니어링학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.4
Characteristics of tide, tidal currents and wind wave were investigated on the low water line for the winter in Hampyung Bay through in situ water level data, tidal currents and wave records. The low water line is located about 300m from the shore line and exposed to the air for 150 minutes during spring tide and for 60 minutes during neap tide. Tide appeared to be the semidiurnal tide and showed the diurnal inequality. The observed tidal currents represented the asymmetric ebb-tide dominance that the ebb time was shorter than the flood time. The significant wind wave height is less than 0.21m with frequency of few seconds. During the neap tide, there was the wave with the frequency of 20 ~ 60 seconds and the height below 0.05m.
Study of Grain Appearance and Sensory Preference of African on Rice Ecotype
Jeom-Sig Lee,Jeong-Heui Lee,Mi-Ra Yoon,Jieun Kwak,Areum-Chun,Kyung-Ho Kang,Ji-Ung Jeung,Jaebuhm Chun,Bo-Kyeong Kim 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07
The objective of this study was to evaluate grain appearance and cooked rice taste preferred by Africans for the rice ecotype of one Japonica variety, one Indica variety, and two varieties of Tongil type as compared with Korean’s preference. The preferred grain appearance by Africans who have participated as panelists was in the order of grain length, aroma, and shape, while Korean preferred rice quality in the order of appearance(head rice) and grain length. Africans preferred imported Indica rice from Thailand the most, while Korean preferred Japonica Haimi the most. Overall, African preferred aromatic rice with long grain, while Korean preferred short grain rice with high head rice ratio. In the evaluation of cooked rice taste, there was no significant statistical difference between varieties preferred by Africans. Whereas, Koreans showed clear preference in the order of Haiami > Dasan 1 = Hanareum > Indica rice. The preference analysis results of cooked rice taste subjected to Japonica and Indica which showed clear preference by Koreans revealed that Africans from Cameroon, DR Congo, and Tanzania preferred Haimai. Meanwhile, the Africans from Uganda, Mali, and Nigeria preferred imported Indica rice from Thailand. The Africans from Kenya, Malawi, Ghana, and Sudan showed similar preference among Japonica and Indica varieties. The study results indicated that Africans had different preference of cooked rice taste for eco-type rice varieties by different nations. It is regarded that additional research would be conducted to evaluate cooked rice taste by the appropriate numbers of panelists from various field and by the various rice varieties including rice variety preferred by different African countries.
벼 생태형별 아프리카인의 쌀 외관품질 및 밥맛 선호도 평가
이점식 ( Jeom Sig Lee ),이정희 ( Jeong Heui Lee ),윤미라 ( Mi Ra Yoon ),곽지은 ( Jieun Kwak ),천아름 ( Areum Chun ),강경호 ( Kyung Ho Kang ),정지웅 ( Ji Ung Jeung ),전재범 ( Jaebuhm Chun ),김보경 ( Bo Kyeong Kim ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2014 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.26 No.3
The objective of this study was to evaluate grain appearance and cooked rice taste preferred by Africans for the rice ecotype of one Japonica variety, one Indica variety, and two varieties of Tongil type as compared with Korean’s preference. The preferred grain appearance by Africans who have participated as panelists was in the order of grain length, aroma, and shape, while Korean preferred rice quality in the order of appearance(head rice) and grain length. Africans preferred imported Indica rice from Thailand the most, while Korean preferred Japonica Haimi the most. Overall, African preferred aromatic rice with long grain, while Korean preferred short grain rice with high head rice ratio. In the evaluation of cooked rice taste, there was no significant statistical difference between varieties preferred by Africans. Whereas, Koreans showed clear preference in the order of Haiami > Dasan 1 = Hanareum > Indica rice. The preference analysis results of cooked rice taste subjected to Japonica and Indica which showed clear preference by Koreans revealed that Africans from Cameroon, DR Congo, and Tanzania preferred Haimai. Meanwhile, the Africans from Uganda, Mali, and Nigeria preferred imported Indica rice from Thailand. The Africans from Kenya, Malawi, Ghana, and Sudan showed similar preference among Japonica and Indica varieties. The study results indicated that Africans had different preference of cooked rice taste for eco-type rice varieties by different nations. It is regarded that additional research would be conducted to evaluate cooked rice taste by the appropriate numbers of panelists from various field and by the various rice varieties including rice variety preferred by different African countries.
