차량용 교류발전기의 소음 특성에 관한 연구

송찬일,송상기,송각기 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2002 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.24 No.2

Automobile alternator noises are composed of mechanical noise, ventilation noise and magnetic noise. The design of magnetic parts, fans, bearing, and the rotor has an effect on these noises. In running automobile alternator, these elements can generate noises and vibrations. To know the noise sources of the various alternator, the characteristics of noises are analyzed as rotating speed is increased. Also, this study analyze the harmonics of the noise for the various alternators. The results of this study can lead the instruction t o the noise reduction on the automobile alternator.

한국 젊은이의 顔面美 選好傾向에 관한 연구 : 얼굴의 側貌評價를 중심으로

宋世津,崔益燦 대한치과교정학회 1992 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.22 No.4

This study was designed to assess profile preferences among Korean youths in the year 1992. Facial esthetics was evaluated by means of silhouette profiles, eliminating the influence of a number of aspects that may affect judgment when normal lateral photographs are used. The main points of preference to be clarified here are as follows: First, on facial convexity, Second, on nasion depth, Third, on mentolabial sulcus depth. Fourth, on the position of upper and lower lips, Fifth, on facial type according to Angle's classification of malocclusion, Sixty, on Song's tangents. The 54 subjects printed in questionnaire as black and white silhouettes were selected from 300 tracings from cephalometric radiographs of people whose age ranging from 11 to 20 years. Photographs of six female subjects were retouched by computer graphic software and printed in color and black/white photographs which were used for adaptation of eyes of participants in selecting profiles in silhouette. They constitute 2 questions. The 54 subjects were grouped as 22 questions, each of them composed of 6 subjects, according to the aspects to be clarified. Twenty four questions in total were asked to assess profile preferences. For the assessment, the profile line, the facial esthetic triangle, Song's tangents, and Angle's classification of malocclusion were introduced. The profile line is composed of 11 component points which are Trichion, Glabella, Nasion, Pronasale, Subnasale, Labrale superius, Stomion, Labrale inferius, Supramentale, Pogonion, and Gnathion. The facial esthetic triangle is composed of 3 tangents: A-tangent which is the tangent of dorsum of nose, B-tangent which is the line passing through Sn and Ls, and C-tangent which is drawn on the turning point of the curve which lies between mentolabial sulcus (Sm) and pogonion(Pg). Angle's classification has 3 types of malocclusion which are Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ, and Class Ⅲ. Class Ⅱ malocclusion is subdivided into Division 1 and Division 2. The participants of the survey were composed of 861 college students (448 male students, 413 female students) whose majors grouped as Fine Arts Liberal Arts, and Natural Sciences, and whose mean age 21.8 years. The statistics program SPSS/PC + of SPSS Inc. was used to analyze answers of participants. Crosstabulation, Chi-square test, and Kendall test were done. The conclusions are as follows: First, Korean youths have a tendency to prefer the slightly convex face to the flat or concave face. Second, they prefer a moderately deep nasion. Third, they prefer a moderately deep mentolabial sulcus. Fourth, they prefer the position of lips which are near to Ricketts' E-line. The position of the upper lip which is slightly posterior to E-line is preferred. The upper lip which lies too far anterior or posterior to the lower lip is not perferred. Fifth, they prefer most, according to Angle's Classification of Malocclusion, Class I facial profile which has a slight inclination to Class Ⅱ division2. The order of preference is Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ division 2, Class Ⅲ, and Class Ⅱ division 1. Sixth, they prefer the type 2 and 3 of Song's tangents. The facial profile within which A-and B-tangent meet is preferred. The facial profile which has C-tangent that meets with A-tangent slightly posterior to the crossing point of A-and B-tangent or that parallels with B-tangent is preferred.

차량용 교류발전기의 소음 특성에 관한 연구

송찬일,송상기,송각기 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2000 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.22 No.2

Automobile alternator noises are composed of mechanical noise, ventilation noise and magnetic noise. The design of magnetic parts, fans, bearing, and the rotor has an effect on these noises. In running automobile alternator, these elements can generate noises and vibrations. To know the noise sources of the various alternator, the characteristics of noises are analyzed as rotating speed is increased. Also, this study analyze the harmonics of the noise for the various alternators. The results of this study can lead the instruction to the noise reduction on the automobile alternator.

