A Numerical Modeling Study on the Interannual Variability in the gulf of Alaska

In Kweon Bang(방인권),Zygmunt Kowalik(지그문트 코발릭) 한국해안해양공학회 1994 한국해안해양공학회 논문집 Vol.6 No.3

A Numerical Modeling Study on the Seasonal Variability in the Gulf of Alaska

In Kweon Bang(방인권),Zygmunt Kowalik(지그문트 코발릭) 한국해안해양공학회 1994 한국해안해양공학회 논문집 Vol.6 No.3

Extra-Low Temperature Growth of ZnO Thin Films by Atomic Layer Deposition

E. Guziewicz,M. Godlewski,K. Kopalko,I. A. Kowalik,S. Yatsunenko,V. Osinnyi,W. Paszkowicz,E. Lusakowska,P. D luzewski 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.5

We report on ZnO thin films grown by the atomic layer deposition method at temperature of 200 ℃ and below. Low-temperature ZnO layers show bright excitonic photoluminescence for “asgrown” samples. Defect-related bands usually observed in the green and the red regions are of low intensity and are absent for ZnO layers grown at 140 ℃ − 200 ℃, which is evidence that competing radiative decay channels are ineffective. We relate this to a blocking of the vacancy formation, which is thermally suppressed at low growth temperature. Hall measurements show that the free-carrier concentration strongly depends on the growth temperature and has the lowest value of 2 · 1017 /cm3 for films grown at 100 ℃ and below. We report on ZnO thin films grown by the atomic layer deposition method at temperature of 200 ℃ and below. Low-temperature ZnO layers show bright excitonic photoluminescence for “asgrown” samples. Defect-related bands usually observed in the green and the red regions are of low intensity and are absent for ZnO layers grown at 140 ℃ − 200 ℃, which is evidence that competing radiative decay channels are ineffective. We relate this to a blocking of the vacancy formation, which is thermally suppressed at low growth temperature. Hall measurements show that the free-carrier concentration strongly depends on the growth temperature and has the lowest value of 2 · 1017 /cm3 for films grown at 100 ℃ and below.

Protozoa population and carbohydrate fermentation in sheep fed diet with different plant additives

Majewska, Malgorzata P.,Miltko, Renata,Belzecki, Grzegorz,Kedzierska, Aneta,Kowalik, Barbara Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.7

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of two plant additives, rich in polyphenolic compounds, supplemented to sheep diets on microorganisms and carbohydrate fermentation in rumen. Methods: In the experiment, 6 ewes of the Polish Mountain breed were fitted with ruminal cannulas. Sheep were divided into three feeding groups. The study was performed in a cross-over design of two animals in each group, with three experimental periods (n = 6 per each group). The animals were fed a control diet (CON) or additionally received 3 g of dry and milled lingonberry leaves (VVI) or oak bark (QUE). Additionally, plant material was analyzed for tannins concentration. Results: Regardless of sampling time, QUE diet increased the number of total protozoa, as well as Entodinium spp., Diplodinium spp. and Isotrichidae family, while decreased bacterial mass. In turn, a reduced number of Diplodinium spp. and increased Ophryoscolex spp. population were noted in VVI fed sheep. During whole sampling time (0, 2, 4, and 8 h), the number of protozoa in ruminal fluid of QUE sheep was gradually reduced as opposed to animals receiving CON and VVI diet, where rapid shifts in the protozoa number were observed. Moreover, supplementing sheep with QUE diet increased molar proportions of butyrate and isoacids in ruminal fluid. Unfortunately, none of the tested additives affected gas production. Conclusion: The addition of VVI or QUE in a small dose to sheep diets differently affected rumen microorganisms and fermentation parameters, probably because of various contribution of catechins in tested plant materials. However, it is stated that QUE diet seems to create more favorable conditions for growth and development of ciliates. Nonetheless, the results of the present study showed that VVI and QUE additives could serve as potential natural modulators of microorganism populations and, consequently, carbohydrate digestion in ruminants.