Endocrine substances activity of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus according to feed condition
Su-Jin Park,Su-Jung Jo,Seung-Baek Lee,Biet Thanh Tran,Jae-Sig Kim,Jin-Woo Song,Bong-Joo Lee,Sang-Woo Hur,Seunghyung Lee,Taek-Jeong Nam,Kyeong-Jun Lee,Youn Hee Choi 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2021 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.4
Kyeong Ho Kim,Jun Ki Ahn,Young Bok Ryu,Jae Ho Baek,Su Kyoung Kim,Min A Bae,Man Sig Lee 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.05
Reuse, recycling and recovery (3R) of industrial wastes are common and encouraging in Korea. Industrial symbiosis is one of typical methods for implementing 3R and has been defined as engaging “traditionally separate industries in a collective approach to competitive advantage involving physical exchange of materials, energy, water, and by-products”. The keys to industrial symbiosis are collaboration and the synergistic possibilities offered by geographic proximity. Recently, several countries in East Asia such as Taiwan, South Korea, Japan and China are promoting ‘designed’ symbiosis networks in various industrial complexes based on their national Eco-industrial Park (EIP) demonstration programs. Despite the recently promoted EIP initiatives worldwide, only very few studies furnish the operational and functional details of ‘designed’ industrial symbiosis networks, starting from the planning to implementation stage. The production of terephthalic acid (TPA) in Korea is 6.5 million ton based on 2011. The production of waste generated in the process of TPA is about 15,000 ton/yr and included useful materials like residue TPA as well as isophthalic acid (iPA), benzoic acid (BA) and p-toluic acid (p-TL). Until now, TPA waste was incinerated due to high caloric value. This study was conducted for recovery of valuable materials from industrial waste and utilization of recovered material as an example of Korean EIP. In this study, the experiment was performed to separate above four materials from the waste by solvent (methanol and water) extraction. The solubility of TPA (0.1g/100g) for methanol is relatively low compared to other materials. Also the solubility of BA (68g/L at 95℃) and p-TL (11.6g/L at 98℃) for water is relatively high in comparison with other materials. Finally, BA was separated from p-TL by molecular distillation system. The purity of recovered materials was analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (Waters Xevo TQ system). The recovery rate and purity of BA is 90% and 93%. The recovered BA could be recycled the companies which are produced plastic plasticizer and paints.
( Kyeong Ho Kim ),( Jun Ki Ahn ),( Young Bok Ryu ),( Jae Ho Baek ),( Su Kyoung Kim ),( Min A Bae ),( Man Sig Lee ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.-
Reuse, recycling and recovery (3R) of industrial wastes are common and encouraging in Korea. Industrial symbiosis is one of typical methods for implementing 3R and has been defined as engaging “traditionally separate industries in a collective approach to competitive advantage involving physical exchange of materials, energy, water, and by-products”. The keys to industrial symbiosis are collaboration and the synergistic possibilities offered by geographic proximity. Recently, several countries in East Asia such as Taiwan, South Korea, Japan and China are promoting ‘designed’ symbiosis networks in various industrial complexes based on their national Eco-industrial Park (EIP) demonstration programs. Despite the recently promoted EIP initiatives worldwide, only very few studies furnish the operational and functional details of ‘designed’ industrial symbiosis networks, starting from the planning to implementation stage. The production of terephthalic acid (TPA) in Korea is 6.5 million ton based on 2011. The production of waste generated in the process of TPA is about 15,000 ton/yr and included useful materials like residue TPA as well as isophthalic acid (iPA), benzoic acid (BA) and p-toluic acid (p-TL). Until now, TPA waste was incinerated due to high caloric value. This study was conducted for recovery of valuable materials from industrial waste and utilization of recovered material as an example of Korean EIP. In this study, the experiment was performed to separate above four materials from the waste by solvent (methanol and water) extraction. The solubility of TPA (0.1g/100g) for methanol is relatively low compared to other materials. Also the solubility of BA (68g/L at 95℃) and p-TL (11.6g/L at 98℃) for water is relatively high in comparison with other materials. Finally, BA was separated from p-TL by molecular distillation system. The purity of recovered materials was analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (Waters Xevo TQ system). The recovery rate and purity of BA is 90% and 93%. The recovered BA could be recycled the companies which are produced plastic plasticizer and paints.