한국 및 러시아 한국계 청소년 우울증의 사회심리적 위험요인에 대한 횡문화 비교 연구

송동호,민성기,김지웅,김찬형,이홍식,Kim, Larissa 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

연구목적 : 본 연구는 사회문화적 배경이 다른 한국과 러시아, 두 나라의 한국인 청소년을 대상으로 우울증의 유병율을 비교 조사하고, 우울증과 관련된 사회심리적 위험요인들을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 연구도구의 한국어판을 제작하고 두 나라의 청소년 우울증 환자 40명씩을 대상으로 우울척도의 cut-off 점수를 산정하기 위한 예비연구를 본 연구에 앞서 시행하였다. 한국의 청소년 대상은 서울 소재의 중고등학생 838명이었고, 러시아의 청소년은 우즈베키스탄 공화국의 중고등학생 중 양부모가 모두 한국인인 652명이었다. 연구도구로는 우울증의 사회심리적 요인들과 횡문화적 요인들을 조사하기 위하여 기초자료 설문지 및 Beck 우울척도를 적용하였다. 결 과 : 우울증 환자를 대상으로 시행한 예비연구에서 얻은 Beck 우울척도의 cut-off 점수 19점 이상을 기준으로 하였을 때, 한국 청소년 집단에서 우울증의 유병률은 26.5%인데 반하여 러시아 청소년에서는 7.4%의 유병률을 보였다. 한국인 청소년들은 한국인-러시아 청소년에 비하여 염세주의(pessimism), 실패감(failure), 자살사고, 죄책감 등, 절망감(helplessness)과 관련된 증상들이 유의하게 많이 나타났다. 한국인 청소년과 한국인-러시아 청소년 간에 우울증의 유의한 사회심리적 위험요인들로서 여성, 낮은 학업성적, 부모와의 갈등이 공통적으로 나타났으며, 그외에 친구교제 요인, 만성 신체질환, 형제간이나 친구들과의 갈등이 한국인 청소년에서는 또 다른 위험요인으로 존재하였다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통하여 한국인 청소년의 우울증 유병율이 한국인-러시아 청소년의 유병률에 비하여 유의하게 높았으며, 한국과 러시아의 한국인 청소년들 간에 우울증의 유의한 사회심리적 위험요인들이 차이가 있음을 시사한다. Objectives : In order to study a cross-cultural epidemiology of the adolescent depressives with Korean ethnicity in Korea and Russia, we compared psychosocial characteristics and risk factors of depressive disorder between two school-based populations in different sociocultural environments. Methods : We measured psychosocial variables of 838 subjects in Korea, and 652 in Russia(Uzbekitan) using Basic Questionnaires and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI). Results : The cut-off point of BDI for adolescent depression in Koreans was 19 points. Higher prevalence of depression was noted in Korean adolescents(26.5%) compared to Korean-Russian adolescents(7.4%). We found signicant risk factors of adolescent depression in two study samples : female, academic failure, meeting friends less frequently, presence of chronic physical illness, interpersonal problems with parents, and same-sex and opposite-sex friends. Conclusions : Our data will provide information on cross-cultural understanding of psychosocial characteristics and risk factors in adolescent depression compared between Koreans and Korean-Russians.

2차측 능동크램프 방식의 영전압 영전류 스위칭 풀브리지 DC-DC 컨버터

송찬일,이상일,김병철 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2001 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.23 No.2

The zero voltage switching(ZVS) full-bridge(FB) PWM dc-dc converter is characterized by high efficiency, low switching stress and simple topology. But because of primary current in the circulating period, conducting loss of the lagging leg device occur. In this paper, a novel zero voltage and zero current switching(ZVZCS) FB Phase-Shift(PS) PWM dc-dc converter was proposed. The converter has secondary auxiliary circuit using R, L, D. The proposed secondary auxiliary circuit is simple and lossless but removes the primary current for circulating period effectively. The 50 kHz, 300 W prototype converter was experimented for verification of the converter characteristics. The proposed converter has good Characteristics of ZVZCS and high efficiency of 91%.

