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Probabilistic risk assessment of dietary cadmium in the South Korean population
Kim, M.,Wolt, J.D. Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2011 Food additives & contaminants. Part A. Chemistry, Vol.28 No.1
<P>Global interest in the adverse health effects of cadmium (Cd) has focused on dietary exposure as the principal source of Cd exposure to the general population. Common assumptions used in deterministic Cd assessment in global or regional diets have limitations when applied to specific national cases where local variation in food composition and consumption patterns are different than for global or regional norms. Stochastic dietary Cd exposure assessment was conducted for the general South Korean population to understand better Cd dietary intake. Because rice (Oryza sativa) is commonly and highly consumed by Koreans, it was the dominant contributor to Cd in the diet, representing on average 25% of the total dietary exposure for the general population. Hazard index (HI) values were below the level of concern for the 95th percentile of the general population. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that variation in rice intake and Cd concentration had the greatest influence on the Cd risk estimate for the general population. Changes in food sources, such as the use of imported rice with higher Cd levels, would lead to increased Cd exposure in the diet, thus necessitating continued vigilance as to the status of Cd within the food supply.</P>
Kim, M.,Chae, H.J.,Kim, T.W.,Jeong, K.E.,Kim, C.U.,Jeong, S.Y. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2011 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.17 No.3
SAPO-34 is the most well-known catalyst for MTO (methanol to olefins) reaction because of its good selectivity to light olefins. However, SAPO-34 catalyst is rapidly deactivated by coke, and thus it should be used in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactors so that the deactivated catalyst can be continuously regenerated. To apply a catalyst into a CFB reactor, strong mechanical strength of the catalyst as well as good catalytic performance is critical. Therefore, in this study, fluidizable spherical SAPO-34 catalysts to be applied to MTO CFB reactor have been prepared through a spray-drying method, and a formulation composition has been optimized, including binders, matrix materials and additives. In particular, the effects of catalyst phase and acidic solution as an additive have been examined using XRD, N<SUB>2</SUB> isotherm, attrition test, pore size distribution, SEM and TEM.
Kim, M.,Kim, Y. 日本航空宇宙学会 2014 Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical Vol.57 No.2
Guidance laws are proposed to enable unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to accomplish stationary target observation missions. In this paper, a nonlinear guidance law is designed utilizing the characteristics of distance error dynamics. The turning direction of the UAVs is very important for multiple UAVs operation. The turning direction of UAV is related to the line-of-sight angular acceleration of the UAV. The proposed guidance law is analyzed to provide a guideline for selecting guidance gains taking into consideration the turning direction. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the performance of the proposed guidance law.
Kim, M.,Kim, J.,Lee, Y.J.,Ju, M.,Park, C.,Balaji, N.,Lee, S.,Kim, J.,Yi, J. North-Holland 2014 Materials letters Vol.116 No.-
The high sheet resistance (R<SUB>s</SUB>) solar cells with ITO full contact suffer from low open circuit voltage (V<SUB>oc</SUB>) with a negligible/no passivation effect. To overcome this, we approached ITO local line contact with SiO<SUB>2</SUB> passivation to reduce the recombination loss. Passivation area increases to 91.29%. The improvement in carrier lifetime, V<SUB>oc,</SUB> reveals the melioration in passivation. With high R<SUB>s</SUB> emitter, the ITO full contact solar cell results in efficiency of 16.26% whereas the ITO local line contact solar cell results in 17.15%.
Electrochemical properties of non-aqueous electrolytes containing spiro-type ammonium salts
Kim, M.,Kim, S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2014 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.20 No.6
Electrochemical properties of organic solvent electrolytes containing salt additive were investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry, ionic conductivity and charge-discharge curve. The electrolyte was prepared by a mixture of propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF<SUB>4</SUB>) and spiro-1,1'-bipyrolidinium tetrafluoroborate (SBPBF<SUB>4</SUB>) as a salt additive. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of spiro-type quaternary ammonium salt on electrochemical properties. The bulk resistance of the mixture electrolytes and interfacial resistance were investigated using an AC impedance method. The result shows that SBPBF<SUB>4</SUB> has good solubility in PC/DMC and the ionic conductivity is comparable to TEABF<SUB>4</SUB> in PC/DMC. From the experimental results, by using the SBPBF<SUB>4</SUB> salt, the interfacial resistance was decreased and capacity and ionic conductivity were increased. These results may be due to the higher mobility or ion dissociation of the SBP cation with smaller ion size than the TEA cation against the meso- or micro-pores of the activated carbons electrode.