Growth performance, carcass and meat quality of lambs supplemented different vegetable oils

Renata Miltko,Malgorzata Paulina Majewska,Grzegorz Belzecki,Katarzyna Kula,Barbara Kowalik 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.6

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rapeseed and linseed oil supplementations on performance and meat quality of lambs. Methods: The experiment was conducted on 18 growing (100-day-old) lambs of 19.7±1.9 kg live weight, assigned to 3 groups of 6 animals each. Control lambs were fed meadow hay and concentrate alone. Experimental animals additionally received rapeseed or linseed oils at a dose of 50 g/d. The lambs were slaughtered at an average body weight of 35.7±0.5 kg. Results: The dressing percentage was higher in lambs fed rapeseed oil. Total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C21:0, C24:0 were lower in longissimus dorsi muscle (MLD) in lambs fed linseed oil. Supplementation of diet with linseed oil decreased concentrations of total monounsaturated fatty acids and C16:1, C17:1, C18:1 cis-9 in MLD. The concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and C18:3 n-3, C20:5 n-3 in MLD were higher in lambs fed linseed oil than in other groups. Oils supplementation to diets resulted in increased concentration of C22:6 n-3 in MLD. The inclusion of linseed oil into the diet increased the contents of total PUFA, n-3 PUFA and C18:3 n-3, C20:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3 in semitendinosus muscle in comparison to control. A tendency towards a lower n:6/n:3 ratio in MLD was observed when lambs were supplemented linseed oil. Conclusion: The supplementation of linseed oil to diets seems to reduce the concentration of SFA and increase the concentration of n-3 PUFA. The n-6/n-3 ratio is an important nutritional factor, and its value has been favorably decreased below 2, thereby achieving an important target related to human health. Due to these changes carcass fatty acid profile was improved, and so enhanced lamb meat healthy propertie

Deregulation of DNA Damage Signal Transduction by Herpesvirus Latency-Associated M2

Liang, Xiaozhen,Pickering, Mary T.,Cho, Nam-Hyuk,Chang, Heesoon,Volkert, Michael R.,Kowalik, Timothy F.,Jung, Jae U. American Society for Microbiology 2006 Journal of virology Vol.80 No.12

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Infected cells recognize viral replication as a DNA damage stress and elicit a DNA damage response that ultimately induces apoptosis as part of host immune surveillance. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism where the murine gamma herpesvirus 68 (γHV68) latency-associated, anti-interferon M2 protein inhibits DNA damage-induced apoptosis by interacting with the DDB1/COP9/cullin repair complex and the ATM DNA damage signal transducer. M2 expression constitutively induced DDB1 nuclear localization and ATM kinase activation in the absence of DNA damage. Activated ATM subsequently induced Chk activation and p53 phosphorylation and stabilization without eliciting H2AX phosphorylation and MRN recruitment to foci upon DNA damage. Consequently, M2 expression inhibited DNA repair, rendered cells resistant to DNA damage-induced apoptosis, and induced a G1 cell cycle arrest. Our results suggest that γHV68 M2 blocks apoptosis-mediated intracellular innate immunity, which might ultimately contribute to its role in latent infection.</P>

Downregulation of autophagy by Bcl-2 promotes MCF7 breast cancer cell growth independent of its inhibition of apoptosis

Oh, S,E, Xiaofei,Ni, D,Pirooz, S D,Lee, J-Y,Lee, D,Zhao, Z,Lee, S,Lee, H,Ku, B,Kowalik, T,Martin, S E,Oh, B-H,Jung, J U,Liang, C Macmillan Publishers Limited 2011 Cell death and differentiation Vol.18 No.3

The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, which confers oncogenic transformation and drug resistance in most human cancers, including breast cancer, has recently been shown to effectively counteract autophagy by directly targeting Beclin1, an essential autophagy mediator and tumor suppressor. However, it remains unknown whether autophagy inhibition contributes to Bcl-2-mediated oncogenesis. Here, by using a loss-of-function mutagenesis study, we show that Bcl-2-mediated antagonism of autophagy has a critical role in enhancing the tumorigenic properties of MCF7 breast cancer cells independent of its anti-apoptosis activity. A Bcl-2 mutant defective in apoptosis inhibition but competent for autophagy suppression promotes MCF7 breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo as efficiently as wild-type Bcl-2. The growth-promoting activity of this Bcl-2 mutant is strongly correlated with its suppression of Beclin1-dependent autophagy, leading to sustained p62 expression and increased DNA damage in xenograft tumors, which may directly contribute to tumorigenesis. Thus, the anti-autophagic property of Bcl-2 is a key feature of Bcl-2-mediated oncogenesis and may in some contexts, serve as an attractive target for breast and other cancer therapies.