임베디드 시스템에서 Mobile IP 프로토콜 구현

宋東勳,裵振勝,鄭燦赫,吳世德,李基源,劉忠烈,河載承,李光培,金玄郁 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2005 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.24 No.-

With rapid growth of the internet, need for the mobile communication networks is increasing. In this paper, we implement and test Mobile IP Protocol in Embedded System. Our Mobile IP-based testbed consisted of two sub-networks and each sub-network was configured to operate independently through use of router. To satisfy integrated wired/wireless network model established on the testbed design and show generality of the testbed, we implemented mobile nodes, home agent, foreign agent and router on the basis of Linux operating system. As the results of the evaluation, we confirmed that mobile nodes operated properly according to Mobile IP Protocol.

민란과 농민 항쟁 : 조선 후기 농민운동에 관한 역사 용어 검토

송찬섭 한국방송통신대학교 통합인문학연구소 2009 통합인문학연구 Vol.1 No.1

역사 서술에서 적합한 용어를 사용하는 일은 매우 중요하다. 한번 이름을 붙이게 되면 연구자들뿐 아니라 대중의 역사 인식에 큰 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 그런데 오랜 역사,수많은 사건에 대해 제대로 된 개념 규정을 통해 이름을 짓기란 매우 어렵다. 학문적 평가를 거치기도 하지만 상당수 는 관용적으로 사용한 용어를 그대로 쓰게 된다. 역사용어 가운데는 적절 하지 못한 경우도 적지 않다. 이 때문에 용어를 둘러싼 논란이 일어나기도 하고 때로는 수정이 가해지기도 한다. 조선 후기 농민운동에 관한 용어는 대체로 농민들이 소란을 일으켰다는 뜻을 담아 민요(民擾), 민란(民亂), 때로는 행동에 초점을 맞춰 작변(作變) 등으로 불린다. 그러다가 역사서에서 다루어지면서 좀 더 확실한 이름이 필요해진다. 그 가운데 민란은 사료용어 이자 나름대로 적극적 인 평가가 들어 있지만 점차 그 의미는 퇴색하고 부정적인 의미만 남았으며, 이를 비판 하면서 새로이 농민 봉기,농민 항쟁이라는 용어가 제기되면서 현재는 민란, 농민 봉기, 농민 항쟁 등의 용어가 각기 사용되고 있다. 농민 전쟁에 비해 농민 항쟁은 엄밀한 역사 용어로서 취급받지 못하기도 한다. 그러나 최근 농민 항쟁의 연구 성과를 볼 때 그 지향성은 농민 전쟁 못지않게 뚜렷하다고 판단된다. 이런 점에서 농민 전쟁의 전사로서 농민 항쟁은 좀 더 보편성을 얻을 수 있는 것으로 보인다. 더구나 우리 역사에서 항쟁이라는 표현이 민중운동사의 여러 사건에서 적절한 표현으로 자리매김해 나가고 있다는 점에서 농민 항쟁도 좀 더 적극적으로 사용되어야 할 것이다. 이 같은 용어는 전문 연구자들 차원에서보다는 사회적, 교육적 차원에서 논의가 필요하다. 사건에 있어서 무엇보다도 사건 주체에 대한 표현이 필요하며 당시 농민 반란의 목적이 권력 쟁취가 아니었다는 점에서 엄밀한 의미에서는 반란이라는 표현보다는 좀 더 포괄적인 의미로서 농민 항쟁이라는 용어의 사용은 의미가 있다. 때로는 농민 항쟁이라는 용어로서 모든 농민의 저항과 봉기를 포괄하면서 구체적인 행동에 있어서는 별도의 용어를 사용하는 방법도 있을 수 있다. In historic description, applying of appropriate term is very important. Once the term is named, it not only influence researchers, but also the people’ sunderstanding of history. With a lot of accumulated historic events, however, its not easy to name historic term with adequate definition. In some cases academically evaluated terms are used, but in most cases commonly used terms are applied. And some cases even one-sided and biased terms are used, which lead to criticism and argument. Terms describing late-Chosun peasant movements were generally Min- ran(民亂), Min-yo(民擾), which means peasant’s disturbance. Or Jak-byun(作變), which focus on the behavior. When history books started to handle these historic fact, it was necessary to find more academically appropriate terms. So the terms Min-ran, Nong-min bong-gi(農民蜂起, Peasant Uprising), Nong- min hang-jaeng(農民抗爭, Peasant Struggle) etc. were started to appear. Among these terms Min-ran had its own evaluation, which gradually discolored, and now it has only negative meaning in it. During this process, term Nong-min hang-jaeng were newly appeared. However, term Nong-min hang-jaeng is considered less proper than term Nong-min jun-jaeng(農民戰爭, Peasant War). Yet consider recent research result of Nong-min hang-jaeng, the terms intention. This “Peasant Struggle” is also used as the terms of “Civil Turmoil(民亂)” or “Peasant Uprising(農民蜂起)”. Strictly speaking, the term of “Peasant Struggle” is not often regarded as one of many terms of history in contrast with the term of “Peasant War”. But considering the recently advancing research outcomes on “Peasant Struggle”, this term of “Peasant Struggle” would be as appropriately used as the term of “Peasant War”. In the sense, “Peasant Struggle”, as a part of “Peasant War”, is expected to become more wide-held. Moreover, the term of “Struggle” becomes increasingly appreciated as the appropriate word, with regard to various events. Thus, it is needed to make the most use of the term of “Peasant Struggle”. Most important thing is that social and educational discussion is needed for this subject. It is meaningful to use the term, Nong-min hang-jaeng rather than Ban-ran(反亂, rebellion), for Nong-min hang-jaeng has more comprehensive and correct meaning, and peasant’s aim was not for the gain of power in those times.

2차측 능동크램프 방식의 영전압 영전류 스위칭 풀브리지 DC-DC 컨버터

송찬일,이상일,김병철 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2002 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.24 No.2

The zero voltage switching(ZVS) full-bridge(FB) PWM dc-dc converter is characterized by high efficiency, low switching stress and simple topology. But because of primary current in the circulating period, conducting loss of the lagging leg device occur. In this paper, a novel zero voltage and zero current switching(ZVZCS) FB Phase-Shift(PS) PWM dc-dc converter was proposed. The converter has secondary auxiliary circuit using R, L, D. The proposed secondary auxiliary circuit is simple and lossless but removes the primary current for circulating period effectively. The 50kHz, 300W prototype converter was experimented for verification of the converter characteristics. The proposed converter has good characteristics of ZVZCS and high efficiency of 91%.

정상 성인의 말초 혈액 림프구에 표현된 Humkv325-derived κ 경쇄에서의 N-region addition

송준현,이찬희,이지수,이수곤 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

Complementarity determining region(CDR3) of immunoglobulin is the center of antigen binding site. Changes in the number of amino acids of CDR3 may result in change in antigen binding specificity and affinity. The majority of immunoglobulin x chain has 9 or 10 amino acid co-dons in the CDR3 region. Immunoglobulin x chain containing CDR3 with 11 amino acid codons cannot be made without N-region addition. The aims of this study were to evaluate the presence of immunoglobulin x light chain with 11 amino acid codons in its CDR3 domain expressed in the peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs) of normal individuals and to correlate amino acid codon length in CDR3 region with age and sex. RNA was isolated from PBLs of normal individuals and x chain was PCR amplified. Amino acid length of CDR3 region was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A low but constant expression of immunoglobulin x chain with 11 amino acid codons in CDR3 region in normal individuals was found (mean±SD=11.72±1.80%). Significant correlation was not found between amino acid length in CDR3 region of x chain and age or sex. These findings suggest that the concept that N-region addition in x light chain does not occur due to absence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) needs to be reconsidered. The existence of long CDR3 K chain in PBLs of normal individuals may reflect that CDR diversity in is quite common. Amino acid length of x chain CDR3 is not regulated during development and there is no influence of sex on the expression of x chain containing CDR3 with 11 amino acids.

고정화 미생물을 이용한 페놀화합물의 분해에 관한 연구

송미정,김종신,원찬희 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

Phenolic compounds are toxic and persistent material in the environment, and exhibit objectional tastes and odors. They are commonly found in wastes from the petroleum refining industry, coke-making industry, chemical plants and resin manufactures. The experimental treatment study of phenolic wastewater using immobilized system of Pleurotus cornucopiae and Lentinus edodes was performed under the conditions that the influent phenol concentration 1,000㎎/ℓ, hydraulic retention time 4hr ∼ `0hr, filling rate of immobilized pellets 10∼20%. The treatment system used in this study gives better performance with a shorter hydraulic retention time than the activated sludge process. In the operational condition of influent phenol concentration 1,000㎎/ℓ, 20% of filling rate with immobilized Pleurotus cornucopiae and Lentinus edodes, the national discharge limit of effluent("Na" zone, less than phenol 3㎎/ℓ) was satisfied with less than 10㎏-COD_cr/㎥·day.